外研版必修3 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Grammar课件（49张ppt）

(共49张PPT)
Module 5
Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions
of Ancien China
1. To learn relative clauses.
2. To compare the relative clauses: where, when, whose, who, which and the relative clauses: of whom, in which.
3. To learn how to give reasons.
Look at the sentences from passage. Try to find what the function of the underlined phrases are.
Observe and Learn
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
He came from a family which was very poor.
定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词或整个主句的从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose等）和关系副词（where, when, why）。
关系词在定语从句中的作用：①连接主句和定语从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词
的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省。）
1) A plane is a machine that can fly.
A plane is a machine which can fly.
2) Who was hurt in the accident that
happened yesterday
Who was hurt in the accident which
happened yesterday
2. which指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。
(which与that指物时可互换，that 更常见。)
1) His father works in a factory that
makes TV sets.
His father works in a factory which
makes TV sets.
2) The film (that) we saw last night was
very wonderful.
The film (which) we saw last night was
very wonderful.
which与that作主语_______(可以/不可以)省略; 作宾语_______(可以/不可以)省略。
不可以
可以
3. who 指人(即它的先行词必须是人), 从句中作主语或宾语。whom是宾格, 只能作_____。
The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.
He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.
宾语
He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.
The girls that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.
that有时也指人, 代替who, whom，可作主语或宾语。
2) Please show me the book. Its cover is red.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.
3) I’ll call a person. His father knows you.
I’ll call a person whose father knows you.
4. whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可
以代人也可以代物。
1) I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen.
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。
e.g. That was the very day when I first saw my niece Angela.
This is the factory where my father worked for thirty years.
Nobody knew the reason why Eva left the party so early.
关系代词与介词
介词放在关系代词的前面时, 介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。
(在末尾时, 关系词可以省略)
e.g. This is the hero (whom) we are proud of.
This is the hero (that) we are proud of.
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
She is the girl whom I went with there.
She is the girl that I went with there.
She is the girl with whom I went there.
The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big.
The room in which I live is very big.
The room where I live is very big.
注意:
固定动介词组不可分割, 介词不能提前。e.g. look after, look at, look for…
e.g. This is the pen which I’m looking for.
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。which用于指代
物，whom用于指代人。
e.g. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 　
关系代词前介词(介词＋which)的确定：
1. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who, whom, that
which, that
whose, of which
where
when
why
关系代词
关系副词
限制性定语从句的关系词
1. who follows a word referring to _____.
(a) a person (b) a thing
2. which follows a word referring to
_____.
(a) a thing (b) a person
(a)
(a)
Look at the sentences in activity 1. Choose the right answer.
3. Instead of which you can say ___.
(a) who (b) that
4. where follows a word that refers to ___.
(a) place (b) time
5. when follows a word that refers to ___.
(a) place (b) time
6. whose means ___.
(a) of whom (b) who
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
A where there were lots
of new ideas
B which Mencius gave.
C whose ideas were
very influential
D who lived an unusual
life.
E when there was a lot
of war.
1. Confucius lived in a century
2. Ancient China was a country
3. Some rulers followed the advice
4. Philosophers were people
5. Mozi was a man
Match the two parts of the sentences.
Complete each sentence with one of
these words.
1. Mencius wrote a book ______ many people have read.
2. Mencius came from a part of the world _______ change was happening fast.
which
where
who which when where whose
3. This was a period _______ many people became interested in Confucius’s teachings.
when
4. Mozi was a man ______ behavior was often unusual.
5. Mozi was a teacher ______ principles were different from those of Confucius.
whose
whose
who which when where whose
6. It was a time _______ philosophers could have positions in governments.
7. He came from an area _______ people were very poor.
where
when
Match sentences 1-4 with sentences A-D.
1. For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.
2. He is a man of whom China can be proud.
3. The book in which printing was first used was called The Diamond Sutra.
4. Su Song was an eleventh-century monk about whom very little is known.
A. Su Song was an eleventh-century monk who(m) very little is known about.
B. The book which printing first appeared in was called The Diamond Sutra.
C. For example, it is the country which silk was first invented in.
D. He is a man who(m) China can be proud of.
1: C 2: D 3: B 4: A
Rewrite these sentences as in the
examples in activity 1.
1. The man who(m) I am thinking of
invented the first real clock.
The man of whom I am thinking
invented the first real clock.
2. These are the leaves which silk is
made from.
These are the leaves from which silk is made.
This is the house in which the inventor lived.
4. This is the house which the inventor
lived in.
3. He is a person who(m) everyone has
heard of.
He is a person of whom everyone has heard.
1. We’re in the region. Printing was first invented in this region.
Connect these sentences using the
given phrases.
of which at which to whom
of whom in which
We’re in the region in which printing was first invented.
2. It is an invention. He is very proud of this invention.
It is an invention of which he is very proud.
of which at which to whom of whom in which
He is a man of whom I’m afraid because he has invented something dangerous.
3. He is a man. I am afraid of this man
because he has invented something
dangerous.
Is that the inventor to whom you were talking
4. The machine is very old. You are
looking at that machine.
The machine at which you’re looking is very old.
5. Is that the inventor You were
talking to him.
of which at which to whom of whom in which
1. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
Giving reasons
Look at these sentences. Underline the words that are the same in both sentences.
2. Often, the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not have enough love.
Rewrite the sentences.
I like reading about ancient China because the philosophy is very interesting.
The reason why I like reading about ancient China is that the philosophy is very interesting.
1. We remember the ancient philosophers because their ideas are important.
The reason why we remember the ancient philosophers is that their ideas are important.
2. I bought the book because it is about philosophy.
The reason why I bought the book is that it is about philosophy.
3. Mencius resigned because the ruler was not following his advice.
The reason why Mencius resigned was that the ruler was not following his advice.
4. Mozi hated the idea of war because he thought people should not kill each other.
The reason why Mozi hated the idea of war was that he thought people should not kill each other.
用适当的关系词填空。
Tai Dong is a small city in southeast Taiwan 1. ________ I grew up. My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2. ________ I was born. The house in 3. ________ I grew up is on a main street in Tai Dong. My father sold tea, and my mother had a small restaurant across from our house. A cousin of mine 4. ________ family I visited every summer lived with us.
where
when
which
whose
He was an apprentice (学徒) 5. _______________ my father was teaching the tea business to. On the first floor of our house we had a huge kitchen 6. ________ we all gathered for dinner. The bedrooms were upstairs. My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom. I slept in another 7. __________ I shared with Polly, the smartest bird 8. ________ I had ever seen.
whom /who /that
where
which /that
that
用适当的关系词填空。
1. The car was an invention ____________ changed the world.
2. I will always remember the days ___________ I spent with my grandmother.
3. The girl ___________ was talking to you is the boss's daughter.
4. Look! That's the man ________ son plays for Chelsea.
that /which
that /which
that /who
whose
5. This is the best movie ________ we have seen this year.
6. That wasn't the reason ________ your brother lied to you.
7. We all remember the days ________ we studied together at school.
8. The author ________________ you criticized in your review has written a reply.
9. We drove past the house ________ we used to live.
that
why
when
that /whom /who
where
用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。
1. Sarah didn't give the reason __________ she was late for school again.
2. The person ________ this letter was sent went abroad three years ago.
3. I will never forget the day ________ I joined the English Club.
4. Is this the village ________ the famous scientist was born
for which
to whom
on which
in which
1. We have entered into an age _______
dreams have the best chance of coming
true. (2019·江苏卷·单项填空)
A. which B. what C. when D. that
2. Their child is at the stage__________ she
can say individual words but not full
sentences. (2019·天津卷·单项填空)
A. why B. where C. which D. what
3. One afternoon where I was in primary
school, I was walking by the school
playground. (2019新课标Ⅰ短文改错)
4. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to
5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
______ she opened with her late husband
Les. (2019·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)
when
where
5. They were well trained by their masters
______ had great experience with caring
for these animals. (2019新课标Ⅲ·语法填空)
6. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves
in the historical environment what is
created for them. (2019新课标Ⅱ短文改错)
who
that/ which
7. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece
of cloth ___________ gives off light in the
dark. (2019浙江语法填空)
8. What students do at college seems to
matter much more than ________ they go.
(2019北京语法填空)
that/which
where
9. The students benefitting most from college
are those ________ are totally engaged(参
与) in academic life. (2019北京语法填空)
that/ who
Finish the exercises 1-3 on page 91.
Write a small passage with 7 sentences. At least 5 sentences are attributive clauses.