2022年中考英语二轮专题复习 非谓语动词课件（34张PPT)

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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
非谓语动词
知识导图
考点精讲
考点1动词不定式
动词不定式的基本结构为“（to+）动词原形”，否定形式为“not+（to+）动词原形”。其常见用法如下：
1.作主语
（1）置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
To save money now seems impossible.现在要省钱似乎是不可能的。
（2）为避免头重脚轻，通常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式所表示的真正的主语放在句末，其常用结构为：
①It’s+adj.+（for/of sb.） to do sth.；
②It+is+n.+to do sth.;
③It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.;
④It seems/appears+adj.+to do sth.等。
如：In China,it is interesting to see people eating with chopsticks.在中国,看到人们用筷子吃饭是很有趣的。
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。
2.作表语
构成“be to do”，表愿望、目的、责任、义务等。如：
The purpose was for the kids to understand their family history.目的是让孩子们了解他们的家族史。
3.作宾语
（1）一些表命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。如：
Meredith never wanted to talk about these interests.梅雷迪思从不想谈论这些兴趣。
（2）find/think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：
He finds it easy to learn English well.他发现学好英语很容易。
常见的后接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
afford负担得起 agree同意 begin/start开始
choose选择 decide决定 expect期望
fail没能够 forget忘记 help帮助
hope/wish希望 learn学习 manage设法完成
offer主动提出 plan计划 promise承诺
refuse拒绝 remember记得 want/would like想要
【易错点】两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时，第二个不定式符号to常省略。如：
She has learned to read and write.她已经学会了读和写。
【方法技巧】
巧记不定式作宾语的动词
想要拒绝莫忘记（want,refuse,forget）,
需要努力就学习（need,try,learn）,
喜欢、同意加帮助（like,agree,help）,
希望、决定后开始（hope/wish,decide,begin/start）。
4.作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
He got his sister to help him with his homework.他让姐姐帮助他做家庭作业。
常见的后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求
encourage鼓励 expect期望 force强迫
help帮助 invite邀请 order命令
persuade说服 teach教 tell告诉
want/would like想要 wish希望 warn警告
（2）一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listen to）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（look at,see,watch,notice）。如：
The boss made the workers rest on Sunday.那个老板让工人们周日休息。
5.作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
And she is believed to be the first to make it popular.她被认为是第一个让它流行起来的人。
6.作状语
（1）作目的状语。作目的状语既可放在句首，也可放在句末。如：
I have brought you a duck to celebrate the visit.我给你带了只鸭子来庆祝这次访问。
（2）作原因状语。如：
I’m sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很抱歉。
（3）作结果状语。常表示未预料到的、令人沮丧的结果。如：
A few years later we came to our home to find that our hometown had greatly changed.几年后我们回到家里，发现家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。
7.动词不定式的特殊用法
（1）“疑问词+动词不定式”
①“疑问词+动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语或表语等。如：
Where to live is a problem.住在哪里是个问题。（作主语）
My question is how to find the answer quickly.我的问题是如何快速找到答案。（作表语）
②“疑问词+动词不定式”可与宾语从句进行相互转换。如：
I don’t know what to do next.=I don’t know what I should do next.我不知道下一步该怎么办。
The doctor told him when to take the medicine.=The doctor told him when he should take the medicine.医生告诉他该什么时候吃药。
（2）prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿做……
（3）“too…to…”“not…enough to…”结构
考点2动名词
动名词由“动词+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词+-ing”。其常见用法如下：
1.作主语
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。
2.作宾语
作宾语时，既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语，表示经常性的动作或长期的习惯。如：
He also liked taking his friends there.他还喜欢带朋友去那里。（2019.67）
You can send a sweet,simple message without saying a word.你可以不用说一句话就发出一个甜蜜、简单的信息。
3.作定语
作定语时，只表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，放在被修饰词之前。如：
She is in the reading room.她在阅览室里。
4.作表语
作表语时，构成系表结构，多数情况下可转化成主语。如：
His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的爱好是集邮。
5.常见的后接动名词的词或短语
avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢
finish完成 forget忘记 imagine想象
keep持续 like喜欢 mind介意
practice练习 remember记得 suggest建议
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 be/become/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
have fun/have a good time （in） doing sth.很开心做某事
have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth.做某事有困难
look forward to doing sth.期望做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
spend time （in） doing sth.花费时间做某事
续表
6.后接动词不定式与动名词的区别
精选考题测评
一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. （2021·绥化）You can’t imagine what a good time we had __________（work） together on the project.
working
2. （2021·大庆）Students are not allowed _________（take） mobile phones into the classroom.
to take
3. （2021·永州）People around the world are working on __________（reduce） the causes of global warming.
reducing
to discuss
5. （2021·南京改编）If you would like ___________（discuss） the matter further,please call me.
4. （2021·丹东改编）Turn the world into a big family,and we’ll make people’s wish _______（come） true earlier.
come
二、从方框中选择恰当的动词，并用其适当形式填空
make,wash,collect,climb,touch,warn,lock,jump,return,hire
1. （2021·嘉兴）Sandra,remember _________ the door when you go out,please!
to lock
2. I used to ________ stamps,but now I like drawing.
collect
3. Thank you for __________ us not to swim here.
warning
4. Borrowers are expected __________ books on time.
to return
5. （2020·绥化改编）Eric,your car is so dirty.You should go and get it _________.
washed
6. （2020·绥化改编）When he heard the good news,he couldn’t help __________.
jumping
7. （2020·南京改编）It’s popular _________ a boat and row on the Xuanwu Lake.
to hire
8. （2020·连云港）Avoid __________ your eyes,nose and mouth before washing your hands.
touching
9. The hill is too high.I have difficulty __________ it alone.
climbing
10. Whenever we kids come over,Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us __________ sure we don’t break anything.
to make
三、语篇训练
A（2021·郑外四模改编）
Happiness means different things to people.For Mary,who has a serious sleeping problem,happiness is as simple as 1._______________（have） a good night’s sleep.
having/to have
Bed was once a place where Mary went 2._________（rest） after a long,hard day.However,she has not had a full night’s sleep in almost six months.Her doctor said that 3.__________（count） sheep might help her fall asleep.She tried this,but soon got tired of it after it failed 4.__________（work）.She finds the nights without sleep almost unbearable（难以忍受的）.She’s always sleepy and lacks energy during the day.
to rest
counting
to work
Mary is not alone.Studies show that more than one in three people worldwide have a hard time 5._________（get） enough sleep. It often takes on different forms:some people can get to sleep but wake up much too early;some get a full night’s sleep,but are disappointed 6._________（find） that they still feel tired when they wake up; others like Mary,find it difficult 7.________（fall） asleep in the first place.
to find
to fall
getting
Experts say that people should not worry too much about this problem. In most cases,a lack of sleep is caused by anxiety（焦虑） and pressure.It is important 8._________（keep） yourself in good spirits and be positive.Try 9.______________（not worry） too much about everyday anxieties.Unluckily,this does not work for everyone.If you have trouble 10.__________（sleep）,speak to your doctor about it today.
not to worry
sleeping
to keep
B（2021·巩义二模改编）
feel,see,say,pick,help
When I was in high school,I worked part-time 11._________ Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market.One day,as I was preparing the fruits,a little boy came over with his mom and sister.He was about eight years old,and the girl,five or six.They were looking at the fruits in front of me.I heard the kids 12.______ to their mom（in French）, “They’re good!”I knew it was French because I could speak and understand it.
to help
say
At first I thought the mom was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them.But then I noticed she had to 13.______ and smell each one as she picked them out.Clearly,she was blind.
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits.The boy made sure the fruits were not bad.The woman then felt each one and smiled,and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling.
feel
Their smiles moved me in a way that never happened before.It was so beautiful 14.________ such young kids so willingly to help. Most kids at that age would be picking out candies or toys for themselves,instead of 15._________ out fruits for their mom as the two kids did.
picking
to see