外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics Starting out课后检测练（含答案和解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics Starting out课后检测练（含答案和解析） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 19.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-27 13:15:38 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Unit 4 Everyday economics——Starting out
一、完成句子
1. The reason ________ there was that he was ill in bed. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2. We are living in an age __________________ on computer.
我们生活在许多事情在电脑上就可以做的时代。
3. I’ll never forget the days ________________together with you. 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。
4. The lab __________________is not far from here.
那个化学家经常做实验的那个实验室离这里不远。
5. The factory _____________________ fell down in the earthquake.
我父亲过去工作的那家工厂在地震中倒塌了。
二、完形填空
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business, ” still points to an important truth today—that business institutions have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions 1 this great prestige
One reason is that Americans 2 business as being more firmly based on the ideal of 3 than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major 4 of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are petition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American 6 such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition 7 the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断)of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for 8 . Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to 9 them like inferiors or slaves.
A 10 is often made between business, which is competitive, and 11 , which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important than democracy in preserving 12 .
Competition in business is also believed to 13 the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person 14 his or her social class petitive success is commonly seen as the American 15 to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)idea of inherited privilege.
1. A. qualify B. restrict C. impress D. possess
2. A. refer B. view C. reflect D. confirm
3. A. competition B. cooperation
C. admiration D. determination
4. A. result B. component
C. source D. resource
5. A. estimated B. respected C. admitted D. rejected
6. A. manners B. cultures
C. values D. customs
7. A. protects B. builds
C. illustrates D. presents
8. A. profits B. savings C. costs D. funds
9. A. attend B. treat C. serve D. charge
10. A. comment B. complaint
C. choice D. contrast
11. A. department B. government
C. business D. economy
12. A. security B. prices C. freedom D. discipline
13. A. strengthen B. define
C. cherish D. supervise
14. A. as a result of B. by means of
C. in terms of D. regardless of
15. A. contribution B. solution
C. alternative D. appeal
三、语法填空
BEIJING China will establish a new special economic zone in the 1. _______ (heavy)polluted province of Hebei to promote integration(一体化)with 2. _______ neighboring cities of Beijing and Tianjin, the government has announced.
The Xiongan New Area will be 3. _______ the same national importance as the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 4. _______ helped kick-start China’s economic reforms in 1980, the official Xinhua News Agency said, citing a circular released by the Chinese Cabinet.
The new special economic zone 5. _______ (locate)around 100km south-west of Beijing, close to the Hebei provincial capital of Shijiazhuang and will house some of Beijing’s relocated “non-capital functions”. It is currently only 100 square kilometers in area 6. _______ will eventually be expanded to 2, 000 square kilometers.
Beijing, home to 22 million people, 7. _______ (try)to control population growth and relocate industries and other non-capital functions to Hebei in the
8. _______ (come)years as part of its efforts to prevent pollution and crowdedness.
The removal of non-capital functions from Beijing is part of a greater strategy to integrate the development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei for a better economic structure, 9. _______ (clean)environment and improved public 10. _______ (serve).
答案和解析
一、完成句子
1.why he could not go
2.when many things are done
3.when I worked
4.where the chemist often does experiments
5.where my father used to work
二、完形填空
1.D。句意: 为什么商业机构拥有如此高的威望 qualify取得资格; restrict限制; impress给人印象; possess拥有, 占有。结合上文可知商业机构拥有很高的威望。故选D。
2.B。refer参考; view看待, 观察; reflect反映; confirm确认。结合下文business as being more firmly based on the ideal of可知, 美国人认为商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。短语view as意为“认为……是……”。故选B。
3.A。 competition竞争; cooperation合作; admiration钦佩; determination决心。结合下文competition is seen as the major. . . 可知, 此处指商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。故选A。
4.C。result结果; component组成部分; source来源; resource资源。结合下文of progress and prosperity by most Americans可知, 竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。故选C。
5.B。 estimated估计; respected尊重; admitted承认; rejected拒绝。结合上文内容可知, 商业机构拥有很高的威望, 那么有竞争力的商业机构就会受到尊重。故选B。
6.C。manners礼貌; cultures文化; values价值观念; customs习俗。结合后文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work列举的都是美国的价值观。故选C。
7.A。protects保护; builds创建; illustrates说明; presents呈现。根据上文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected可知, 竞争可以保护个人自由。故选A。
8.A。profits利润, 收益; savings储蓄, 存款; costs花费; funds资金。结合下文compete for the customers’ dollars可知, 企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。故选A。
9.B。句意: 在许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争的地方, 他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待顾客。 attend参加; treat对待; serve服务; charge收费。根据上文it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly可知, 此处指对待顾客的方式。故选B。
10.D。comment评论; complaint抱怨; choice选择; contrast对比。结合上下文可知, 商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。故选D。
11.B。department部门; government政府; business生意; economy经济。竞争性的商业代表着经济, 而政府往往必须是垄断性的, 由政府掌控。二者形成对比。下文中it is more supportive of freedom than government也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。故选B。
12.C。security安全; prices价格; freedom自由; discipline纪律。根据上文“由于商业竞争激烈, 许多美国人认为商业比政府更能支持自由, 尽管政府领导人是由人民选举出来的, 而企业领导人则不是。”可知, 此处是在讨论个人自由的问题, 故选C。
13.A。strengthen加强; define定义; cherish珍惜; supervise监督。结合下文Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person可知, 竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛, 胜利属于跑得最快的人, 那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。故选A。
14.D。as a result of由于; by means of依靠; in terms of按照; regardless of无论, 不顾。根据上文Competition is seen as an open and fair race可知, 竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛, 那么无论(regardless of)这个人的社会阶层背景如何, 成功总是属于跑得最快的人。故选D。
15.C。contribution贡献; solution解决方案; alternative选择; appeal呼吁。根据下文可知, 商业被视为机会平等观念的表达, 而不是继承特权的贵族观念。那么本句话应当表示“竞争是基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。其他选项不符合语境。故选C。
三、语法填空
1. heavily。考查副词。句意: 中国将在被严重污染的河北省建立一个新经济特区来加快和邻近城市——北京和天津的一体化进程。在英语中, 副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子, 本句中副词heavily作状语, 修饰形容词polluted。所以要填heavily。
2. the。考查定冠词。定冠词the表示特指, 不定冠词a/an表示泛指, 本句使用定冠词the特指河北省两个邻近的城市北京和天津。所以要填the。
3. of。考查固定结构。句意: 雄安新区将会和深圳特区有同样的国家重要性。固定结构“of+名词”=“该名词构成的形容词”, 所以句中的“of importance”=“important”表示重要的; 在句中作表语。所以要填of。
4. which。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 关系代词which指代先行词, 引导定语从句并在句中作主语。所以要填which。
5. is located。考查动词。句意: 这个新的经济特区位于大约北京西南100千米处, 靠近河北省会石家庄。短语be located意为“位于……”, 在句中作谓语, 所以要填is located。
6. but。考查连词。句意: 现在它只有100平方千米, 但是最终会拓宽至2 000平方千米。根据句意可知, 上下文之间是转折关系, 要用表示转折关系的连词。所以要填but。
7. is trying。考查时态。句意: 北京现在有2 200万人口, 在努力控制人口增长并在未来几年里向河北重新配置工业和其他非首都功能。本句叙述北京现在正在做的事情, 所以填is trying。
8. coming。考查形容词。形容词coming表示“即将到来的”, 在句中作定语, 修饰years, 表示未来的时间。所以要填coming。
9. cleaner。考查比较级。句意: 转移北京的非首都功能是整合北京、天津和河北省发展的一个伟大的策略, 是为了一个更好的工业结构, 更清洁的环境并提升公共服务。句中设空处与前面的better是并列成分, 所以要填cleaner。
10. service(s)。考查名词。在英语中, 动词的后面要接名词作宾语, 本句中要用serve的名词形式作动词improve的宾语, 所以要填service(s)
一、完成句子
1. The reason ________ there was that he was ill in bed. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2. We are living in an age __________________ on computer.
我们生活在许多事情在电脑上就可以做的时代。
3. I’ll never forget the days ________________together with you. 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。
4. The lab __________________is not far from here.
那个化学家经常做实验的那个实验室离这里不远。
5. The factory _____________________ fell down in the earthquake.
我父亲过去工作的那家工厂在地震中倒塌了。
二、完形填空
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business, ” still points to an important truth today—that business institutions have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions 1 this great prestige
One reason is that Americans 2 business as being more firmly based on the ideal of 3 than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major 4 of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are petition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American 6 such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition 7 the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断)of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for 8 . Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to 9 them like inferiors or slaves.
A 10 is often made between business, which is competitive, and 11 , which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important than democracy in preserving 12 .
Competition in business is also believed to 13 the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person 14 his or her social class petitive success is commonly seen as the American 15 to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)idea of inherited privilege.
1. A. qualify B. restrict C. impress D. possess
2. A. refer B. view C. reflect D. confirm
3. A. competition B. cooperation
C. admiration D. determination
4. A. result B. component
C. source D. resource
5. A. estimated B. respected C. admitted D. rejected
6. A. manners B. cultures
C. values D. customs
7. A. protects B. builds
C. illustrates D. presents
8. A. profits B. savings C. costs D. funds
9. A. attend B. treat C. serve D. charge
10. A. comment B. complaint
C. choice D. contrast
11. A. department B. government
C. business D. economy
12. A. security B. prices C. freedom D. discipline
13. A. strengthen B. define
C. cherish D. supervise
14. A. as a result of B. by means of
C. in terms of D. regardless of
15. A. contribution B. solution
C. alternative D. appeal
三、语法填空
BEIJING China will establish a new special economic zone in the 1. _______ (heavy)polluted province of Hebei to promote integration(一体化)with 2. _______ neighboring cities of Beijing and Tianjin, the government has announced.
The Xiongan New Area will be 3. _______ the same national importance as the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 4. _______ helped kick-start China’s economic reforms in 1980, the official Xinhua News Agency said, citing a circular released by the Chinese Cabinet.
The new special economic zone 5. _______ (locate)around 100km south-west of Beijing, close to the Hebei provincial capital of Shijiazhuang and will house some of Beijing’s relocated “non-capital functions”. It is currently only 100 square kilometers in area 6. _______ will eventually be expanded to 2, 000 square kilometers.
Beijing, home to 22 million people, 7. _______ (try)to control population growth and relocate industries and other non-capital functions to Hebei in the
8. _______ (come)years as part of its efforts to prevent pollution and crowdedness.
The removal of non-capital functions from Beijing is part of a greater strategy to integrate the development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei for a better economic structure, 9. _______ (clean)environment and improved public 10. _______ (serve).
答案和解析
一、完成句子
1.why he could not go
2.when many things are done
3.when I worked
4.where the chemist often does experiments
5.where my father used to work
二、完形填空
1.D。句意: 为什么商业机构拥有如此高的威望 qualify取得资格; restrict限制; impress给人印象; possess拥有, 占有。结合上文可知商业机构拥有很高的威望。故选D。
2.B。refer参考; view看待, 观察; reflect反映; confirm确认。结合下文business as being more firmly based on the ideal of可知, 美国人认为商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。短语view as意为“认为……是……”。故选B。
3.A。 competition竞争; cooperation合作; admiration钦佩; determination决心。结合下文competition is seen as the major. . . 可知, 此处指商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。故选A。
4.C。result结果; component组成部分; source来源; resource资源。结合下文of progress and prosperity by most Americans可知, 竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。故选C。
5.B。 estimated估计; respected尊重; admitted承认; rejected拒绝。结合上文内容可知, 商业机构拥有很高的威望, 那么有竞争力的商业机构就会受到尊重。故选B。
6.C。manners礼貌; cultures文化; values价值观念; customs习俗。结合后文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work列举的都是美国的价值观。故选C。
7.A。protects保护; builds创建; illustrates说明; presents呈现。根据上文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected可知, 竞争可以保护个人自由。故选A。
8.A。profits利润, 收益; savings储蓄, 存款; costs花费; funds资金。结合下文compete for the customers’ dollars可知, 企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。故选A。
9.B。句意: 在许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争的地方, 他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待顾客。 attend参加; treat对待; serve服务; charge收费。根据上文it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly可知, 此处指对待顾客的方式。故选B。
10.D。comment评论; complaint抱怨; choice选择; contrast对比。结合上下文可知, 商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。故选D。
11.B。department部门; government政府; business生意; economy经济。竞争性的商业代表着经济, 而政府往往必须是垄断性的, 由政府掌控。二者形成对比。下文中it is more supportive of freedom than government也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。故选B。
12.C。security安全; prices价格; freedom自由; discipline纪律。根据上文“由于商业竞争激烈, 许多美国人认为商业比政府更能支持自由, 尽管政府领导人是由人民选举出来的, 而企业领导人则不是。”可知, 此处是在讨论个人自由的问题, 故选C。
13.A。strengthen加强; define定义; cherish珍惜; supervise监督。结合下文Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person可知, 竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛, 胜利属于跑得最快的人, 那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。故选A。
14.D。as a result of由于; by means of依靠; in terms of按照; regardless of无论, 不顾。根据上文Competition is seen as an open and fair race可知, 竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛, 那么无论(regardless of)这个人的社会阶层背景如何, 成功总是属于跑得最快的人。故选D。
15.C。contribution贡献; solution解决方案; alternative选择; appeal呼吁。根据下文可知, 商业被视为机会平等观念的表达, 而不是继承特权的贵族观念。那么本句话应当表示“竞争是基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。其他选项不符合语境。故选C。
三、语法填空
1. heavily。考查副词。句意: 中国将在被严重污染的河北省建立一个新经济特区来加快和邻近城市——北京和天津的一体化进程。在英语中, 副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子, 本句中副词heavily作状语, 修饰形容词polluted。所以要填heavily。
2. the。考查定冠词。定冠词the表示特指, 不定冠词a/an表示泛指, 本句使用定冠词the特指河北省两个邻近的城市北京和天津。所以要填the。
3. of。考查固定结构。句意: 雄安新区将会和深圳特区有同样的国家重要性。固定结构“of+名词”=“该名词构成的形容词”, 所以句中的“of importance”=“important”表示重要的; 在句中作表语。所以要填of。
4. which。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 关系代词which指代先行词, 引导定语从句并在句中作主语。所以要填which。
5. is located。考查动词。句意: 这个新的经济特区位于大约北京西南100千米处, 靠近河北省会石家庄。短语be located意为“位于……”, 在句中作谓语, 所以要填is located。
6. but。考查连词。句意: 现在它只有100平方千米, 但是最终会拓宽至2 000平方千米。根据句意可知, 上下文之间是转折关系, 要用表示转折关系的连词。所以要填but。
7. is trying。考查时态。句意: 北京现在有2 200万人口, 在努力控制人口增长并在未来几年里向河北重新配置工业和其他非首都功能。本句叙述北京现在正在做的事情, 所以填is trying。
8. coming。考查形容词。形容词coming表示“即将到来的”, 在句中作定语, 修饰years, 表示未来的时间。所以要填coming。
9. cleaner。考查比较级。句意: 转移北京的非首都功能是整合北京、天津和河北省发展的一个伟大的策略, 是为了一个更好的工业结构, 更清洁的环境并提升公共服务。句中设空处与前面的better是并列成分, 所以要填cleaner。
10. service(s)。考查名词。在英语中, 动词的后面要接名词作宾语, 本句中要用serve的名词形式作动词improve的宾语, 所以要填service(s)