2022年中考英语二轮专题复习 简单句及特殊句型课件（34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
简单句及特殊句型
知识导图
考点精讲
考点1简单句的五种基本句型
She gave me a book.＝She gave a book to me.她给了我一本书。
（2）与for搭配的动词有buy,make,build,mend,cook等。如：
My father bought me a bike.＝My father bought a bike for me.我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。
拓展
“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”=“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词to/for+间接宾语”。
（1）与to搭配的动词有give,send,pass,take,bring,show,lend,sell等。如：
考点2疑问句
句型 结构 回答
一般疑问句 Be+主语+其他？ 用yes或no
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ 助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ 助动词+主语+过去分词+其他？ 句型 结构 回答
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ 不能用yes或no，而是问什么答什么
选择疑问句 一般疑问句,…+or+另一备选对象？ 不能用yes或no，要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式
特殊疑问句,…+or+另一备选对象？ 反意疑问句 陈述句/祈使句+附加问句 用yes或no
续表
考点3祈使句
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等，通常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。其常用结构如下：
如：Have a good holiday！（祝你）假日愉快！
Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一会儿吧。
Don’t stand up.别站起来。
Let him not go there alone.=Don’t let him go there alone.不要让他单独去那儿。
Never give up!永不放弃！
拓展
（1）以let开头的祈使句，常用于第一、三人称，表示建议、邀请和劝说等。
（2）以“No+名词/动名词”构成的否定祈使句，通常用作公共场所的提示语。如：
No photos!禁止拍照！
No parking!禁止停车！
考点4感叹句
感叹句是表示说话人喜怒哀乐、惊讶、赞美等强烈感情的句子。其常用结构如下：
How clever a girl （she is）！（她是）多么聪明的一个女孩呀！
How fast Jim runs!吉姆跑得多么快啊！
How time flies！时间过得真快呀！
如：What a beautiful flower （it is）!（这是）多么漂亮的一朵花啊！
What good news （it is）!多好的消息啊！
考点5There be句型和主谓一致
1.There be句型
（1）时态及构成
There be句型时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且可以和各种助动
时态 构成
一般现在时 There is/are…
一般过去时 There was/were…
一般将来时 There will be…/There is/are going to be
现在完成时 There have/has been…
词或情态动词连用。初中阶段There be句型常用的时态构成如下：
（2）用法
There be句型be的单复数形式由最靠近它的主语决定，即遵循“就近原则”。如：
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.房间里有一张书桌和两把椅子。（最近的一个主语是a desk）
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子和一张书桌。（最近的一个主语是two chairs）
（3）There be句型与have的区别
There be句型表示“存在”，强调“某地或某时有某物或某人”，不表示所属关系；have表示所属关系，强调“某人或某物拥有……”。如：
There is a pen on my desk.我的书桌上有一支钢笔。（钢笔在我书桌上，但不一定是我的）
I have a pen.我有一支钢笔。（钢笔不管在哪儿，它都是我的）
2.主谓一致
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。主谓一致包括语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
（1）语法一致原则
语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。
①谓语动词用单数的情况：
如：He exercises every day.他每天做运动。
To be a pilot is his dream.当一名飞行员是他的梦想。
Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不对。
Someone is waiting for you.有人在等你。
The number of the cups is 10.杯子的数量是10个。
One of the boys is interested in the story.其中一个男孩子对这个故事感兴趣。
②谓语动词用复数的情况：
如：They exercise every day.他们每天做运动。
Jerry and his brother are students.杰瑞和他的哥哥是学生。
The shoes are under the bed.鞋子在床下。
A number of birds are on the island.岛上有大量的鸟儿。
③特殊情况：
如：Three fifths of the forest was destroyed.五分之三的森林被毁坏了。
70% of the students are natives.70%的学生是本地人。
A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下面有一双鞋。
Five hundred pairs of gloves are made in the factory each day.这个工厂每天制作五百双手套。
Susan with her family works on the farm.苏珊和她的家人在农场里干活。
The boys who are playing basketball are students.打篮球的那些男孩都是学生。
（2）意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。
①谓语动词用单数的情况：
如：The writer and singer was invited to the party.那位作家兼歌手应邀参加派对。
Two years is a long time.两年是一段很长的时间。
The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。
②谓语动词用复数的情况：
如：The police are running after a thief.警察们正在追赶一个小偷。
The Greens enjoy traveling around the world.格林夫妇喜欢环游世界。
The old think the young are happier than them.老人们认为年轻人比他们幸福。
We each have our own car.我们每个人都有自己的汽车。
③特殊情况：
如：His family is going to move.他家要搬走了。（强调整体）
My family all like watching TV.我们全家都喜欢看电视。（强调个体）
（3）就近一致原则
就近一致即谓语动词与离它最近的主语部分保持一致。遵循就近一致原则的结构有：
如：There is a river and two big trees there.那边有一条河和两棵大树。
Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里。
Not only you but also your mother is going there.不但你，而且你妈妈也要去那儿。
精选考题测评
一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. （2020·扬州改编）Nothing _________（matter） more than people’s safety and health.
matters
2. （2021·安顺改编）Volunteering our time to help people ____（be） a good way to learn new things.
is
3. （2021·梧州改编）—_______（wash） your hands before dinner, Tony.
—No problem,Mom.
Wash
exercise
4. Eighty percent of the students in this school __________（exercise） three to five times a week.
5. Mr.Wang together with his wife and children ________（enjoy） living in the countryside.
enjoys
二、根据句意填单词（盲填）
1. （2021·北京改编）—________ shall we meet for the picnic
—At the school gate.
Where
2. _______ touching the movie was!
How
3. —There ____ a book sale in our school.Would you like to have a look with me
—Sure.I’d love to.
is
4. Not only you but also I _____ interested in the cartoon.
am
5. ________ walk on the grass,or it will “cry”.
Don’t
三、句子翻译
1. （2020·十堰）你们多久上一次劳动课？
_______ _______ do you have a labor class
How
often
2. （2021·常州）及时复习功课是一个多么好的习惯啊！
_______ ____ _______ _______ it is to review your lessons in time!
What
a
good
habit
3. （2021·丹东改编）将来会有越来越多的新技术,使我们的生活更便利。
________ ______ _____ more and more new technologies in the future to make our life more convenient.
There
will
be
5. （2021·贵阳）别在走廊上奔跑,要不你会摔跤的。
________ ______ in the hallways,or you might fall over.
Don’t
run
4. （2021·黄石）快点,否则我们上课会迟到的。
________ _____,_____ we will be ______ for class.
Hurry
up
or
late
四、句子升格
1. 200 students are reading books in the library.（用there be句型改写）
__________________________________________
There are 200 students reading in the library.
2. Would you like some coffee Would you like some milk （合并为一句）
____________________________________
Would you like some coffee or milk
3. Jenny is an outgoing girl.（用what改写）
_______________________________
What an outgoing girl Jenny is!
4. Mark is running very fast.（用how改写）
__________________________
How fast Mark is running!
5. You should put the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.（改为祈使句）
__________________________________________________________
Put the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
五、语篇训练
（2020·哈尔滨改编）
be,and,how,do,reach,cheer
1.______ you have a friend In the modern society,friends are an important part of our life.Without friends,life will be boring.As a matter of fact,a true friend 2._________ for our hands and touches our hearts.Here,let me introduce my friend Jack to you.
Do
reaches
Jack is a handsome boy who 3.____ of medium height.When I was in Grade Seven,I took part in an English singing competition. When the result came out,I learned I failed!I could hardly hold back my tears. I felt that the world became cold and I was laughed at by everyone. 4._______ sad I was!Just at that time,I received a letter in English, saying,“5.________ up!Have confidence in yourself.Keep on practicing 6.______ you’ll succeed.”
How
Cheer
and
is
I knew it was from my friend Jack.These words encouraged me greatly. From then on,I practiced even harder.When I was in Grade Eight, I took part in another contest and won the first prize.I’m so lucky to have such a good friend.