(共33张PPT)
1. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and even death.
severe adj. extremely bad or serious
极为恶劣的; 十分严重的
punishing sb. in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules
严厉的; 重的
not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb./sth.
严厉的; 苛刻的
e.g. His injuries are severe.
severe weather conditions
The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders.
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
【归纳】
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
【拓展】
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) He ________________ his children.
他对子女很严格。
2) You are too _________________ the boy.
你对那个男孩太严厉了。
3) 我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。
______________________________
is severe with
severe on (upon)
I felt a severe pain in the chest.
2. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
contradictory adj. containing or showing a contradiction
互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
他的叙述与事实矛盾。
【拓展】
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
3. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用。
e.g. My dream was that I could have a three-bedroom house in that city.
我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室的房子。
【思考】
请找出课文中的表语从句。
4. Snow subscribed to the second theory.
subscribe v. to agree to buy or pay for shares 认购(股份)
to pay an amount of money regularly in order to receive or use sth. 定期订购
to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work 定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助
e.g.
Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares.
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
【拓展】
subscribe to 同意, 赞成
e.g. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
【运用】翻译下面句子。
1) I subscribed to a few charities.
我捐助了一些慈善机构。
2) Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy
你是否同意她对经济状况所持的观点？
3) We subscribed to all the main medical journals.
我们订阅了所有主要的医学期刊。
5. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
本句是复合句, 其中discovered后跟that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中, 含有so…that….引导的结果状语从句。
6. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
1) suspect v.
to have an idea that sth. is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth. bad, but without having definite proof
疑有, 觉得(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
to have an idea that sb. is guilty of sth., without having definite proof 怀疑(某人有罪)
to be suspicious about sth.; to not trust sth.
怀疑; 感觉有问题; 不信任
【常用搭配】
suspect sth.
suspect sb. of doing sth.
suspect sb. to do sth.
suspect + that从句
e.g. I have no reason to suspect her honesty.
Pilcher is suspected of giving false information.
Who will suspect him to have broken the window
I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.
n. a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done sth. wrong 嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
e.g. He is the prime suspect in the case.
【运用】翻译下面句子。
1) 没有人知道谁偷了那笔钱，但警察怀疑是那个棕色头发的年轻人。
No one knows who took the money, but the police suspect the young man with brown hair.
2) 他曾被怀疑提供假信息。
He was suspected to have given false information. /
He was suspected of giving false information.
2) blame
v. to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad 责备; 指责; 把……归咎于
n. responsibility for doing sth. badly or wrongly; saying that sb. is responsible for sth. 责任; 责备; 指责
【归纳】
blame … for … 因……责备……
blame ... on ... 把……归咎于……
be to blame (for sth.) 对某事负有责任
lay / put the blame for ... on ... 把……归咎于……
bear / take / accept / get the blame for ... 为……承担责任
e.g.
The police laid / put the blame for the accident on the driver.
The company is ready to bear / take / accept / get the blame for what has happened.
e.g. Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.
You can't blame all your problems on your family.
Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.
【运用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。
Don’t ________ ________ if you miss the train.
2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
They __________ _______ _______ for the failure _______ George.
3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。
The hospital is investigating to find out _______ ______ ______ _______ for the accident.
to blame
blame me
laid/put the blame
who is
on
7. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
have sth. done 结构
so….that 引导结果状语从句
It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句
8. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
handle n.
the part of a door that you use for opening it 把手
the part of an object that you use for holding it 柄
e.g. turn the handle
the handle of a knife
v. to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a strong emotion
处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情)
to touch, hold or move sth. with your hands
触, 拿, 搬动
to control a vehicle, an animal, a tool, etc
控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
e.g. She's very good at handling her patients.
The label on the box said: ‘Fragile. Handle with care.’
I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
【拓展】
get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白
e.g. It’s difficult to get / have a handle on how widespread this problem is.
9. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
infect v. to make a disease or an illness spread to a person, an animal or a plant 传染; 使感染
to make sb. share a particular feeling
使感染(某种感情); 影响
e.g. People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others.
Lucy’s enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class.
【归纳】
be infected with 感染上……, 传染上……
【拓展】
infection n. 感染; 传染
infectious adj. 传染性的
10. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
link n. a connection between two or more people or things 联系; 连接
a relationship between two or more people, countries or organizations 关系; 纽带
e.g. We first cut the link between the two cities.
Is there a link between smoking and the disease
This company has strong trade links with Justin’s company.
link v. to make a physical or electronic connection between one object, machine, place, etc. and another
把……连接起来
if sth. links two things, facts or situations, or they are
linked, they are connected in some way
联系; 相关联
e.g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person.
【运用】 写出下面句子中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1) The road links all the new towns.
_______ ________________
2) For elderly people, TV is an important link with the outside world.
________ ________
名词 纽带
动词 将……连接起来
11. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
前后两个who均引导定语从句。
12. … and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
decrease v. to become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this
(使)变小, (使)减少
【归纳】
decrease (from…) to… 减少到……
decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decease in … 在……方面减少
n. the process of becoming less, or the amount by which something becomes less
减少; 减少的量
【归纳】
a decrease in… ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
e.g. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
13. We now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
thanks to with the help of; because of
幸亏，由于
e.g.
Thanks to your help, we succeeded．
It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
14. … Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
transform v. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it
使改观, 使变形, 使转化
【归纳】
transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
transform … with … 用……来改变……
e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy.
We can transform the world with our knowledge.
【拓展】
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
【运用】
根据括号内的汉语提示，完成下面句子（每空一词）。
1) Well, you've certainly ____________ _________ _________ (改变了这个村子) — it looks great!
2) In several decades, my hometown has been ____________ ________ (变成了) a major industrial city.
3) It's said that the shape of such a toy _______ _______________ (是可变形的).
4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) _____________ (改变).
transformation
transformed this village
transformed
into
is transformable(共28张PPT)
Unit 1
Unit 1
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
To get information about how John Snow defeated cholera
To summarize stages of scientific research
To talk about the significance and contribution of John’s work
There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Name some famous scientists you know and tell something about them.
Tu Youyou
She is the first Chinese Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize in any category, as well as the first Chinese person to receive the Lasker Award.
Stephen Hawking (1942-2018)
British scientist
worked on astronomy and studied black holes in space
Zhong Nanshan, who has been committed to the study, prevention and treatment of major respiratory diseases and significantly contributed to the COVID-19 fight, was recommended for the Medal of the Republic nomination.
COVID-19(新型冠状病毒): an infectious disease
In the early 19th century, an infectious disease similar to COVID-19 hit Europe.
Now, let's read the passage to get information about the infectious disease.
John Snow Defeated “King Cholera”
______ analyse the results
______ ask a question
______ draw a conclusion
______ collect data
______ find a problem
______ find supporting evidence
______ think of a method
Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in
5
2
7
4
1
6
3
What is cholera
Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea (腹泻), which can lead to dehydration (脱水) and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water containing a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. The disease is most common in places with poor sanitation (卫生设施), crowding and mon locations include parts of Africa, south Asia, and Latin America.
n. 霍乱
Here are some facts about cholera. Try to present them to your partners and consider whether they are the same as you expected.
1. Cholera can kill sufferers within a few hours if they are left untreated.
2. Researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 million to 4 million cases of cholera, and 21, 000 to 143, 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera.
3. Up to 80% of cases can be successfully treated with oral rehydration solution (口服补液).
4. Safe water and waste control can prevent cholera.
5. When there is an outbreak of cholera, it is important to focus on treatment and waste control.
6. Safe and effective cholera vaccines (疫苗) are now used to control the disease.
7. Today, no country requires proof of cholera vaccination as a condition for entry.
Skim the passage to see if the order you decided above was correct, and choose the main idea of the passage.
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
The source of all drinking water should be examined.
How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated it .
Use the stages in examining a new scientific idea to describe each paragraph.
draw a conclusion
find a problem
ask a question
collect data
find supporting evidence
What causes cholera
Which theory is correct
Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.
Find other evidence to confirm the conclusion.
The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.
Read the passage again and complete the chart below.
It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ______ or germs in ____________.
Snow ____________ the places where the people who _______ had lived.
Many deaths occurred near the ___________ in Broad Street.
Some people ________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _______
___________________.
The pump water carried ____________.
The ________ of the pump was removed.
air
food or water
marked on a map
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking
cholera germs
handle
A.
C.
B.
D.
E.
water from the pump
multiple deaths
happened here.
No death happened here.
The water from the pump
was to blame.
Public house
Clue: free beer from public house
Result:
The water came from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
1. conclusion ______
2. evidence ______
3. process ______
4. solution ______
5. theories ______
D
C
B
E
A
Read the passage again and tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Many people died of cholera before its cause was found. ( )
2. It was a fact that cholera spread in a cloud of gas. ( )
3. When cholera broke out in 1854, it spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods. ( )
4. The people who drank beer instead of water did not catch cholera. ( )
5. The water companies were asked to stop supplying polluted water to people. ( )
T
T
F
T
T
What questions would you ask to get the following answers
1. Q: What _________________________________
A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.
2. Q: Why __________________________________________
A: Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
3. Q: How _______________________________
A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.
caused cholera according to Snow
did Snow have the handle of the pump removed
was the cholera threat defeated
Below is a summary of the text with some words missing. Choose the right words from the box and make the summary complete. Then try to retell the story to your partners.
most, river, London, understood, water, sources
No one 1. __________ cholera and every time it came, thousands died. Queen Victoria’s doctor, John Snow, wanted to find out how it was caused. When the disease came to 2. ________ again in 1854, Snow
London
understood
noticed that 3. ________ of the 500 people who
died had drunk the water from a water pump in Broad Street. He concluded that the 4. ________ was to blame and found that the pump’s water came from a dirty 5. ________. After he stopped people from using the pump, people gradually stopped dying. Snow suggested all 6. ________ of water be checked and water companies take care not to supply people with dirty water. In this way, cholera was defeated.
most, river, London, understood, water, sources
sources
most
water
river
1. What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera What common medical tools, e.g. a microscope, didn't he use Why
He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred. He didn't use a microscope, for example. He
didn't test the water, nor did he draw blood or examine patients. The reason he did not use medical equipment such as a microscope was because they did not exist during his time. Further, understanding of germs and bacteria was still developing, and he had to innovate methods himself based on the theory he believed
2. How has John Snow’s work affected our daily lives
Snow's work has provided readily available clean water to drink, for example, as well as an emphasis on hlygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty. He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics, and transformed the way scientists study diseases, which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.
What spirits can we learn from a scientist like John Snow
creative
strict
patient
determined
positive
hard-working
confident
ambitious
…
概要写作
根据课本P2—P3内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
