2022年中考英语二轮专题复习 复合句课件（41张PPT)

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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
复合句
知识导图
考点精讲
考点1宾语从句
一、宾语从句的引导词
引导词 作用 例句
that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略 He said （that） Kate was good at drawing.他说凯特擅长绘画。
引导词 作用 例句
if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Wei was a teacher.他问我魏小姐是否是一名教师。
连接代词what,which,who,whose,whom等 在从句中作一定的成分，如：主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。
连接副词when，where，why，how等 在从句中作状语 I asked why she had not been afraid. 我问她为什么不害怕。
续表
【易错点】
1.当两个或多个由that引导的宾语从句通过and连接时，第一个从句中的that可省略，其余从句中的that均不可省略。如：
He said （that） the meeting was very important and that we mustn’t be late.他说会议很重要，我们不能迟到。
2.以下情况通常只用whether不用if:
（1）与or not连用时;
（2）位于介词之后时；
（3）从句位于句首。
二、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态一般遵循以下三个原则：
1.需要性原则：主句是现在时，从句时态看语意。如：
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work later.他说稍后他将请胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
2.呼应性原则：主句是过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。如：
She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。
3.特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实或真理时用一般现在时。如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语（+其他）”。如：
I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
四、宾语从句的转化
1.一般疑问句转化为宾语从句
先确定引导词if/whether。然后根据以下情况进行转化：
（1）若句首是助动词do/does/did，去掉助动词，其余内容语序不变，从句时态结合主句时态进行调整。如：
Does he sing well？The music teacher asked him.→The music teacher asked him if/whether he sang well.这个音乐老师问他唱得是否好。
（2）若句首是情态动词/be动词/助动词（have/has），要把这些词还原到从句谓语位置上，并结合主句时态进行调整。如：
Will you be free tomorrow？She asked me.→She asked me if/whether I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否有空。
2.特殊疑问句转化为宾语从句
先确定引导词（疑问词），之后的转化同“一般疑问句转化为宾语从句”中（1）、（2）。如：
Why are you late Can you tell me →Can you tell me why you are late 你能告诉我你为什么迟到吗？
【易错点】有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述语序，不用再进行语序的调整。如：
What’s wrong/the matter/trouble （with…）
What happened to…
Which is the way to…
Who studies the hardest in your class
3.宾语从句的简化
（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose，know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可简化为“（疑问词+）不定式”结构。如：
He hopes that he will be back soon.=He hopes to be back soon.他希望尽快回来。
（2）当tell，ask，show，teach等动词后带双宾语，且从句主语和间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the library =Can you tell me how to get to the library 你能告诉我怎么去图书馆吗？
考点2定语从句
一、定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。从句放在所修饰词（即先行词）之后，由关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose）或关系副词（when,where,why）引导。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。如：
二、定语从句关系词的判断
1.一看先行词
2.二看在从句中作何成分
【易错点】
（1）如果从句中缺少主干成分（主、宾、定语），补关系代词；如果从句中不缺主干成分，补关系副词。
（2）切记定语从句的关系词里没有what。
3.三看是否属特殊
（1）只能用that的情况：
①当先行词被the only,the very,the last等词修饰时。如：
This is the only book that was written by him.这是他写的唯一一本书。
②当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。
③当先行词为all，much，little，few，anything，nothing，everything等不定代词时。如：
I’m going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
They were talking about things and persons that they remembered. 他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。
⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Which is the program that you like best？哪个是你最喜欢的节目？
（2）只能用which的情况：
①关系代词放在介词之后且先行词指物时。如：
Those days in which you could travel without a passport has gone.那些你不用带护照就可以旅行的日子一去不复返了。
②that/those作主语时。如：
He admired that which looked beautiful.他欣赏那些看起来很美的东西。
【易错点】关系代词的省略问题
一般情况下，关系代词that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但“介词+which/whom”结构中的which，whom不能省。如：
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。
拓展
定语从句就其与关系词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，常用逗号与主句隔开。其引导词通常是who,whom,whose和which等词。如：
This note was left by John,who was here a moment ago.这纸条是约翰留的，他刚才来过这儿。
考点3状语从句
一、状语从句的分类
如果一个完整的句子修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，充当状语成分，该句子就叫作状语从句。状语从句一般由从属连词引导，中考中对状语从句的考查往往与从属连词的辨析及应用相结合。
初中阶段常见的状语从句的分类如下：
分类 从属连词
时间状语从句 before（在……之前）,when/while/as（当……时）,after（在……之后）,since（自……以来）,until（直到……为止）,as soon as（一……就）
原因状语从句 because（因为）,since（既然）,as（由于）
条件状语从句 if（如果）,unless（除非，如果不）,as long as（只要）
分类 从属连词
结果状语从句 so/such…that（如此……以至于）
让步状语从句 though/although（尽管；虽然）,even if/though（即使）,whatever（无论什么）,whenever（无论何时）,whether（不管）
目的状语从句 so that（以便；为了）,in order that（为了）
地点状语从句 where（……的地方），wherever（无论哪里）
续表
二、主、从句的时态问题
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句的时态问题一般分为下列三种情况：
1.主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，从句用一般现在时。如：
Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。
You must stop when the lights turn red.当红灯亮时，你必须停下来。
2.主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：
If our government doesn’t pay attention to the safety of food,our health will be in danger.如果我们的政府不关注食品安全，我们的健康将处于危险中。
3.since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句一般用现在完成时。如：
You’ve changed a lot since we last met.自从我们上次见面以来你变了很多。
【易错点】
1.if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的区别
if在ask，wonder，know等动词后，当“是否”讲，引导宾语从句时，从句时态与语意相关；if当“如果”讲，引导条件状语从句时，主从句时态遵循“主将从现”原则。如：
I don’t know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。（宾语从句）
If he comes,I will tell you.如果他来，我将告诉你。（条件状语从句）
2.when引导的宾语从句和时间状语从句的区别
when引导宾语从句时，意为“何时”，从句时态与语意相关；when引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时”，主从句时态遵循“主将从现”原则。如：
I wonder when my father will arrive in Beijing.我想知道我爸爸什么时候到北京。(宾语从句)
He will call me when he arrives.他到的时候会给我打电话。(时间状语从句)
精选考题测评
一、从方框中选择恰当的词填空
where,after,whose,when,whether,unless,although,who,why,that
1. （2021·盘锦改编）We haven’t decided _________ we will keep a pet.
whether
2. （2021·天津改编）My cousin became a country doctor _______ he finished medical school.
after
3. （2021·益阳改编）___________ the Yangtze River is the longest river in China,it is shorter than the Nile,the longest river in the world.
Although
where
4. （2021·梧州改编）—Sandy,could you tell me ________ you bought the beautiful hair clip
—Oh,I bought it in a shop near the school.
5. （2021·十堰改编）—What did the teacher say just now
—He asked me _______ I looked unhappy then.
why
Unless
6. （2021·江西改编）There are no buses to the beach.________ you have a car,it’s difficult to get there.
7. （2021·滨州改编）In my opinion,of all the books,this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
that
who
8. （2021·鄂州改编）—Yuan Longping is a hero _______ is known for developing hybrid rice(杂交水稻).
—Yes.He is a great man.
whose
9. （2021·铜仁改编）—Do you know the boy ________ handwriting won the first in the competition
—Oh, he is Wang Wei,our monitor.
10. （2021·抚顺改编）—Julia,I’m sorry for what I have done.
—Never mind.I know that people get mad easily _______ they’re under pressure.
when
二、句子翻译
1. （2021·朝阳）如果汤姆下周来,我将带他在我们城市转一转。
____ Tom ________ next week,I will show him around our city.
If
comes
2. （2021·常州改编）在你做出最终的决定之前,请三思。
Please _______ _______ ________ you make a final decision.
think
twice
before
3. （2021·丹东改编）丹东的山水如此绚丽,他立刻爱上了这座城市。
The mountains and rivers in Dandong were _____ colorful ______ he fell in love with the city at once.
so
that
5. （2020·达州改编）我们永远不要拿不属于我们的东西。
We should never take anything ______ doesn’t _________ _____ us.
that
belong
to
4. （2021·丹东改编）我们非常憧憬未来是什么样子的。
We’re really expecting _______ the future _______ ______.
what
looks
like
三、句子升格
1. （2021·鸡西）I will ask someone.Someone likes serious movies.（改为定语从句）
I will ask someone __________ _______ serious movies.
who/that
likes
2. （2021·南通）You can’t borrow books from the library without a membership card.（改为复合句）
You can’t borrow books from the library ____ you _______ have a membership card.
if
don’t
3. （2021·达州）Could you tell us When does the band start playing this evening （合并为一句）
Could you tell us _______ the band _______ playing this evening
when
starts
4. （2021·牡丹江改编）This is the museum.We visited it last year.（改为定语从句）
This is the museum ____________ we visited last year.
that/which
四、语篇训练
A（2021·枣庄改编）
if,which,that,who,whether,as long as
An old man had seven sons,1._______ were always quarreling（争吵）.Some enemies decided to cheat them out of their property（财产） by making them quarrel about it.The good old man,one day, called his sons around him.He laid before them seven sticks, 2.________ were tied together with a rope.He said,“I will pay a hundred dollars to the one who can break the bundle（捆）.”
who
which
Each one worked hard to break the bundle.They tried many times but they failed.They all said 3.______ it could not be done.
“And yet,my boys,”said the father,“nothing is easier to do.”He then untied the bundle,and broke the sticks,one by one,very easily. “Ah!”said his sons.“It is easy enough to do it,so anybody could do it in that way.”
that
Their father replied,“As it is with these sticks,so is it with you,my sons.4._____________ you work together and help each other, you will do well,and none can hurt you.But 5.____ you quarrel and fight, it will happen to you just as it has happened to these sticks, which lie here broken on the ground.”
In fact,6.__________ it is a home,a city,or a country,people will grow rich and strong when they work together and help each other.
whether
As long as
if
B（2021·成都改编）
根据语篇要求，填入适当的从句引导词。
Last summer vacation,I decided to visit Wolong in Sichuan Province. 7._________ I started,my mom reminded me to take care of myself again and again.8.__________ it was my first time to travel alone, I felt really nervous at first.
Before
Because
Wolong is a large nature reserve（自然保护区）,9.________ includes several panda bases for breeding（繁殖） and research.I stayed at a small hotel next to Wolong Panda Center 10.___________ I arrived.I was going to visit the center the next morning.
Everything went well at first the next day.I saw many pandas playing in the trees.They looked so cute.I was not nervous anymore.I also tried to feed them with some bamboo.They were happy and even wanted to get close to me.Later,I left the center happily.
which
after/when
But 11.____________ I was going back to the hotel,I lost my way. I was so worried 12.______ I nearly cried.At that moment,a local person came up to me and asked 13.___________ I needed any help. Then he showed me the way and I arrived at the hotel safely in the end.
The trip to Wolong not only allowed me to learn about pandas in a more satisfying way,but also to meet friendly people.This experience gives me the courage to travel alone again in the future.
that
if/whether
while/when