【课后练习】Unit 5 A delicate world Period 1（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 A delicate world
Period 1
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(北京卷)Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people (trap) in powerless high rise buildings.
2．Ever since I took the leadership position, my troubles have (multiple) tenfold.
3．No one was injured in the (explode), but the ambulance was completely destroyed.
4．As the day set for (depart) drew near, I told my wife that I could not go alongside them.
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)But some (ecology) and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
6．We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland___ (conserve).
7．There is little evidence of the effectiveness of these (intervene) at present.
8． (subsequent), she persuaded her husband to allow her to work in the countryside.
维度二 固定用法和搭配(空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．(天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _(allow) more patients to be treated.
2．Owing the rain, the tablet fair was cancelled.
3．Some days later, the lion fell a trap and it tried to get out of it, but in vain.
4．The number of boarders of the school has decreased three hundred.
5．The comrade has helped you a lot, so you owe to him to treat him to dinner.
6．Not until the teacher came in the students stop talking.
7．My mother has no appetite food, so I cook some dishes easy to digest for her.
8．The little boy ran along the street nothing on.
9． consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
10．Though he is 10 years old, he doesn't know that 2 multiplied 4 makes 8.
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．占用你那么多的时间我非常抱歉。
I occupying too much of your time.
2．我希望你永远不要失去对学习的欲望。
I hope you'll never ．
3．He was trapped in a traffic jam, so he had to be patient, waiting.
→ , _he had to be patient, waiting. (过去分词短语作状语)
4．European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it the most popular sport in the world.
→European football is played in 80 countries, ．
5．直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。
① the development of tourist related activities in the rural areas ．
② the development of tourist related activities in the rural areas.(倒装句)
维度四 课文语法填空
Macquarie Island takes on a long, thin shape, 1. is because of strong winds and 2. (storm) seas. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. In 1810, humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly. These animals quickly took over the island, 3. (bring) disasters to birds. Unfortunately cats 4. (intend) to control rats and mice developed an appetite for birds, too.Later, rabbits 5. (introduce) but they led to greater damage to the island. Experts came up with a plan to release a virus 6. (kill) the rabbits, but afterwards, they developed an immunity 7. the virus, and their 8. (number) exploded once again. This incident made 9. clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. I am here to tackle this problem. I brought trained dogs to remove the last 10. (remain) invading species. I hope we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. But there's a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.
Dr.Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic(合成的) clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can't collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.
In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic clothing can produce more than 1，900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental “solution”. Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well known clothing companies to support Benign by Design—his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn't get a satisfying answer. Only one women's clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.
1．What has happened during the past five years
A．Fabric has become much stronger.
B．Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C．Many plastic bottles have been reused.
D．Microfibers have been greatly improved.
2．What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes
A．It is adding microfibers to the clothes.
B．It is worsening environmental problems.
C．It is making synthetic clothes last longer.
D．It is doing great damage to washing machines.
3．What can be inferred about Browne's Benign by Design research project
A．It has achieved great success.
B．It hasn't got anything done.
C．It is known to very few people.
D．It is facing some difficulties.
4．What's the best title for the passage
A．It's Important to Learn to Recycle
B．It's Never Easy to Solve Pollution Problems
C．Recycled Plastic Clothing: Solution or Pollution
D．Are Human Beings Moving Forward or Backward
B
Teens and preteens who start the school day really early tend to weigh slightly more than those who start later. That's the finding of a new study of nearly 30，000 Canadians between the ages of 10 and 18. These data are the latest evidence that starting school too early can harm health.
“We know from earlier studies that when school starts too early, kids can't get the sleep they need，” says Genevieve Gariepy. She works at Mcgill University in Montreal, Canada. Getting too little sleep can put kids at risk for a number of problems. Sleepy teens are more likely to be overweight, to have trouble concentrating and to struggle in school. They also are at higher risk of feeling depressed, using alcohol or drugs and getting in car accidents.
As an epidemiologist (流行病学家), Gariepy is interested in patterns of disease. She studies teen obesity, or extremely overweight. In this study, she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.
“Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a big problem in North America，” she says. The number of overweight kids has grown over the past 30 years. About one in three US and Canadian teens are now overweight or obese. Kids who don't sleep enough may be at higher risk. So Gariepy decided to find more about the impact of school start times.
Her team collected start times of 362 Canadian schools and found that among “6 to 10” graders, those who started school earlier tended to be slightly heavier for their height. Every 10 minute delay in school start time was linked, on average, to a slightly lower weight among students who were the same sex, age and height. But it's not clear that changing school start time would help heavier kids lose weight. To know for sure, researchers would want to compare the same kids before and after changing to a later school start time.
5．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the main topic.
B．To show concern for teenagers.
C．To show the importance of the study.
D．To offer advice on school starting time.
6．What does Gariepy want to find out in her research
A．How to rid adolescents of being overweight.
B．The links between school start time and teen obesity.
C．Why more and more students are becoming obese.
D．The most suitable sleep time for school students.
7．What can we infer about the study of Gariepy and her team
A．A 10 minute delay is enough.
B．Schools may value its conclusion.
C．Its conclusion is reliable.
D．More work remains to be done.
8．What can be a suitable title for this text
A．Experts Worry About the Health of Adolescents
B．Overweight Becomes Common Among Teenagers
C．Study Links Weight to School Starting Time
D．Students Tend to Sleep Less Than Before
Ⅱ.完形填空
It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month. My wife Catherine and I were driving along what some people called moose (麋鹿) alley. It was so __1__ that there were few cars on the road. __2__， a moose jumped out across our path. I had been driving for years and was __3__ in driving. In order to avoid knocking __4__ the moose, I made a quick turn to the other lane. Had I not done that, the moose might have been killed, and my wife and I might have got __5__， too. A few seconds later, when I stopped and looked back in my rear view mirror, the moose was getting up and then ran into the bush. Shaken but __6__， we both looked at each other with a surprised expression.
From then on, I often thought about the __7__ between humans and wildlife. We know that animal species have appeared and disappeared __8__ since life began on the Earth, which is a(n) __9__ phenomenon. However, animal species have been __10__ at a much faster rate for about a century now __11__ human factors such as pollution.
Certain philosophers and scientists keep repeating that if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves. A better __12__ of animals gives us a better understanding of our own species. The __13__ to protect animals and nature in general __14__ the value of a society. And all animals play roles in nature and have a right to __15__. Therefore, I think we should try our best to save endangered animals, because humans cannot live on the Earth alone.
1．A.remote B．peaceful
C．early D．deserted
2．A.Expectedly B．Abruptly
C．Eventually D．Obviously
3．A.confident B．gifted
C．involved D．experienced
4．A.into B．at
C．down D．off
5．A.lost B．shocked
C．injured D．arrested
6．A.exhausted B．sound
C．thrilled D．delighted
7．A.association B．communication
C．negotiation D．relationship
8．A.exactly B．casually
C．continually D．instantly
9．A.strange B．natural
C．unusual D．recent
10．A.disappearing B．developing
C．promoting D．changing
11．A.according to B．instead of
C．due to D．along with
12．A.treatment B．consideration
C．world D．knowledge
13．A.way B．law
C．hope D．will
14．A.shows B．preserves
C．predicts D．protects
15．A.escape B．survive
C．refuse D．select
参考答案与解析
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1.trapped
2.multiplied
3.explosion
4.departure
5.ecologists
6.conservation
7.interventions
8.Subsequently
维度二 固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1.allowing
2.to
3.into
4.to
5.it
6.did
7.for
8.with
9.In
10.by
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1.owe_you_an_apology_for
2.lose_your_appetite_for_learning
3.Trapped_in_a_traffic_jam
4.making_it_the_most_popular_sport_in_the_world
5.①They_didn't_encourage until_recently
② Not_until_recently_did_they_encourage
维度四 课文语法填空
1.which
2.stormy
3.bringing
4.intended
5.were_introduced
6.to_kill
7.to
8.numbers
9.it
10.remaining
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在处理塑料污染方面，把可回收塑料重组成衣服的一部分不失为一个好办法，但研究表明，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量纤维，其中微纤维对海洋环境的危害最为严重。
1.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution.”可知，在过去的五年里，很多制衣公司、企业和环境组织已经开始把塑料转换成纤维来解决环境污染问题。结合上文，企业是用可回收塑料瓶转换成纤维。由此可知，在这五年会有很多塑料瓶被再次利用。故选C。
2.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.”可知，布朗尼通过自己的研究发现世界各地海水样本中都存在微纤维。根据第四段中的“Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten.”可知，塑料对海洋生物有很大的危害。由此可知，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量微纤维，微纤维的排放会加重海洋问题。故选B。
3.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When he asked well known clothing companies to support Benign by Design—his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn't get a satisfying answer.”可知，在布朗尼要求世界知名制衣公司支持把对人类和环境有危害的衣服撤出市场的研究项目时，布朗尼并没有得到一个令人满意的答案。由此可推知，他的研究项目遇到了难题。故选D。
4.C 解析：标题归纳题。根据整篇文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了为什么要把可回收塑料重组成衣服以及这种合成型衣服的前景。故C项“回收塑料服装：是解决方案还是污染？”能够概括文章主旨，可作为标题。故选C。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上学时间过早可能会危害学生健康，可能会对学生体重有影响。
5.A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“These data are the latest evidence that starting school too early can harm health.(这些数据是最新的证据，表明上学时间过早可能会危害健康)”，第三段的最后一句“In this study，she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.(在这个研究里，她想要知道上学时间过早是怎样和体重有关系的)”和第四段的最后一句“So Gariepy decided to find more about the impact of school start times.(所以加里皮决定找到更多的上学时间过早的影响)”可知，文章之后的内容都是围绕第一段介绍的“上学过早可能会影响到健康和体重”这个话题具体展开说明的，第一段是起到了介绍本文主要话题的功能。结合选项可知，故选A。
6.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“In this study, she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.(在这个研究里，她想要知道上学时间过早是怎样和体重有关系的)”可知，加里皮想要在她的研究里发现上学时间和青少年肥胖之间的联系。结合选项可知，故选B。
7.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“To know for sure, researchers would want to compare the same kids before and after changing to a later school start time.(为了确定这一点，研究人员会比较同样的孩子在改到晚一点开学时间之前和之后的情况)”可知，加里皮和她的团队的研究还有更多的工作将要去完成。结合选项可知，故选D。
8.C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Teens and preteens who start the school day really early tend to weigh slightly more than those who start later.(早上学的青少年和儿童比那些晚上学的体重稍微更重)”，第三段最后一句“In this study, she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.(在这个研究里，她想要知道上学时间过早是怎样和体重有关系的)”和最后一段倒数第二句“But it's not clear that changing school start time would help heavier kids lose weight.(但是改变上学时间会帮助更重的孩子减重，这个是不清楚的)”可知，全文主要是在讲述体重和上学时间之间的关系。所以短文的最佳标题为“体重与上学时间有关的研究”，故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。经历一次交通小事故后，作者开始思考人类与动物的关系，他认为我们应该保护野生动物，因为保护它们就是保护人类自己。
1.C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：时间这么早，路上汽车很少。remote意为“遥远的”，peaceful意为“和平的、安静的”，early意为“早的”，deserted意为“荒废的”。结合上文“It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month.”可知，是指下雨的星期六的早上，时间太早了以至于路上几乎没有车。故选C。
2.B 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，一只麋鹿跳出来，穿过我们的小路。expectedly意为“果然地”，abruptly意为“突然地”，eventually意为“最后地”，obviously意为“显然地”。根据下文的“a moose jumped out”可知事发突然。故选B。
3.D 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经驾车多年，对驾驶很有经验。confident意为“自信的”，gifted意为“有天分的”，involved意为“有关的”，experienced意为“有经验的”。根据“I had been driving for years...”可知，作者对驾驶十分有经验。故选D。
4.A 解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：为了避免撞上那头麋鹿，我迅速转到另一条小路。(knock) into意为“撞上、撞到”，(knock) at意为“敲(门)”，(knock) down意为“击倒、拆卸”，(knock) off意为“撞落、停工”。根据“I made a quick turn to the other lane”可知，作者迅速转到另一条小路是为了避免撞上那头麋鹿。故选A。
5.C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我不那么做，那只麋鹿可能会被杀死，我和我的妻子也可能会受伤。lost意为“迷路的”，shocked意为“受惊的”，injured意为“受伤的”，arrested意为“被捕的”。结合上下文可知，此处是指如果车撞到麋鹿，那么作者和妻子也会受伤。故选C。
6.B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到了惊吓但没事，我们都用吃惊的表情看着对方。exhausted意为“疲惫的”，sound意为“无损的、健全的”，thrilled意为“激动的”，delighted意为“高兴的”。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者和妻子虽然受到惊吓但毫发无损。故选B。
7.D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我经常思考人与野生动物的关系。association意为“联合”，communication意为“沟通”，negotiation意为“谈判”，relationship意为“关系”。根据下文“...if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves(如果我们不拯救动物，我们又怎能拯救我们自己)”可知，作者感慨人与动物是相互依存的，因此事后经常思考人与动物的关系。故选D。
8.C 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，自从地球上有生命以来，动物物种不断地出现和消失，这是一种自然现象。exactly意为“恰好”，casually意为“随意地”，continually意为“不断地”，instantly意为“立即”。结合常识可知，此处是指动物的出现和消失是一个不间断的过程。故选C。
9.B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。strange意为“奇怪的”，natural意为“自然的”，unusual意为“不寻常的”，recent意为“近来的”。结合常识可知，物种的出现和消失是自然现象。故选B。
10.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，近一个世纪以来，由于污染等人为因素，动物物种正在以更快的速度消失。disappear意为“消失”，develop意为“发展”，promote意为“促进”，change意为“改变”。根据下文“______ human factors such as pollution”可知，由于污染等人为因素，动物物种正在消失。故选A。
11.C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。according to意为“根据”，instead of意为“代替”，due to意为“由于”，along with意为“与……一道”。结合句意可知，上下文是因果关系。故选C。
12.D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：对动物更好的了解能让我们更好地了解我们自己。treatment意为“治疗、对待”，consideration意为“考虑”，world意为“世界”，knowledge意为“知识”。根据下文a better understanding of our own species可知此处用“更好的了解”符合语境， a better knowledge和a better understanding是同义词复现。故选D。
13.D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，保护动物和自然的意愿显示了一个社会的价值。way意为“方法”，law意为“法律”，hope意为“希望”，will意为“意愿”。结合上下文可知，此处是指人类要有主动保护动物的意愿。故选D。
14.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。show意为“显示、展现”，preserve意为“保护”，predict意为“预测”，protect意为“保护”。结合上下文可知，此处是指保护动物体现了社会价值。故选A。
15.B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的动物都在自然界中扮演着角色，都有生存的权利。escape意为“逃脱”，survive意为“生存”，refuse意为“拒绝”，select意为“选择”。根据下文“because humans cannot live on the Earth alone”可知，此处用 “生存(survive)”符合语境， survive和live是同义词复现。故选B。
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Unit 5 A delicate world
Period 1
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(北京卷)Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people (trap) in powerless high rise buildings.
2．Ever since I took the leadership position, my troubles have (multiple) tenfold.
3．No one was injured in the (explode), but the ambulance was completely destroyed.
4．As the day set for (depart) drew near, I told my wife that I could not go alongside them.
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)But some (ecology) and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
6．We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland___ (conserve).
7．There is little evidence of the effectiveness of these (intervene) at present.
8． (subsequent), she persuaded her husband to allow her to work in the countryside.
维度二 固定用法和搭配(空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．(天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _(allow) more patients to be treated.
2．Owing the rain, the tablet fair was cancelled.
3．Some days later, the lion fell a trap and it tried to get out of it, but in vain.
4．The number of boarders of the school has decreased three hundred.
5．The comrade has helped you a lot, so you owe to him to treat him to dinner.
6．Not until the teacher came in the students stop talking.
7．My mother has no appetite food, so I cook some dishes easy to digest for her.
8．The little boy ran along the street nothing on.
9． consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
10．Though he is 10 years old, he doesn't know that 2 multiplied 4 makes 8.
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．占用你那么多的时间我非常抱歉。
I occupying too much of your time.
2．我希望你永远不要失去对学习的欲望。
I hope you'll never ．
3．He was trapped in a traffic jam, so he had to be patient, waiting.
→ , _he had to be patient, waiting. (过去分词短语作状语)
4．European football is played in 80 countries, which makes it the most popular sport in the world.
→European football is played in 80 countries, ．
5．直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。
① the development of tourist related activities in the rural areas ．
② the development of tourist related activities in the rural areas.(倒装句)
维度四 课文语法填空
Macquarie Island takes on a long, thin shape, 1. is because of strong winds and 2. (storm) seas. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. In 1810, humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly. These animals quickly took over the island, 3. (bring) disasters to birds. Unfortunately cats 4. (intend) to control rats and mice developed an appetite for birds, too.Later, rabbits 5. (introduce) but they led to greater damage to the island. Experts came up with a plan to release a virus 6. (kill) the rabbits, but afterwards, they developed an immunity 7. the virus, and their 8. (number) exploded once again. This incident made 9. clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. I am here to tackle this problem. I brought trained dogs to remove the last 10. (remain) invading species. I hope we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. But there's a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.
Dr.Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic(合成的) clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can't collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.
In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic clothing can produce more than 1，900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental “solution”. Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well known clothing companies to support Benign by Design—his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn't get a satisfying answer. Only one women's clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.
1．What has happened during the past five years
A．Fabric has become much stronger.
B．Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C．Many plastic bottles have been reused.
D．Microfibers have been greatly improved.
2．What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes
A．It is adding microfibers to the clothes.
B．It is worsening environmental problems.
C．It is making synthetic clothes last longer.
D．It is doing great damage to washing machines.
3．What can be inferred about Browne's Benign by Design research project
A．It has achieved great success.
B．It hasn't got anything done.
C．It is known to very few people.
D．It is facing some difficulties.
4．What's the best title for the passage
A．It's Important to Learn to Recycle
B．It's Never Easy to Solve Pollution Problems
C．Recycled Plastic Clothing: Solution or Pollution
D．Are Human Beings Moving Forward or Backward
B
Teens and preteens who start the school day really early tend to weigh slightly more than those who start later. That's the finding of a new study of nearly 30，000 Canadians between the ages of 10 and 18. These data are the latest evidence that starting school too early can harm health.
“We know from earlier studies that when school starts too early, kids can't get the sleep they need，” says Genevieve Gariepy. She works at Mcgill University in Montreal, Canada. Getting too little sleep can put kids at risk for a number of problems. Sleepy teens are more likely to be overweight, to have trouble concentrating and to struggle in school. They also are at higher risk of feeling depressed, using alcohol or drugs and getting in car accidents.
As an epidemiologist (流行病学家), Gariepy is interested in patterns of disease. She studies teen obesity, or extremely overweight. In this study, she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.
“Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a big problem in North America，” she says. The number of overweight kids has grown over the past 30 years. About one in three US and Canadian teens are now overweight or obese. Kids who don't sleep enough may be at higher risk. So Gariepy decided to find more about the impact of school start times.
Her team collected start times of 362 Canadian schools and found that among “6 to 10” graders, those who started school earlier tended to be slightly heavier for their height. Every 10 minute delay in school start time was linked, on average, to a slightly lower weight among students who were the same sex, age and height. But it's not clear that changing school start time would help heavier kids lose weight. To know for sure, researchers would want to compare the same kids before and after changing to a later school start time.
5．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the main topic.
B．To show concern for teenagers.
C．To show the importance of the study.
D．To offer advice on school starting time.
6．What does Gariepy want to find out in her research
A．How to rid adolescents of being overweight.
B．The links between school start time and teen obesity.
C．Why more and more students are becoming obese.
D．The most suitable sleep time for school students.
7．What can we infer about the study of Gariepy and her team
A．A 10 minute delay is enough.
B．Schools may value its conclusion.
C．Its conclusion is reliable.
D．More work remains to be done.
8．What can be a suitable title for this text
A．Experts Worry About the Health of Adolescents
B．Overweight Becomes Common Among Teenagers
C．Study Links Weight to School Starting Time
D．Students Tend to Sleep Less Than Before
Ⅱ.完形填空
It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month. My wife Catherine and I were driving along what some people called moose (麋鹿) alley. It was so __1__ that there were few cars on the road. __2__， a moose jumped out across our path. I had been driving for years and was __3__ in driving. In order to avoid knocking __4__ the moose, I made a quick turn to the other lane. Had I not done that, the moose might have been killed, and my wife and I might have got __5__， too. A few seconds later, when I stopped and looked back in my rear view mirror, the moose was getting up and then ran into the bush. Shaken but __6__， we both looked at each other with a surprised expression.
From then on, I often thought about the __7__ between humans and wildlife. We know that animal species have appeared and disappeared __8__ since life began on the Earth, which is a(n) __9__ phenomenon. However, animal species have been __10__ at a much faster rate for about a century now __11__ human factors such as pollution.
Certain philosophers and scientists keep repeating that if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves. A better __12__ of animals gives us a better understanding of our own species. The __13__ to protect animals and nature in general __14__ the value of a society. And all animals play roles in nature and have a right to __15__. Therefore, I think we should try our best to save endangered animals, because humans cannot live on the Earth alone.
1．A.remote B．peaceful
C．early D．deserted
2．A.Expectedly B．Abruptly
C．Eventually D．Obviously
3．A.confident B．gifted
C．involved D．experienced
4．A.into B．at
C．down D．off
5．A.lost B．shocked
C．injured D．arrested
6．A.exhausted B．sound
C．thrilled D．delighted
7．A.association B．communication
C．negotiation D．relationship
8．A.exactly B．casually
C．continually D．instantly
9．A.strange B．natural
C．unusual D．recent
10．A.disappearing B．developing
C．promoting D．changing
11．A.according to B．instead of
C．due to D．along with
12．A.treatment B．consideration
C．world D．knowledge
13．A.way B．law
C．hope D．will
14．A.shows B．preserves
C．predicts D．protects
15．A.escape B．survive
C．refuse D．select
参考答案与解析
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1.trapped
2.multiplied
3.explosion
4.departure
5.ecologists
6.conservation
7.interventions
8.Subsequently
维度二 固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1.allowing
2.to
3.into
4.to
5.it
6.did
7.for
8.with
9.In
10.by
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1.owe_you_an_apology_for
2.lose_your_appetite_for_learning
3.Trapped_in_a_traffic_jam
4.making_it_the_most_popular_sport_in_the_world
5.①They_didn't_encourage until_recently
② Not_until_recently_did_they_encourage
维度四 课文语法填空
1.which
2.stormy
3.bringing
4.intended
5.were_introduced
6.to_kill
7.to
8.numbers
9.it
10.remaining
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在处理塑料污染方面，把可回收塑料重组成衣服的一部分不失为一个好办法，但研究表明，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量纤维，其中微纤维对海洋环境的危害最为严重。
1.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution.”可知，在过去的五年里，很多制衣公司、企业和环境组织已经开始把塑料转换成纤维来解决环境污染问题。结合上文，企业是用可回收塑料瓶转换成纤维。由此可知，在这五年会有很多塑料瓶被再次利用。故选C。
2.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.”可知，布朗尼通过自己的研究发现世界各地海水样本中都存在微纤维。根据第四段中的“Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten.”可知，塑料对海洋生物有很大的危害。由此可知，合成型衣服的清洗会产生大量微纤维，微纤维的排放会加重海洋问题。故选B。
3.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When he asked well known clothing companies to support Benign by Design—his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn't get a satisfying answer.”可知，在布朗尼要求世界知名制衣公司支持把对人类和环境有危害的衣服撤出市场的研究项目时，布朗尼并没有得到一个令人满意的答案。由此可推知，他的研究项目遇到了难题。故选D。
4.C 解析：标题归纳题。根据整篇文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了为什么要把可回收塑料重组成衣服以及这种合成型衣服的前景。故C项“回收塑料服装：是解决方案还是污染？”能够概括文章主旨，可作为标题。故选C。
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上学时间过早可能会危害学生健康，可能会对学生体重有影响。
5.A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“These data are the latest evidence that starting school too early can harm health.(这些数据是最新的证据，表明上学时间过早可能会危害健康)”，第三段的最后一句“In this study，she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.(在这个研究里，她想要知道上学时间过早是怎样和体重有关系的)”和第四段的最后一句“So Gariepy decided to find more about the impact of school start times.(所以加里皮决定找到更多的上学时间过早的影响)”可知，文章之后的内容都是围绕第一段介绍的“上学过早可能会影响到健康和体重”这个话题具体展开说明的，第一段是起到了介绍本文主要话题的功能。结合选项可知，故选A。
6.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“In this study, she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.(在这个研究里，她想要知道上学时间过早是怎样和体重有关系的)”可知，加里皮想要在她的研究里发现上学时间和青少年肥胖之间的联系。结合选项可知，故选B。
7.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“To know for sure, researchers would want to compare the same kids before and after changing to a later school start time.(为了确定这一点，研究人员会比较同样的孩子在改到晚一点开学时间之前和之后的情况)”可知，加里皮和她的团队的研究还有更多的工作将要去完成。结合选项可知，故选D。
8.C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Teens and preteens who start the school day really early tend to weigh slightly more than those who start later.(早上学的青少年和儿童比那些晚上学的体重稍微更重)”，第三段最后一句“In this study, she wanted to know how earlier school start time might be linked to weight.(在这个研究里，她想要知道上学时间过早是怎样和体重有关系的)”和最后一段倒数第二句“But it's not clear that changing school start time would help heavier kids lose weight.(但是改变上学时间会帮助更重的孩子减重，这个是不清楚的)”可知，全文主要是在讲述体重和上学时间之间的关系。所以短文的最佳标题为“体重与上学时间有关的研究”，故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。经历一次交通小事故后，作者开始思考人类与动物的关系，他认为我们应该保护野生动物，因为保护它们就是保护人类自己。
1.C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：时间这么早，路上汽车很少。remote意为“遥远的”，peaceful意为“和平的、安静的”，early意为“早的”，deserted意为“荒废的”。结合上文“It happened on a rainy Saturday morning last month.”可知，是指下雨的星期六的早上，时间太早了以至于路上几乎没有车。故选C。
2.B 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，一只麋鹿跳出来，穿过我们的小路。expectedly意为“果然地”，abruptly意为“突然地”，eventually意为“最后地”，obviously意为“显然地”。根据下文的“a moose jumped out”可知事发突然。故选B。
3.D 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经驾车多年，对驾驶很有经验。confident意为“自信的”，gifted意为“有天分的”，involved意为“有关的”，experienced意为“有经验的”。根据“I had been driving for years...”可知，作者对驾驶十分有经验。故选D。
4.A 解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：为了避免撞上那头麋鹿，我迅速转到另一条小路。(knock) into意为“撞上、撞到”，(knock) at意为“敲(门)”，(knock) down意为“击倒、拆卸”，(knock) off意为“撞落、停工”。根据“I made a quick turn to the other lane”可知，作者迅速转到另一条小路是为了避免撞上那头麋鹿。故选A。
5.C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我不那么做，那只麋鹿可能会被杀死，我和我的妻子也可能会受伤。lost意为“迷路的”，shocked意为“受惊的”，injured意为“受伤的”，arrested意为“被捕的”。结合上下文可知，此处是指如果车撞到麋鹿，那么作者和妻子也会受伤。故选C。
6.B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到了惊吓但没事，我们都用吃惊的表情看着对方。exhausted意为“疲惫的”，sound意为“无损的、健全的”，thrilled意为“激动的”，delighted意为“高兴的”。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者和妻子虽然受到惊吓但毫发无损。故选B。
7.D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我经常思考人与野生动物的关系。association意为“联合”，communication意为“沟通”，negotiation意为“谈判”，relationship意为“关系”。根据下文“...if we don't save animals, how we will be able to save ourselves(如果我们不拯救动物，我们又怎能拯救我们自己)”可知，作者感慨人与动物是相互依存的，因此事后经常思考人与动物的关系。故选D。
8.C 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，自从地球上有生命以来，动物物种不断地出现和消失，这是一种自然现象。exactly意为“恰好”，casually意为“随意地”，continually意为“不断地”，instantly意为“立即”。结合常识可知，此处是指动物的出现和消失是一个不间断的过程。故选C。
9.B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。strange意为“奇怪的”，natural意为“自然的”，unusual意为“不寻常的”，recent意为“近来的”。结合常识可知，物种的出现和消失是自然现象。故选B。
10.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，近一个世纪以来，由于污染等人为因素，动物物种正在以更快的速度消失。disappear意为“消失”，develop意为“发展”，promote意为“促进”，change意为“改变”。根据下文“______ human factors such as pollution”可知，由于污染等人为因素，动物物种正在消失。故选A。
11.C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。according to意为“根据”，instead of意为“代替”，due to意为“由于”，along with意为“与……一道”。结合句意可知，上下文是因果关系。故选C。
12.D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：对动物更好的了解能让我们更好地了解我们自己。treatment意为“治疗、对待”，consideration意为“考虑”，world意为“世界”，knowledge意为“知识”。根据下文a better understanding of our own species可知此处用“更好的了解”符合语境， a better knowledge和a better understanding是同义词复现。故选D。
13.D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，保护动物和自然的意愿显示了一个社会的价值。way意为“方法”，law意为“法律”，hope意为“希望”，will意为“意愿”。结合上下文可知，此处是指人类要有主动保护动物的意愿。故选D。
14.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。show意为“显示、展现”，preserve意为“保护”，predict意为“预测”，protect意为“保护”。结合上下文可知，此处是指保护动物体现了社会价值。故选A。
15.B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的动物都在自然界中扮演着角色，都有生存的权利。escape意为“逃脱”，survive意为“生存”，refuse意为“拒绝”，select意为“选择”。根据下文“because humans cannot live on the Earth alone”可知，此处用 “生存(survive)”符合语境， survive和live是同义词复现。故选B。
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