2022年中考英语二轮专题复习 代词课件（48张PPT)

(共48张PPT)
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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
代词
知识导图
考点精讲
考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
一、人称代词
人称代词是用来代替人和事物的词，有人称、数和格的变化，分为主格和宾格两种形式。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。
数格人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he him they them
she her it it 续表
【易错点】
1.人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三，认错担责“我（们）”第一。
2.及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。
3.在含有双宾语的短语中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面，中间用介词to/for连接。如：make them for us为我们制作它们，不能用make us them；give it to me把它给我，不能用give me it。
4.注意人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词的区别，两者都可放在动词后，一个不带“的”，一个带“的”。
二、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数的变化。详见下表：
人称 数 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称 单数 my mine
复数 our ours
第二人称 单数 your yours
复数 your yours
第三人称 单数 his his
her hers
its its
复数 their theirs
物主代词的用法：
1.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语,修饰名词。
2.名词性物主代词,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
三、反身代词
表示反射或强调的代词叫作反身代词。反身代词一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 herself themselves
himself itself 1.用法
反身代词在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。如：
They seemed to enjoy themselves.他们似乎玩得非常高兴。
2.固定搭配
反身代词常跟其他词连用，构成固定搭配。如：
（1）位于介词之后
believe in oneself相信自己
by oneself亲自；独自
come to oneself苏醒；恢复
look after oneself照顾自己
keep…to oneself保守秘密
say to oneself自言自语
（2）位于动词之后
enjoy oneself玩得高兴
help oneself to自取；自用
hurt oneself伤着自己
lose oneself in 陶醉于
prove oneself证明自己
teach oneself=learn by oneself自学
【方法技巧】
第一、二人称用形容词性物主代词+self/selves，第三人称用人称代词宾格+self/selves。
考点2 不定代词
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。它们起名词或形容词的作用。常考的易混不定代词有以下几种：
1.普通不定代词
（1）another,other,the other,others与the others （2）a little,little,a few与few
（3）some与any
相同点 均表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词 不同点 some 一般用于肯定句；在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答
any 一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句
（4）all，both，either，neither与none
辨析 用法 范围
肯定 all “都；全部” ≥3
both “两个；两个都” ，可以和and搭配 =2
either “两者中任何一个” ，另作副词时，可以和or搭配 2选1
辨析 用法 范围
否定 neither “两者都不”，另作副词时，可以和nor搭配 =2
none “没有一个” ≥3
续表
（5）each与every
辨析 用法 范围
each 每个，强调个体 用作形容词或代词，可单独使用 可构成each of结构，作主语时，谓语动词用单数 ≥2
辨析 用法 范围
every 每个，整体描述 只作定语，不可单独使用 不与of连用 ≥3
续表
2.复合不定代词
-body somebody某人 anybody任何人 nobody没有人 everybody每个人
-one someone某人 anyone任何人 no one没有人 everyone每个人
-thing something某事物 anything任何事情 nothing没有东西 everything每件事
初中阶段常用的复合不定代词：
（1）由some和any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some与any的区别基本相同。
（2）当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在其后。如：
There is something interesting in the book.这本书里有一些有趣的东西。
（3）复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
Someone has turned off the light.有人把灯关了。
（4）everyone相当于everybody，anyone相当于anybody，只能指人，不与of连用。every one与any one既可以指人也可以指物，可与of连用。
【易错点】
（1）有全体意义的代词all，both，every（及其派生词），each等，用于否定结构时，只表示部分否定。译作“……不都是”或“并非……都是”。如：
Not all birds can fly.=Some birds can’t fly.不是所有的鸟都会飞。
（2）表示全部否定时对应地可用none，neither，no（及其派生词或短语）。如：
None of them can do it.他们中没有人能做这件事。
考点3 指示代词和it
1.指示代词
单数 this that
复数 these those
（1）this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物，that和those则指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。
（2）that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。
（3）用于比较级时，为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面的名词。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.北京制造的电视机和上海制造的一样好。
（4）打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。如：
Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking 你好！我是玛丽，请问是杰克吗？
2.it的基本用法
（1）指代前面提到的事或物。如：
She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting.她喜欢这个故事，因为它很有趣。
（2）指代动物、不考虑性别的婴儿或不明身份的人。如：
—Who is it？是谁？（问敲门人）
—It’s me.是我。
（3）用来代替指示代词this或that。如：
—What’s this？这是什么？
—It’s an eraser.一块橡皮。
（4）指代时间、距离、天气或环境等。如：
—How is the weather today？今天天气怎么样？
—It’s sunny.是晴天。
【易错点】it，one与that的用法区别：
辨析 意义及用法
it 特指上文提到的同一对象，同一事物
one 泛指上文提到的同类人或物中的一个，同类不同物，其复数形式是ones
that 用于比较级中同类不同范围内的比较
3.it的特殊用法
（1）it作形式主语，代替不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语，常用于以下句型：
①It’s+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth.（对某人来说/某人）做某事是……的。
②It’s+adj.+that从句.……是……的。
③It’s one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。
④It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。
⑤It seems that从句.似乎/好像……
⑥It’s believed/reported/said that从句. 人们相信/据报道/据说……
⑦It takes/took sb.some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
⑧It’s time to do sth./that从句. 是时候……
（2）it作形式宾语，代替不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语，常用在consider,find,make,think等之后。如：
You may find it interesting to go for a run.你可能会发现去跑步很有趣。
考点4疑问代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作某一句子成分。
辨析 意义 用法 句子成分
what 什么 对具体内容进行提问。作定语时，无范围限制 作主语、宾语、表语、定语
which 哪个；哪一些 对指定范围内的“哪个/哪些”人或物进行提问 作主语、宾语、定语
辨析 意义 用法 句子成分
who 谁 对人提问，多作主语 作主语、宾语或表语
whom 谁 对人提问，用作宾语 作宾语
whose 谁的 询问所属关系 作表语、定语
续表
如：What is that 那是什么 （作表语）
Which sport do you like better,swimming or running 游泳和跑步，你更喜欢哪项运动 （作定语，有范围限制）
【易错点】所有疑问代词都可以作为连接代词，用于复合句中，连接主句和从句。
（1）所有疑问代词均可以引导宾语从句；
（2）除what外的疑问代词均可以引导定语从句。
精选考题测评
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. （2021·铁岭改编）—My school ID card is on the desk.What about ________（you）
—It’s in my schoolbag.
yours
2. How is your uncle Please say hello to ______（he） for me.
him
3. Our teachers encourage us to join the volunteer project to help ________（other）.
others
4. “You’re old enough,boy.You’d better do it __________（you）,”my father said to me.
yourself
5. We should try our best to help him.Anyway,he is a classmate of _______（we）.
ours
6. I don’t know whether the dream can come true,but I will try ______（I） best.
my
7. Last week the students went skating and enjoyed ____________（them） very much.
themselves
8. It’s impolite to laugh at others when ______（them） are in trouble.
they
10. In order to improve Mary’s self-confidence,her teacher asked her to look at _________（she） in a mirror every morning and say “I’m the best.”
herself
9. —Is that John’s ball
—No,it’s mine.______（he） is under the chair.
His
二、从方框中选择恰当的代词，并用其适当形式填空
something, either, we, it, she, nobody, one, another, that, nothing
1. （2021·桂林改编）Let’s go shopping for some food.______ haven’t got any meat.
We
2. （2021·北京改编）Mary’s birthday is coming.We’ve decided to make a cake for ______.
her
3. （2021·南通）My pet cat likes playing with _____ tail while my pet dog loves running after balls.
its
4. （2021·武威改编）I have a few books on Chinese food.You can borrow ______ if you want.
one
5. （2021·丹东改编）—Linda,who did you go on vacation with
—__________ was free,so I went alone.
Nobody
6. （2021·营口改编）He was too sad to say __________ when he heard the bad news.
anything
7. （2021·新疆改编）—Where would you like to go next week, Beijing or Tianjin
—________ is OK.It’s up to you.
Either
8. （2021·绥化改编）The population of Suihua is much smaller than ______ of Harbin.
that
another
9. I can’t finish the work in 2 days.I need _________ 2 days.
10. My grandpa tells me that _________ is more important than health.
nothing
三、根据句意填单词（盲填）
1. （2021·营口改编）We find ____ more useful for students to do new eye exercises.
it
2. （2021·东营改编）—Four children were walking under a small umbrella._______ of them got wet.Can you guess why
—Because it was not raining!
None
3. （2021·长春）If you borrow books from the library,give _______ back on time.
them
5. （2021·十堰改编）When I face difficulties,I always say to _________,“Never give up!”
myself
4. （2021·宿迁改编）—Is ____________ here
—Yes.We are all ready.
everybody
四、语篇训练
A（2020·昆明改编）
Do you know . .1. . “paying it forward” means It’s not paying for something before you buy it.“Paying it forward” is to do something nice for . .2. . person for no reason.Then that person does something nice for someone else.
You may think this doesn’t seem like . .3. ..But . .4. . nice act can spread quite fast.
One day in December 2015,a woman was buying a meal at McDonald’s in Florida,the US.She also bought a meal for the person standing in line behind . .5. ..That person did the same thing,and the next person did it,too.Soon,250 people had done another person the act of kindness!
But . .6. . don’t need to spend money to pay for it forward. There are examples of paying it forward every day like volunteering, giving food to the homeless or doing . .7. . nice for someone around you.
Try it out for . .8. ..All you have to do is to look for small things that you could do to make someone happy.Then,ask . .9. . to spread the word and do three kind things for someone else.And when . .10. . does something nice for you,don’t forget to do the same!
1. ( )A. what B. which C. who D. whose
A
2. ( )A. other B. the other C. another D. others
C
3. ( )A. many B. much C. little D. few
B
4. ( )A. this B. that C. these D. those
A
5. ( )A. me B. you C. him D. her
D
6. ( )A. I B. you C. he D. she
B
7. ( )A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
A
8. ( )A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself
B
9. ( )A. us B. you C. them D. him
C
10. ( )A. someone B. no one C. everyone D. anyone
A
B（2020·河南改编）
根据语篇要求，填入适当的代词。
One day,I was reading my favorite magazine.My little girl was playing around me,11.________ made my reading impossible.To get some peace,I tried a trick to keep her busy for a little while.I took a page out from my magazine with a printed map on it.I cut the map into pieces and handed 12._______ over to her,asking her to put those pieces together and make a complete map again.
which
them
But within several minutes,she was standing in front of me with a perfect map in her little hands.Surprised,I asked her how she did 13.____ so quickly and easily.
She smiled and said,“Oh,Dad,there is a man’s face on the 14._______ side of the map.I just tried to make his face complete.”
Then she turned and ran outside to play,leaving 15.______ eyes wide and mouth open.
it
other
me