【课后练习】Unit 5 A delicate world Period 3（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 A delicate world
Period 3
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．If an alarm gives you that feeling of (secure), then it's worth carrying.
2． (rare) do we see them nowadays, so it is impossible to ask them to help us.
3．I passed by Joan quickly without (greet) her, pretending not to see her.
4．The Great Wall was reconstructed in the Qing Dynasty to guard against_____ (invade) by the tribes from the north.
5．The organization was set up to preserve the (endanger) species from dying out.
6．With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but (apparent) no one had come to her assistance.
7．The moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your (biology) clock to the destination's time.
8．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)While the younger generations prefer to communicate______ (visual), for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).
维度二 固定用法和搭配(空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．School activities are usually considered a good way (make) new friends and develop new interests.
2．In the Western countries，“V” often stands victory.
3． comparison, this set of costume is low in price.
4．It is highly necessary to secure the influence of the new type of virus.
5．The new teaching building is named the donor.
6．We offer an excellent education to our students. return, we expect students to work hard.
7．The land is known a historic site with beautifully coloured walls, on which the events of the past are painted.
8．When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed the range of speedlimits.
9．More than half of the participants said that getting married was not an important criterion becoming an adult.
10．Scientists have said is rare for icebergs to be seen so far north.
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．我很高兴代表我们学校向大家介绍这些活动。
,_I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
2．需要采取措施保护这些必需品不被恐怖分子抢劫。
Some measures are needed to ．
3．She rarely requested help but this was a matter of urgency.
→ but this was a matter of urgency.
4．Compared with other students, Mike is more mature.
→ other students, Mike is more mature.
5．他对父母对待和教育他的方式很满意。
①He was satisfied with ．(定语从句)
②He was satisfied with ．(不定式)
维度四 课文语法填空
Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2016.It is neither its forests 1. its wild man that has brought the status. It is because Shennongjia meets two 2. (criterion) required by the list.
It contains a naturally balanced environment with various species, 3.___ scientists can observe them in their 4. (biology) and ecological processes. 5. (addition), Shennongjia is also one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world, with a wide variety of species living in 6. same place. In order to protect the wild animals, scientists brave heavy snow 7. (supply) food to the animals here. Apart from that, the local people take things from nature without 8.___ (cause) damage. That is why the wild animals and the local people can coexist in harmony 9. each other. All those well explain why Shennongjia 10._ (deserve) its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Air pollution may be causing baldness, scientists have shown for the first time. A new study found that fine particulate matter emitted by cars would damage the skin that holds hair follicles (毛囊) in place. A series of laboratory tests on human cells showed that levels of the crucial proteins needed for hair to grow and be retained decreased when they were exposed to pollution particles. While there is a growing body of evidence showing how these tiny particles can damage internal health, including by entering the bloodstream through the lungs, this is the first to demonstrate such a risk to the surface of the body.
The study was conducted by exposing cells from the human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) to various concentrations of PM10 like dust and diesel particles. After 24 hours the researchers performed a process, known as western blotting, to detect the levels of specific proteins in the cells.
The results showed that the presence of PM10 and diesel particles decreased levels of B catenin, the protein responsible for hair growth. The study also revealed that the levels of three other proteins—cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2, which are responsible for hair growth and hair retention, were decreased by PM10 like dust and diesel particles in a “dose dependent” manner.
Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon, who led the study at the Future Science Research Centre, said, “While the link between air pollution and serious diseases such as cancer and lung diseases is well established, there is little to no research on the effect of particulate matter exposure on the human skin and hair in particular. Our research explains the mode of action of air pollutants on HFDPCs, showing how the most common air pollutants lead to hair loss.”
Sources of PM include the burning of fossil fuels—petrol and diesel, as well as other solid fuels, and other industrial activities such as building, mining and the manufacturing of building materials like bricks.
“While it is difficult to escape from the surrounding pollution, limiting the time for walking in busy streets, especially during rush hours, should help reduce exposure，” said Dr Kwon. “If you are exercising outdoors, try to do so in areas that are less polluted and do not spend too much time waiting at traffic hot spots such as traffic lights.”
1．What did the new study find
A．Air pollution can do great harm to our lungs.
B．The color of our skin can be influenced by air pollution.
C．Serious air pollution can probably prevent hair from growing.
D．Air pollution can affect hair growth by entering the bloodstream.
2．What is western blotting used to do
A．To discover the protein helpful for hair growth.
B．To show the protein content in the cells.
C．To compare different proteins in the cells.
D．To analyze the composition of hair cells.
3．What can we learn from Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon's words
A．His new research is superior to previous research.
B．The research he conducted is really of great importance.
C．The results of his new research need to be further improved.
D．A link between air pollution and diseases needs to be established.
B
Nowadays, we're now eating twice as much fish as we were 50 years ago. While this growing demand for seafood is good for our health, it's harming life in the oceans. Almost 60 percent of global fish are fully exploited (开发) and 30 percent are actually disappearing.
By 2050, with a predicted human population of around 10 billion and climate change decreasing fish populations at a rate of 20 to 30 percent for every 1°C rise in sea temperature, we may be seeking novel fish sources.
But fear not. A solution could be in sight, say researchers who have figured out the area of ocean suitable for aquaculture (水产养殖). The study, led by Rebecca Gentry of the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified areas up to 200 metres deep that are right for farming fish and shellfish, but currently unexploited.
We would only need to farm a tiny part of the space identified—no larger than Lake Michigan—to match current production from wild caught fisheries (渔业), the team says. Better still, if we used all ocean space suitable for aquaculture, we could produce as much as 15 billion tons of fish annually. That's 100 times more than we currently eat each year.
All of this suggests we could farm our way out of the fisheries crisis and possibly global food security problems. People want to eat more seafood, and we seem to have plentiful space to farm it. It sounds so simple—except that it's not.
For starters, not all suitable areas will become fish farms for many reasons, such as worries about habitat damage or local disagreement. Then there's the bigger problem of unintended effects. Rather than save wild fisheries, aquaculture can denigrate them further by spreading disease and pollution, not to mention the senseless practice of using small wild fish as feed for larger farmed fish.
Knowing that we have enough space we need to grow aquaculture offers some comfort. But there are also plenty of warnings. And if we continue consuming large amounts of wild caught fish, we may soon have to accept that our diet will change in ways we haven't expected.
4．What is the main reason for farming fish in the ocean
A．Ocean exploitation.
B．Environmental protection.
C．Growing need for fish.
D．The diversity of fish.
5．What is the advantage of fish farms in the ocean
A．We can produce adequate amounts of fish in tiny space.
B．We can solve the global food security problems.
C．It is simple and practical to raise fish in the ocean.
D．All suitable ocean areas can become fish farms.
6．What does the underlined word “denigrate” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Harm. B．Benefit.
C．Pollute. D．Promote.
7．What's the author's attitude towards ocean fish farms
A．Positive. B．Objective.
C．Negative. D．Indifferent.
Ⅱ.完形填空
You just can't imagine what a brave mother is like. She was a mother of three, who just __1__ an earthquake, and couldn't tell if her children were __2__ for help. Or what if you knew you couldn't yell at her for help because she couldn't __3__ you That was what happened to Connie and her three children __4__ the 6.1 magnitude earthquake rocked Napa, California. Connie is __5__ and communicates with her children using sign language.
At midnight, Connie and her three children were __6__ on the first floor of their two story home. She and her 16 year old son, Juan, were shaken awake. Instantly, they realized there were no disaster supplies downstairs. Connie, also __7__ one month old Raul and 8 year old Adriana, called Juan to come close to her in the darkness and __8__ for him to go upstairs to get a __9__．
Juan slowly __10__ the stairs. He heard a loud creak (嘎吱声). Arriving on the top floor, he moved quickly but __11__ to get what he needed. Using the flashlight to guide his steps back __12__ the stairs, the family was able to take a few items from the first floor and __13__. Their home was almost in ruins.
Being deaf was not deterrent (妨碍物) for this __14__ mother. The family made it to the __15__ safely, which comforted everyone.
1．A.experienced B．dreamed
C．avoided D．reported
2．A.turning around B．standing by
C．running away D．crying out
3．A.see B．hear
C．forgive D．reach
4．A.when B．after
C．unless D．before
5．A.blind B．deaf
C．old D．sick
6．A.alone B．awake
C．alive D．asleep
7．A.chatting to B．playing with
C．focusing on D．running after
8．A.signed B．phoned
C．shouted D．explained
9．A.helper B．flashlight
C．box D．suitcase
10．A.mopped B．examined
C．climbed D．left
11．A.carefully B．regularly
C．bravely D．hurriedly
12．A.up B．above
C．under D．down
13．A.stay B．return
C．flee D．cry
14．A.famous B．skillful
C．ordinary D．determined
15．A.darkness B．shelter
C．ruins D．stairs
参考答案与解析
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1.security
2.Rarely
3.greeting
4.invasion
5.endangered
6.apparently
7.biological
8.visually
维度二 固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1.to_make
2.for
3.By
4.against/from
5.after
6.In
7.for
8.in/within
9.for
10.it
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1.On_behalf_of_our_school
2.secure_the_necessities_against_terrorists
3.Rarely_did_she_request_help
4.In_comparison_with
5.①the_way_(that/in_which)_his_parents_treated_and_educated_him
②his_parents'_ways_to_treat_and_educate_him
维度四 课文语法填空
1.nor
2.criteria
3.where
4.biological
5.Additionally
6.the
7.to_supply
8.causing
9.with
10.deserves
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学研究，研究表明接触常见空气污染物与人类脱发有关。
1.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Air pollution may be causing baldness, scientists...in place.(科学家首次证实，空气污染可能是脱发的原因。一项新的研究发现，汽车排放的颗粒物会损害保护毛囊的皮肤)”可知，严重的空气污染可能会阻止头发生长。故选C。
2.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After 24 hours the researchers performed a process, known as western blotting, to detect the levels of specific proteins in the cells.(24小时后，研究人员进行了一种名为“蛋白质印迹法”的过程，以检测细胞中特定蛋白质的水平)”可知，“蛋白质印迹法”是用来显示细胞中蛋白质含量的。故选B。
3.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中权赫澈博士所说的话可知，虽然空气污染和严重的疾病，如癌症和肺病之间的联系很好的确定了，但是很少甚至没有研究颗粒物暴露的影响尤其是对人类的皮肤和头发的影响。我们的研究解释了空气污染物对人体毛囊乳头细胞的作用模式，揭示了最常见的空气污染物是如何导致脱发的。由此可推知，他进行的研究确实很重要。故选B。
【解题导语】 文章主要讲述了过度捕捞鱼类导致鱼类数量下降带来的一系列问题，并呼吁人们不要过渡捕捞。
4.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，到2050年，预计人类人口约100亿，每1 ℃海温升高的气候变化会使鱼类种群以20%至30%的速度减少，我们可能要寻找新的鱼类来源。根据第三段中的“A solution could be in sight, say researchers who have figured out the area of ocean suitable for aquaculture. (一个解决方案可能就在眼前，研究人员说，他们已经找到了适合水产养殖的海洋区域) ”可知，在海洋养殖鱼类的主要原因是对鱼类的需求上升了。故选C。
5.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We would only need to farm a tiny part of the space identified—no larger than Lake Michigan—to match current production from wild caught fisheries, the team says.(我们只需要在一小块认证的空间进行养殖——不大于密歇根湖——就能和目前野生捕捞渔业的产量不相上下，这个团队说)”可知，海洋中的养鱼场的好处是在较小的空间里就能产出足够数量的鱼。故选A。
6.A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Then there's the bigger problem of unintended effects. Rather than save wild fisheries(另外存在意想不到的影响带来的更大的问题。而不是救它们)”及画线词后的“by spreading disease and pollution (通过传播疾病和污染)”可推知，水产养殖可通过传播疾病和污染进一步损害它们。由此推知，画线词意为“损害、伤害”。harm意为“伤害”， benefit意为“有益”，pollute意为“污染”，promote意为“提升”。故选A。
7.B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Knowing that we have enough space we need to grow aquaculture offers some comfort. But there are also plenty of warnings. (知道我们有足够的空间进行水产养殖这件事给我们提供了些许安慰。但是仍然有很多警示)”可推测，作者对于海洋养鱼场的态度是客观的，能够看到好的一面也能看到不好的一面。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位聋哑妈妈在经历地震时，临危不惧，救了一家人的故事。
1.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是一位三个孩子的母亲，刚刚经历了一场地震，她不知道她的孩子们是否在呼救。experience意为“经历”，dream意为“梦想”，avoid意为“避免”，report意为“报道”。根据下文“the 6.1 magnitude earthquake rocked Napa, California”可知，此处指刚刚经历了地震。故选A。
2.D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：她是一位三个孩子的母亲，刚刚经历了一场地震，她不知道她的孩子们是否在呼救。turn around意为“转身”，stand by意为“袖手旁观”，run away意为“逃走”，cry out意为“大声呼喊”。根据“for help”可知，她不知道她的孩子们是否在呼救。故选D。
3.B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者，如果你知道因为她听不到你的声音，你不能向她大声呼救，会怎样？see意为“看”，hear意为“听”，forgive意为“原谅”，reach意为“够到”。根据下文“Connie is ______ and communicates with her children using sign language.”可知，这位母亲听不见声音。故选B。
4.A 解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：当加州纳帕发生6.1级地震时，康妮和她的三个孩子就遇到了这样的情况。when意为“当……时候”，after意为“在……之后”，unless意为“除非”，before意为“在……之前”。分析句意可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句。故选A。
5.B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：康妮是一个聋哑人，她用手语和孩子们交流。blind意为“瞎的”，deaf意为“聋的”，old意为“老的”，sick意为“生病的”。根据下文“communicates with her children using sign language”可知，这位母亲是聋哑人。故选B。
6.D 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：午夜时分，康妮和她的三个孩子在他们两层楼房的一楼熟睡。alone意为“单独的”，awake意为“醒着的”，alive意为“活着的”，asleep意为“熟睡的”。根据下文“She and her 16 year old son, Juan, were shaken awake.”可知，康妮和她的三个孩子在他们两层楼房的一楼熟睡。故选D。
7.C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：康妮的注意力还集中在一个月大的劳尔和8岁的阿德里亚娜身上，她叫胡安在黑暗中靠近她，并示意他上楼去拿手电筒。chat to意为“聊天”，play with意为“玩”，focus on意为“集中”，run after意为“追逐”。根据下文“one month old Raul and 8 year old Adriana”可知，康妮的注意力集中在年龄较小的孩子身上。故选C。
8.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：康妮的注意力还集中在一个月大的劳尔和8岁的阿德里亚娜身上，她叫胡安在黑暗中靠近她，并示意他上楼去拿手电筒。sign意为“示意”，phone意为“打电话”，shout意为“喊叫”，explain意为“解释”。根据上文“communicates with her children using sign language”可知，此处指康妮示意胡安上楼去拿手电筒。故选A。
9.B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：康妮的注意力还集中在一个月大的劳尔和8岁的阿德里亚娜身上，她叫胡安在黑暗中靠近她，并示意他上楼去拿手电筒。helper意为“助手”，flashlight意为“手电筒”，box意为“盒子”，suitcase意为“手提箱”。根据下文“Using the flashlight”可知，示意他上楼去拿手电筒。故选B。
10.C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：胡安慢慢地爬上楼梯。mop意为“擦”，examine意为“检查”，climb意为“爬”，leave意为“离开”。根据上文“go upstairs”可知，胡安慢慢地爬上楼梯。故选C。
11.A 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：到了顶楼，他迅速而小心地去拿他需要的东西。carefully意为“小心地”，regularly意为“常规地”，bravely意为“勇敢地”，hurriedly意为“匆匆地”。根据语境可知，此时发生了地震且根据“moved quickly but”可知，他迅速而小心地去拿他需要的东西。故选A。
12.D 解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：他用手电筒指引着走下楼梯，一家人从一楼拿了几件东西逃了出来。up意为“沿着而上”，above意为“在……上”，under意为“在……下”，down意为“沿着而下”。上文说胡安爬上楼梯，取了东西，所以此处指下楼梯。故选D。
13.C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用手电筒指引着走下楼梯，一家人从一楼拿了几件东西逃了出来。stay意为“逗留”，return意为“回来”，flee意为“逃走”，cry意为“哭”。根据下文“Their home was almost in ruins.”可知，一家人从一楼拿了几件东西逃了出来。故选C。
14.D 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对这位果断的母亲来说，耳聋并不是障碍。famous意为“出名的”，skillful意为“技术娴熟的”，ordinary意为“普通的”，determined意为“坚定的、果断的”。根据上文“You just can't imagine what a brave mother is like.”可知， 对这位果断的母亲来说，耳聋并不是障碍。故选D。
15.B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人安全到达了避难所，这让每个人都感到欣慰。darkness意为“黑暗”，shelter意为“避难所”，ruin意为“废墟”，stair意为“(梯子的)一级”。根据下文“which comforted everyone”可知，这家人安全到达了避难所。故选B。
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Unit 5 A delicate world
Period 3
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．If an alarm gives you that feeling of (secure), then it's worth carrying.
2． (rare) do we see them nowadays, so it is impossible to ask them to help us.
3．I passed by Joan quickly without (greet) her, pretending not to see her.
4．The Great Wall was reconstructed in the Qing Dynasty to guard against_____ (invade) by the tribes from the north.
5．The organization was set up to preserve the (endanger) species from dying out.
6．With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but (apparent) no one had come to her assistance.
7．The moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your (biology) clock to the destination's time.
8．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)While the younger generations prefer to communicate______ (visual), for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).
维度二 固定用法和搭配(空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．School activities are usually considered a good way (make) new friends and develop new interests.
2．In the Western countries，“V” often stands victory.
3． comparison, this set of costume is low in price.
4．It is highly necessary to secure the influence of the new type of virus.
5．The new teaching building is named the donor.
6．We offer an excellent education to our students. return, we expect students to work hard.
7．The land is known a historic site with beautifully coloured walls, on which the events of the past are painted.
8．When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed the range of speedlimits.
9．More than half of the participants said that getting married was not an important criterion becoming an adult.
10．Scientists have said is rare for icebergs to be seen so far north.
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．我很高兴代表我们学校向大家介绍这些活动。
,_I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
2．需要采取措施保护这些必需品不被恐怖分子抢劫。
Some measures are needed to ．
3．She rarely requested help but this was a matter of urgency.
→ but this was a matter of urgency.
4．Compared with other students, Mike is more mature.
→ other students, Mike is more mature.
5．他对父母对待和教育他的方式很满意。
①He was satisfied with ．(定语从句)
②He was satisfied with ．(不定式)
维度四 课文语法填空
Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2016.It is neither its forests 1. its wild man that has brought the status. It is because Shennongjia meets two 2. (criterion) required by the list.
It contains a naturally balanced environment with various species, 3.___ scientists can observe them in their 4. (biology) and ecological processes. 5. (addition), Shennongjia is also one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world, with a wide variety of species living in 6. same place. In order to protect the wild animals, scientists brave heavy snow 7. (supply) food to the animals here. Apart from that, the local people take things from nature without 8.___ (cause) damage. That is why the wild animals and the local people can coexist in harmony 9. each other. All those well explain why Shennongjia 10._ (deserve) its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Air pollution may be causing baldness, scientists have shown for the first time. A new study found that fine particulate matter emitted by cars would damage the skin that holds hair follicles (毛囊) in place. A series of laboratory tests on human cells showed that levels of the crucial proteins needed for hair to grow and be retained decreased when they were exposed to pollution particles. While there is a growing body of evidence showing how these tiny particles can damage internal health, including by entering the bloodstream through the lungs, this is the first to demonstrate such a risk to the surface of the body.
The study was conducted by exposing cells from the human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) to various concentrations of PM10 like dust and diesel particles. After 24 hours the researchers performed a process, known as western blotting, to detect the levels of specific proteins in the cells.
The results showed that the presence of PM10 and diesel particles decreased levels of B catenin, the protein responsible for hair growth. The study also revealed that the levels of three other proteins—cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2, which are responsible for hair growth and hair retention, were decreased by PM10 like dust and diesel particles in a “dose dependent” manner.
Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon, who led the study at the Future Science Research Centre, said, “While the link between air pollution and serious diseases such as cancer and lung diseases is well established, there is little to no research on the effect of particulate matter exposure on the human skin and hair in particular. Our research explains the mode of action of air pollutants on HFDPCs, showing how the most common air pollutants lead to hair loss.”
Sources of PM include the burning of fossil fuels—petrol and diesel, as well as other solid fuels, and other industrial activities such as building, mining and the manufacturing of building materials like bricks.
“While it is difficult to escape from the surrounding pollution, limiting the time for walking in busy streets, especially during rush hours, should help reduce exposure，” said Dr Kwon. “If you are exercising outdoors, try to do so in areas that are less polluted and do not spend too much time waiting at traffic hot spots such as traffic lights.”
1．What did the new study find
A．Air pollution can do great harm to our lungs.
B．The color of our skin can be influenced by air pollution.
C．Serious air pollution can probably prevent hair from growing.
D．Air pollution can affect hair growth by entering the bloodstream.
2．What is western blotting used to do
A．To discover the protein helpful for hair growth.
B．To show the protein content in the cells.
C．To compare different proteins in the cells.
D．To analyze the composition of hair cells.
3．What can we learn from Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon's words
A．His new research is superior to previous research.
B．The research he conducted is really of great importance.
C．The results of his new research need to be further improved.
D．A link between air pollution and diseases needs to be established.
B
Nowadays, we're now eating twice as much fish as we were 50 years ago. While this growing demand for seafood is good for our health, it's harming life in the oceans. Almost 60 percent of global fish are fully exploited (开发) and 30 percent are actually disappearing.
By 2050, with a predicted human population of around 10 billion and climate change decreasing fish populations at a rate of 20 to 30 percent for every 1°C rise in sea temperature, we may be seeking novel fish sources.
But fear not. A solution could be in sight, say researchers who have figured out the area of ocean suitable for aquaculture (水产养殖). The study, led by Rebecca Gentry of the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified areas up to 200 metres deep that are right for farming fish and shellfish, but currently unexploited.
We would only need to farm a tiny part of the space identified—no larger than Lake Michigan—to match current production from wild caught fisheries (渔业), the team says. Better still, if we used all ocean space suitable for aquaculture, we could produce as much as 15 billion tons of fish annually. That's 100 times more than we currently eat each year.
All of this suggests we could farm our way out of the fisheries crisis and possibly global food security problems. People want to eat more seafood, and we seem to have plentiful space to farm it. It sounds so simple—except that it's not.
For starters, not all suitable areas will become fish farms for many reasons, such as worries about habitat damage or local disagreement. Then there's the bigger problem of unintended effects. Rather than save wild fisheries, aquaculture can denigrate them further by spreading disease and pollution, not to mention the senseless practice of using small wild fish as feed for larger farmed fish.
Knowing that we have enough space we need to grow aquaculture offers some comfort. But there are also plenty of warnings. And if we continue consuming large amounts of wild caught fish, we may soon have to accept that our diet will change in ways we haven't expected.
4．What is the main reason for farming fish in the ocean
A．Ocean exploitation.
B．Environmental protection.
C．Growing need for fish.
D．The diversity of fish.
5．What is the advantage of fish farms in the ocean
A．We can produce adequate amounts of fish in tiny space.
B．We can solve the global food security problems.
C．It is simple and practical to raise fish in the ocean.
D．All suitable ocean areas can become fish farms.
6．What does the underlined word “denigrate” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Harm. B．Benefit.
C．Pollute. D．Promote.
7．What's the author's attitude towards ocean fish farms
A．Positive. B．Objective.
C．Negative. D．Indifferent.
Ⅱ.完形填空
You just can't imagine what a brave mother is like. She was a mother of three, who just __1__ an earthquake, and couldn't tell if her children were __2__ for help. Or what if you knew you couldn't yell at her for help because she couldn't __3__ you That was what happened to Connie and her three children __4__ the 6.1 magnitude earthquake rocked Napa, California. Connie is __5__ and communicates with her children using sign language.
At midnight, Connie and her three children were __6__ on the first floor of their two story home. She and her 16 year old son, Juan, were shaken awake. Instantly, they realized there were no disaster supplies downstairs. Connie, also __7__ one month old Raul and 8 year old Adriana, called Juan to come close to her in the darkness and __8__ for him to go upstairs to get a __9__．
Juan slowly __10__ the stairs. He heard a loud creak (嘎吱声). Arriving on the top floor, he moved quickly but __11__ to get what he needed. Using the flashlight to guide his steps back __12__ the stairs, the family was able to take a few items from the first floor and __13__. Their home was almost in ruins.
Being deaf was not deterrent (妨碍物) for this __14__ mother. The family made it to the __15__ safely, which comforted everyone.
1．A.experienced B．dreamed
C．avoided D．reported
2．A.turning around B．standing by
C．running away D．crying out
3．A.see B．hear
C．forgive D．reach
4．A.when B．after
C．unless D．before
5．A.blind B．deaf
C．old D．sick
6．A.alone B．awake
C．alive D．asleep
7．A.chatting to B．playing with
C．focusing on D．running after
8．A.signed B．phoned
C．shouted D．explained
9．A.helper B．flashlight
C．box D．suitcase
10．A.mopped B．examined
C．climbed D．left
11．A.carefully B．regularly
C．bravely D．hurriedly
12．A.up B．above
C．under D．down
13．A.stay B．return
C．flee D．cry
14．A.famous B．skillful
C．ordinary D．determined
15．A.darkness B．shelter
C．ruins D．stairs
参考答案与解析
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1.security
2.Rarely
3.greeting
4.invasion
5.endangered
6.apparently
7.biological
8.visually
维度二 固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1.to_make
2.for
3.By
4.against/from
5.after
6.In
7.for
8.in/within
9.for
10.it
维度三 完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1.On_behalf_of_our_school
2.secure_the_necessities_against_terrorists
3.Rarely_did_she_request_help
4.In_comparison_with
5.①the_way_(that/in_which)_his_parents_treated_and_educated_him
②his_parents'_ways_to_treat_and_educate_him
维度四 课文语法填空
1.nor
2.criteria
3.where
4.biological
5.Additionally
6.the
7.to_supply
8.causing
9.with
10.deserves
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学研究，研究表明接触常见空气污染物与人类脱发有关。
1.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Air pollution may be causing baldness, scientists...in place.(科学家首次证实，空气污染可能是脱发的原因。一项新的研究发现，汽车排放的颗粒物会损害保护毛囊的皮肤)”可知，严重的空气污染可能会阻止头发生长。故选C。
2.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After 24 hours the researchers performed a process, known as western blotting, to detect the levels of specific proteins in the cells.(24小时后，研究人员进行了一种名为“蛋白质印迹法”的过程，以检测细胞中特定蛋白质的水平)”可知，“蛋白质印迹法”是用来显示细胞中蛋白质含量的。故选B。
3.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中权赫澈博士所说的话可知，虽然空气污染和严重的疾病，如癌症和肺病之间的联系很好的确定了，但是很少甚至没有研究颗粒物暴露的影响尤其是对人类的皮肤和头发的影响。我们的研究解释了空气污染物对人体毛囊乳头细胞的作用模式，揭示了最常见的空气污染物是如何导致脱发的。由此可推知，他进行的研究确实很重要。故选B。
【解题导语】 文章主要讲述了过度捕捞鱼类导致鱼类数量下降带来的一系列问题，并呼吁人们不要过渡捕捞。
4.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，到2050年，预计人类人口约100亿，每1 ℃海温升高的气候变化会使鱼类种群以20%至30%的速度减少，我们可能要寻找新的鱼类来源。根据第三段中的“A solution could be in sight, say researchers who have figured out the area of ocean suitable for aquaculture. (一个解决方案可能就在眼前，研究人员说，他们已经找到了适合水产养殖的海洋区域) ”可知，在海洋养殖鱼类的主要原因是对鱼类的需求上升了。故选C。
5.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We would only need to farm a tiny part of the space identified—no larger than Lake Michigan—to match current production from wild caught fisheries, the team says.(我们只需要在一小块认证的空间进行养殖——不大于密歇根湖——就能和目前野生捕捞渔业的产量不相上下，这个团队说)”可知，海洋中的养鱼场的好处是在较小的空间里就能产出足够数量的鱼。故选A。
6.A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Then there's the bigger problem of unintended effects. Rather than save wild fisheries(另外存在意想不到的影响带来的更大的问题。而不是救它们)”及画线词后的“by spreading disease and pollution (通过传播疾病和污染)”可推知，水产养殖可通过传播疾病和污染进一步损害它们。由此推知，画线词意为“损害、伤害”。harm意为“伤害”， benefit意为“有益”，pollute意为“污染”，promote意为“提升”。故选A。
7.B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Knowing that we have enough space we need to grow aquaculture offers some comfort. But there are also plenty of warnings. (知道我们有足够的空间进行水产养殖这件事给我们提供了些许安慰。但是仍然有很多警示)”可推测，作者对于海洋养鱼场的态度是客观的，能够看到好的一面也能看到不好的一面。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位聋哑妈妈在经历地震时，临危不惧，救了一家人的故事。
1.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是一位三个孩子的母亲，刚刚经历了一场地震，她不知道她的孩子们是否在呼救。experience意为“经历”，dream意为“梦想”，avoid意为“避免”，report意为“报道”。根据下文“the 6.1 magnitude earthquake rocked Napa, California”可知，此处指刚刚经历了地震。故选A。
2.D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：她是一位三个孩子的母亲，刚刚经历了一场地震，她不知道她的孩子们是否在呼救。turn around意为“转身”，stand by意为“袖手旁观”，run away意为“逃走”，cry out意为“大声呼喊”。根据“for help”可知，她不知道她的孩子们是否在呼救。故选D。
3.B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者，如果你知道因为她听不到你的声音，你不能向她大声呼救，会怎样？see意为“看”，hear意为“听”，forgive意为“原谅”，reach意为“够到”。根据下文“Connie is ______ and communicates with her children using sign language.”可知，这位母亲听不见声音。故选B。
4.A 解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：当加州纳帕发生6.1级地震时，康妮和她的三个孩子就遇到了这样的情况。when意为“当……时候”，after意为“在……之后”，unless意为“除非”，before意为“在……之前”。分析句意可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句。故选A。
5.B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：康妮是一个聋哑人，她用手语和孩子们交流。blind意为“瞎的”，deaf意为“聋的”，old意为“老的”，sick意为“生病的”。根据下文“communicates with her children using sign language”可知，这位母亲是聋哑人。故选B。
6.D 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：午夜时分，康妮和她的三个孩子在他们两层楼房的一楼熟睡。alone意为“单独的”，awake意为“醒着的”，alive意为“活着的”，asleep意为“熟睡的”。根据下文“She and her 16 year old son, Juan, were shaken awake.”可知，康妮和她的三个孩子在他们两层楼房的一楼熟睡。故选D。
7.C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：康妮的注意力还集中在一个月大的劳尔和8岁的阿德里亚娜身上，她叫胡安在黑暗中靠近她，并示意他上楼去拿手电筒。chat to意为“聊天”，play with意为“玩”，focus on意为“集中”，run after意为“追逐”。根据下文“one month old Raul and 8 year old Adriana”可知，康妮的注意力集中在年龄较小的孩子身上。故选C。
8.A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：康妮的注意力还集中在一个月大的劳尔和8岁的阿德里亚娜身上，她叫胡安在黑暗中靠近她，并示意他上楼去拿手电筒。sign意为“示意”，phone意为“打电话”，shout意为“喊叫”，explain意为“解释”。根据上文“communicates with her children using sign language”可知，此处指康妮示意胡安上楼去拿手电筒。故选A。
9.B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：康妮的注意力还集中在一个月大的劳尔和8岁的阿德里亚娜身上，她叫胡安在黑暗中靠近她，并示意他上楼去拿手电筒。helper意为“助手”，flashlight意为“手电筒”，box意为“盒子”，suitcase意为“手提箱”。根据下文“Using the flashlight”可知，示意他上楼去拿手电筒。故选B。
10.C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：胡安慢慢地爬上楼梯。mop意为“擦”，examine意为“检查”，climb意为“爬”，leave意为“离开”。根据上文“go upstairs”可知，胡安慢慢地爬上楼梯。故选C。
11.A 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：到了顶楼，他迅速而小心地去拿他需要的东西。carefully意为“小心地”，regularly意为“常规地”，bravely意为“勇敢地”，hurriedly意为“匆匆地”。根据语境可知，此时发生了地震且根据“moved quickly but”可知，他迅速而小心地去拿他需要的东西。故选A。
12.D 解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：他用手电筒指引着走下楼梯，一家人从一楼拿了几件东西逃了出来。up意为“沿着而上”，above意为“在……上”，under意为“在……下”，down意为“沿着而下”。上文说胡安爬上楼梯，取了东西，所以此处指下楼梯。故选D。
13.C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用手电筒指引着走下楼梯，一家人从一楼拿了几件东西逃了出来。stay意为“逗留”，return意为“回来”，flee意为“逃走”，cry意为“哭”。根据下文“Their home was almost in ruins.”可知，一家人从一楼拿了几件东西逃了出来。故选C。
14.D 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对这位果断的母亲来说，耳聋并不是障碍。famous意为“出名的”，skillful意为“技术娴熟的”，ordinary意为“普通的”，determined意为“坚定的、果断的”。根据上文“You just can't imagine what a brave mother is like.”可知， 对这位果断的母亲来说，耳聋并不是障碍。故选D。
15.B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人安全到达了避难所，这让每个人都感到欣慰。darkness意为“黑暗”，shelter意为“避难所”，ruin意为“废墟”，stair意为“(梯子的)一级”。根据下文“which comforted everyone”可知，这家人安全到达了避难所。故选B。
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