2022年中考英语二轮专题复习 动词及动词短语课件（49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
动词及动词短语
知识导图
考点1 动词短语辨析
1.常见的动词短语分类
分类 示例
be+形容词/过去分词+介词 be afraid of害怕；be different from与……不同；be good at擅长
动词+介词 agree with赞成；ask for请求；laugh at嘲笑；look after照顾；照料
动词+副词 give up放弃；look out当心；set off出发；try on试穿；turn down调小；拒绝
考点精讲
分类 示例
动词+名词 get a fever发烧；make a speech发表演讲；make faces做鬼脸；have a try试一试；have fun玩得开心；play sports做运动；take notes记笔记
动词+名词+介词 give one’s life to献身于；take care of照顾
动词+副词+介词 catch up with赶上；get along with进展,相处；stay away from远离
续表
2.初中阶段常见的动词短语
分析近几年中考真题可知，动词短语为每年的必考点，其常考角度有：同一动词型、同一介词型和同一副词型。
（1）同一动词型
be短语 be afraid of害怕；be connected with与……有联系；be covered by/with被……覆盖；be different from与……不同；be friendly to对……友好；be good for对……有好处；be famous for因为……而出名；be full of充满；be interested in对……感兴趣；be lost in沉浸于；be pleased with对……满意；be ready for为……做好准备；be rude to对……无理/粗鲁；be similar to与……相像；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be thankful for感激；be tired of厌倦
come短语 come by短暂拜访；come from来自于；come out出来；开花；出版，发行；come over短暂造访；come up with想出，提出
get短语 get along/on with 和睦相处；关系良好；get off下车；get to到达；get up起床；站起；get used to 习惯于
give短语 give away赠送；捐赠；give it a try试一试；give sb. a hand帮某人一个忙；give up放弃
续表
go短语 go about sth.继续做某事；go back to返回，回到；go by （时间）逝去，过去；go on继续；进展；go out外出（娱乐）；go through仔细察看；经历，遭受
keep短语 keep an eye on注视；keep in touch with与……保持联系；keep…to oneself保守秘密；keep up with不落后，跟上
look短语 look after照料；照顾；look at看；look down on轻视，瞧不起；look for寻找；look like看起来像；look through快速查看；浏览；look up查阅；抬头看
续表
make短语 make noise制造噪音；make a mistake/mistakes犯错；make money赚钱；make an effort作出努力；make progress取得进步
take短语 take away拿走；take care of照顾；照料；处理；take off 脱下；起飞；take on呈现
turn短语 turn down调小，拒绝；turn…into把……变成；turn on打开
续表
（2）同一介词型
含about care about关心；在意；learn about学习，得知；talk about谈论；think about思考；思索；worry about担心
含at arrive at到达（小地方）；knock at敲；shout at…冲……大声叫嚷；stare at盯着看
含for care for照顾，关心；非常喜欢；leave for动身去某地；pay for付费；付出代价；provide…for…为……提供……；send for派人去请；wait for等待
含from break away from挣脱；keep/stay away from远离；learn （…） from…向……学习（……）；keep/prevent/stop…from阻止
含of lose control of对……失控；make sure of确保；speak of提起；take control of控制，掌控；think of想起；认为
含to add up to总计；belong to属于；lead to导致；通向；listen to 听；pay attention to注意；point to指向；refer to提到，涉及，指的是；stick to坚持；固守；talk to…跟……说；walk up to走近
续表
含with agree with同意；赞成；begin/start with以……开始；communicate with和……交流；deal with处理，解决，对付；end （up） with以……结束；help （sb.） with sth.在某方面帮助（某人）；provide…with…为……提供……；talk with与……交谈
续表
（3）同一副词型
含away drive away赶走；get away离开；脱身；move away搬走；put away将……收起；run away突然离开；逃离；throw away扔掉；抛弃
含down calm down冷静下来；let sb.down使某人失望；write down记下；写下
含off cut off切断，断绝，剪掉；drive off驱车离去，驶去；set off出发；show off炫耀；take off脱下,起飞
含out check out借出，结账离开；come out开花；出版，发行；find out找出，查明；help out（帮助……）分担工作、解决难题
含up build up加大；增强；cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；clean up打扫（或清除）干净；dress up装扮；乔装打扮；get up起床，站起；give up放弃；grow up成长，长大；hurry up赶快；急忙（做某事）；pick up拾起，开车接人；set up架起，建立；show up出现；露面；shut up闭嘴；stand up起立；站起来；wake up醒来
续表
【易错点】对于“动词+副词”型短语，其宾语若是名词，放在二者之间或副词之后均可；其宾语若是代词，一定要放二者之间，且用宾格。
其他 call in召来；叫来；fall asleep进入梦乡，睡着；have…in common 有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同；have trouble （in） doing sth.做某事有困难；lose weight减肥；move on继续前进；put on 穿上，上演，发胖；set…free使……获得自由；talk back回嘴；顶嘴；treat…as把……当作
（4）其他短语
考点3系动词和助动词
1.系动词
系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，后必须接表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征。其常见分类及用法如下：
类别 例子
表示状态的系动词 be（am,is,are,was,were）
感官系动词 taste，smell，sound，feel，look
表像系动词 appear，look，seem
表示状态变化的系动词 become，get，go，grow，turn
表示持续性的系动词 keep，remain，stay
2.助动词
协助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句的词叫助动词。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。
考点4情态动词
1.情态动词的基本用法
情态动词 用法 例句
may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以” 。其一般疑问句的肯定回答用can，否定回答用can’t/mustn’t —May I look at your CD player 我可以看一下你的激光唱片机吗？
—No,you mustn’t/ can’t.不，你不可以。
情态动词 用法 例句
may 表示推测，可能性较小，意为“可能”，常用于肯定句中 Your sister may be waiting for you now.你的姐姐/妹妹可能现在正在等你。
用于祈使句，表示祝福或愿望 May you succeed！祝你成功！
might may的过去式 He asked him if he might go back.他问他是否可以回去了。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
might 表示请求时，比may语气更委婉 Might I take your order 你要点菜吗？
表示猜测，可能性比may小 This guitar might belong to Alice.She plays the guitar.这把吉他可能是艾丽斯的。她弹吉他。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
can 表示能力，意为“能，会”，其否定形式是can not=can’t I can play the guitar,but I can’t play the violin.我会弹吉他，但不会拉小提琴。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
can 表示请求、允许，意为“可以” ，较口语化 Can I go home now 我现在可以回家了吗？
You can tell him about that now.你现在可以告诉他那件事了。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
can 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。can’t表示否定推测，语气强烈，意为“不可能”。can所在的疑问句其肯定回答用may或must —Where can it be 它会在哪儿？
—It may/must be in your desk.它可能/一定在你的书桌里。Miss Gao can’t be at home.高老师不可能在家。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
could can的过去式，表示过去的能力 Lucy could swim at the age of five.露西五岁就会游泳。
表示请求、许可或建议，语气较can更委婉 Could you help me 你能帮我吗？
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
could 表示猜测，意为“可能”，常用于肯定句 —Whose French book is this 这是谁的法语书？
—It could be Alice’s.She studies French.可能是艾丽斯的。她学法语。
must 表示说话人的主观意愿，意为“必须，一定” We must work hard at English.我们必须努力学习英语。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
must 其否定形式为mustn’t，表示“禁止，不允许” You mustn’t say things like that.你千万别说那样的话。
表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定” They must be very tired after a long walk.他们走了很长一段路后肯定很累。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
must 其引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to —Must I finish my work now 我必须现在完成工作吗？
—No,you needn’t/don’t have to.不，你不需要。
need 意为“需要”，常用于疑问句和否定句中 He needn’t come here.他不需要来这里。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
need 其引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t —Need I go there tomorrow 明天我需要去那儿吗？
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.是的，你必须去。/不，不需要。
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
should 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议，强调责任和义务 You should go to see the doctor. 你应该去看医生。
表示征得意见，常用于疑问句中 When should we have a meeting 我们应该什么时候开会？
续表
情态动词 用法 例句
have to 表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，有人称、时态和数的变化，后跟动词原形 He had to stay at home because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨他不得不待在家里。
had better 表示建议，意为“最好……”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形 You’d better go there by bus.你最好乘公共汽车去那儿。
续表
【易错点】
（1）need还可作实义动词，有人称和数的变化。如：
He needs to see a doctor.他需要看医生。
（2）must与have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观看法，have to表示客观原因。如：
—Must I finish my homework first 我必须先完成作业吗？
—No,you don’t have to/needn’t.不，你不必。
We didn’t want to leave but we had to.我们并不想离开但是不得不离开。
2.情态动词表推测的用法
◆肯定推测
情态动词 用法
must 意为“一定”，语气最强烈
may 意为“可能”，语气一般
could 意为“可能”，语气更委婉
might 意为“可能”，语气最为缓和，含义更不确定
【易错点】这几个词按照推测的可能性从大到小为：must>may>could/might。
◆否定推测
情态动词 用法
can’t 语气强烈，意为“不可能”
may not 语气不确定，意为“可能不”
如：Miss Gao can’t be in the classroom.I just saw her in the supermarket.高老师不可能在教室里。我刚刚在超市看到她了。
It may not be my pen.这可能不是我的钢笔。
精选考题测评
一、从方框中选择恰当的词，并用其适当形式填空
have to,might,mustn’t,should,can’t
1. （2021·抚顺改编）Don’t you know passengers _________ smoke on high-speed trains
mustn’t
2. （2021·绥化改编）We ________ have a graduation ceremony next week,but I’m not sure.
might
3. （2021·湘潭改编）Richard _______ be at home because he phoned me from the office just now.
can’t
should
4. （2021·株洲改编）We ________ carry forward the spirit of serving the people wholeheartedly.
5. —Dad,must we wait until the light becomes green
—Yes,I’m afraid we _________.That’s the traffic rule.
have to
share,taste,ring,leave,hide,remember,smell,create,celebrate
6. （2021·天津改编）The government plans to ________ more jobs for young people in western China.
create
7. （2021·盐城改编）Alice often ________ the fun of doing DIY with us.She is so creative!
shares
8. （2021·武汉改编）The official newspaper ___________ the news of Tiangong-1,for it took a big step forward into space.
celebrated
9. （2021·自贡改编）It’s our duty to save energy.Please __________ to turn off lights and computers when you leave the office.
remember
10. （2021·杭州改编）While I was watching TV, the doorbell _______.
rang
11. （2020·武汉）It’s wrong and dangerous to _______ children under a certain age alone in the house.
leave
12. （2020·绍兴）The dish ______________ so delicious that I couldn’t wait to taste it.
smelled/smelt
13. Leo wanted to catch the cat,but it ran away and ______ behind the bushes in the garden.
hid
14. This kind of special noodles ________ so delicious that I can’t help asking for more.
tastes
二、根据句意填单词（盲填）
1.（2020·宁波改编）Whatever difficulties you meet,never give _____ easily.
up
2. He chose to study in a junior school near his home.It turned ______ to be a wise decision.
out
3. I have to hand in the report tomorrow,but I can’t think _____ anything to write.
of
4. The volunteers look _______ the sick kids in the hospital on weekends.
after
for
5. Can you tell me what you are looking _____ under the bed
三、语篇训练
A（2021·广州改编）
My grandpa always tells me that people who laugh at their own mistakes will get others to laugh along.Yesterday,I learned that he is right.
“Stay in line,”Mrs.Martin said.I looked at the long line,. .1. . that there would still be pizza.When I reached the front,I looked at the choices.I . .2. . only see chicken,fish and mashed potatoes （土豆泥）.I could hear the sad noise of my empty stomach.
Then,out of the corner of my eye,I . .3. . the only piece of beef pizza.I got so excited.
“Beef pizza,please,”I said politely.Mrs.Martin . .4. . me the pizza. I took the paper plate so quickly that the pizza fell out.I wanted to . .5. . it,but it landed on the mashed potatoes.My face started burning. All I could . .6. . were laughs from some kids in line.
As I . .7. . the upside-down pizza,I heard Mrs.Martin’s voice, “Maria,would you like some mashed potatoes to go with your pizza ” I replied in a sweet voice,“Of course.”Mrs.Martin put the mashed potato pizza on my plate with an encouraging smile.I suddenly . .8. . and relaxed. I looked around laughing,and we all laughed together.
I never really . .9. . my grandpa until I saw others laughing with me.The laughing made me feel good instead of just silly.
1. ( )A. believing B. worrying C. hoping D. knowing
C
2. ( )A. must B. can C. need D. could
D
3. ( )A. saw B. watched C. looked D. read
A
4. ( )A. posted B. handed C. returned D. lent
B
5. ( )A. catch B. eat C. buy D. throw
A
6. ( )A. stand B. see C. hear D. make
C
7. ( )A. laughed at B. shouted at C. arrived at D. looked at
D
8. ( )A. woke B. agreed C. understood D. forgot
C
9. ( )A. believed B. doubted C. expected D. agreed
A
B（2021·郑州二模改编）
do,need,happen,remember,feel,can,book,solve,develop,must
Any time we need a taxi,we can pull out our phone,tap（轻敲） buttons and a car will show up.It’s amazing,right But what 10.__________ to the elderly who need a taxi but don’t know how to use a phone to 11._______ one They can only wave at the taxi passing by.I 12.______ terrible every time I go to the hospital with my grandmother.There is always a long line of sick elderly people waiting for taxis. These people probably need a taxi
happens
book
feel
badly.But they 13.______ not get one because they do not know how to use a smartphone.
Over the past ten or so years,technology has 14.___________ quickly. For most of us,it has changed the way we live. Today, shopping, banking,and even work can all be 15._______ over the Internet.Many new apps have made life easier for us younger people while they have made it more difficult for the older.
developed
done
can
China has now come up with several ways to 16._______ the problem. But bridging this “digital gap（数字鸿沟）” 17.________ everyone’s action.Probably anyone over the age of 60,at one time or another, has called their children or grandchildren to ask for help with their smartphones.When they do so,we 18._______ be patient.What may only take us seconds to learn can take them hours to do so.
Next time your elders ask you for help with technology, 19.___________ how they spent countless hours teaching you to talk, walk, eat,etc.
remember
solve
needs
must