2022年中考英语二轮专题复习 动词语态课件（25张PPT)

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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
动词语态
知识导图
【技巧点拨】
解答此类试题的关键在于准确把握被动语态的语法——主语是动作的承受者，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。
1.只需强调动作的承受者。如：
The new girl was asked to say three things about herself.
2.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。如：
动词语态
One of the most famous places is the Red Flag Canal（红旗渠） in Linzhou which was built on the side of cliffs（悬崖） of the Taihang Mountains.最著名的地方之一是林州的红旗渠,它建在太行山的悬崖边。
3.动作的执行者是物而不是人。如：
Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
4.用于特殊句型中
“It’s believed/said/reported/suggested+that…”意为“据信、据说、据报道、据建议……”。如：
It is believed that there is life in outer space.人们相信外层空间存在着生命。
考点精讲
考点1动词语态的重点
1.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为系动词时完全一样。各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）:
分类 结构 例句
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are+done It is called “hand heart”.
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+done He was invited in.
分类 结构 例句
一般将来时的被动语态 will/be going to+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
现在完成时的被动语态 have/has+beendone The work has been finished by Amy.
含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be done Recently,my smartphone broke and had to be sent off for repair for a week or so.
续表
2.主动语态与被动语态的转换
（1）主语+及物动词+宾语
变化规则：主语和宾语交换位置,及物动词用被动形式。
【用法口诀】宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词变被动。
（2）主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）
变化规则：①将间接宾语变为被动句的主语,保留直接宾语；②将直接宾语变为被动句的主语,保留间接宾语,但是间接宾语前须加介词to/for。若间接宾语作被动句中的主语,则无需加介词。
（3）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
变化规则：主语和宾语交换位置,原来的宾语补足语保留下来,谓语动词用被动形式。
【易错点】
1.若主动结构中的谓语动词是使役动词（have,make,let等）和感官动词（see,find,watch,notice,hear,feel等）时,后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动语态时,“to”要还原。如：
The boss made him work 10 hours a day.→He was made to work 10 hours a day.老板让他每天工作10小时。
2.在“主语+短语动词+宾语”结构中,短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,由主动句变为被动句时不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。如：
Grandma will take care of my sister.→My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.奶奶将会照顾我妹妹。
3.不及物动词（短语）无被动语态。此类动词（短语）有arrive,appear,disappear,begin,rise,happen,take place等。
考点2动词语态的难点
1.有些动词或结构用主动形式表示被动意义。
（1）当write,sell,wash等词作不及物动词且表示主语（指物）的某种属性时，多与副词well,quickly等连用。如：
The book sells quickly.这书卖得很快。
The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。
（2）“be worth doing”结构。如：
The idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。
（3）“need/require doing”结构，相当于“need/require to be done” 。如：
That car needs repairing.＝That car needs to be repaired.那辆车需要修理。
（4）look,sound,taste,smell等系动词的主系表结构。如：
The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。
2.形容词cheap，comfortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式作状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如：
A bicycle is cheap to run.骑自行车是很经济的。
This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
精选考题测评
一、从方框中选择恰当的动词，并用其适当形式填空
sell,build,encourage,know,put,solve
1. （2021·连云港）Three new schools ______________ in our hometown next year,won’t they
will be built
2. （2021·呼和浩特改编）Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it has _____________ to the world.
been known
was sold
4. （2021·绥化）His new novel is very popular and it __________ out last week.
be put
5. （2021·大庆）The list of winners will ________ up on the school website.
6. （2021·毕节改编）No matter how many difficulties we have,I believe all the problems can ___________ in the end.
be solved
3.（2021·苏州改编）Now teenagers ________________ to do voluntary work for their local communities.
are encouraged
二、根据句意填单词（盲填）
1. （2021·桂林改编）Daming was sad because he ________ chosen for the school basketball team.
wasn’t
2. （2021·凉山州改编）—Every year,millions of plastic bottles _____ thrown away,polluting the land and waterways.
—That’s terrible.We should protect our environment.
are
3. （2021·南京改编）Our school library ____ decorated with plants, lovely desks and chairs,so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
is
will
4. （2021·福建改编）Many research labs ______ be built in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.
5. The new bridge,which is sea crossing,______ been completed and ready for use.
has
6. I don’t think fifteen-year-olds should _____ allowed to drive.
be
三、语篇训练
（2021·宜宾改编）
All primary and secondary school students in China will be banned（禁止） from bringing mobile phones to school.This 1.________________（announce） by the Ministry of Education in early February.
was announced
No mobile phones will 2.____________（allow） in classrooms, the notice said.Students should 3.______________（not ask） to do homework on the phones and schools should set up teacher hot lines and public phones for communication between parents and students,it added.
be allowed
not be asked
The ban has 4.________________（support） by most parents. Zhang Ting,the mother of a fourth grader in Beijing,said,“For primary school students,the knowledge found in books is enough. Nowadays, information is being 5._________（carry） on the Internet,but the content remains the same.And information online is not better than knowledge learned from books.”
been supported
carried
The new action that 6.__________（take） to protect students’ eyesight makes sure they focus on study.It can also stop them from becoming lost in the Internet and online games.It’s already common practice worldwide to limit students’ use of mobile phones in primary and secondary schools.
is taken