2022年中考英语阅读理解科技主题典例精讲课件（共22张PPT）

(共22张PPT)
2022中考英语阅读理解典例精讲
科技主题
标段落
划中文
划每段首句
阅读理解做题好习惯
细节理解题 主旨大意题
1、划 划出题干关键词：大写、人名、数字等 1、关注首尾段（或首尾句）
2、找关键词；高频词；转折词
3、串线法
2、定 ①定位段落 —— 一题一文法，文题顺序走 ②定位该段落句子 —— 找关键词
3、比 对比选项和原文
推理判断题 词义猜测题
1、整合全文（段）信息进行推断 2、利用语境的褒贬性进行推断 3、根据文章的结论推断作者的态度 4、根据上下文的逻辑得出结论 1、根据定义猜测词义
2、根据举例猜测词义
3、根据上下文关系（因果、并
列、同反义等）猜测词义
正确选项特征：同词复现、同义转换、符合常识 错误选项特征：以偏概全；主题扩大；无中生有
解题方法
1. When it comes to long-distance space travel, the biggest problem is that spaceships can only get as far as the fuel onboard allows. In 1964, a British writer Clarke came up with the idea of “solar sailing” in his science fiction. He wrote of large, mirror-like sails that collect power from the sun and free spaceships from the limitation of fuel.
2. This sci-fi idea was first successfully brought to reality (现实) in 2010 by Japan’s IKAROS satellite. Ever since then, the technology has improved mission by mission, with the latest being NASA’s Advanced Composite Solar Sail 3 (ACS3). NASA has recently announced that it's going to team up with Lithuania's satellite-building company Nano Avionics to test its new sail in low-Earth orbit.
3. To many, a solar sail(太阳帆) may look like a giant solar panel(太阳能电池板), but it actual works very differently. While solar panels take in energy from the sun and change it into power, solar sails use photons(光子) given off by the sun to create direct power. Besides, solar panels are big and heavy to carry, while solar sails are just the opposite.
4. According to Abbott, the CEO of NanoAvionics, the upcoming low-Earth orbit trial with NASA, if successful, will be followed with deep-space missions that involve larger solar sails. These are ideal for low-cost and long-distance space travel because fuel will no longer be a problem.
5. “It started as a sci-fi dream,” Popular Mechanics reporter Jennifer Leman wrote. “Now it could be the future of space flight.”
1. What can we say about solar sailing according to the first two paragraphs
A. It was widely used in space travel.
B. It was first tried by IKAROS satellite.
C. It was from the creative idea by Clarke.
2. Which of the following words best describe solar sails compared with solar panels
A. Big and heavy.
B. Small and light.
C. Powerful and large.
3. What does the underlined word These in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Larger solar sails.
B. Deep-space missions.
C. Long-distance space flights.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Solar Sail: the Latest Technology
B. Solar Sail: from Dream to Reality
C. Solar Sail: a New Kind of Spaceship
1. When it comes to long-distance space travel, the biggest problem is that spaceships can only get as far as the fuel onboard allows. In 1964, a British writer Clarke came up with the idea of “solar sailing” in his science fiction. He wrote of large, mirror-like sails that collect power from the sun and free spaceships from the limitation of fuel.
长途太空旅行，燃料问题
n. 燃料
fuel
/ fju l/
2. This sci-fi idea was first successfully brought to reality (现实) in 2010 by Japan’s IKAROS satellite. Ever since then, the technology has improved mission by mission, with the latest being NASA’s Advanced Composite Solar Sail 3 (ACS3). NASA has recently announced that it's going to team up with Lithuania's satellite-building company Nano Avionics to test its new sail in low-Earth orbit.
这个想法实现
3. To many, a solar sail(太阳帆) may look like a giant solar panel(太阳能电池板), but it actual works very differently. While solar panels take in energy from the sun and change it into power, solar sails use photons(光子) given off by the sun to create direct power. Besides, solar panels are big and heavy to carry, while solar sails are just the opposite.
太阳帆和电池板的不同
4. According to Abbott, the CEO of NanoAvionics, the upcoming low-Earth orbit trial with NASA, if successful, will be followed with deep-space missions that involve larger solar sails. These are ideal for low-cost and long-distance space travel because fuel will no longer be a problem.
5. “It started as a sci-fi dream,” Popular Mechanics reporter Jennifer Leman wrote. “Now it could be the future of space flight.”
太阳帆，深空任务
梦想实现
长途太空旅行，燃料问题
这个想法实现
太阳帆和电池板不同
太阳帆，深空任务
梦想实现
太阳帆让长途太空旅行能够实现
文章关键词：
solar sail

文章结构分析
1. When it comes to long-distance space travel, the biggest problem is that spaceships can only get as far as the fuel onboard allows. In 1964, a British writer Clarke came up with the idea of “solar sailing” in his science fiction. He wrote of large, mirror-like sails that collect power from the sun and free spaceships from the limitation of fuel.
1. What can we say about solar sailing according to the first two paragraphs
A. It was widely used in space travel.
B. It was first tried by IKAROS satellite.
C. It was from the creative idea by Clarke.
细节理解题
无中生有
1. What can we say about solar sailing according to the first two paragraphs
A. It was widely used in space travel.
B. It was first tried by IKAROS satellite.
C. It was from the creative idea by Clarke.
2. This sci-fi idea was first successfully brought to reality (现实) in 2010 by Japan’s IKAROS satellite. Ever since then, the technology has improved mission by mission, with the latest being NASA’s Advanced Composite Solar Sail 3 (ACS3). NASA has recently announced that it's going to team up with Lithuania's satellite-building company Nano Avionics to test its new sail in low-Earth orbit.
B.
细节理解题
1. When it comes to long-distance space travel, the biggest problem is that spaceships can only get as far as the fuel onboard allows. In 1964, a British writer Clarke came up with the idea of “solar sailing” in his science fiction. He wrote of large, mirror-like sails that collect power from the sun and free spaceships from the limitation of fuel.
1. What can we say about solar sailing according to the first two paragraphs
A. It was widely used in space travel.
B. It was first tried by IKAROS satellite.
C. It was from the creative idea by Clarke.
C.
C
细节理解题
3. To many, a solar sail(太阳帆) may look like a giant solar panel(太阳能电池板), but it actual works very differently. While solar panels take in energy from the sun and change it into power, solar sails use photons(光子) given off by the sun to create direct power. Besides, solar panels are big and heavy to carry, while solar sails are just the opposite.
2. Which of the following words best describe solar sails compared with solar panels
A. Big and heavy.
B. Small and light.
C. Powerful and large.
B
推理判断题
B.
4. According to Abbott, the CEO of NanoAvionics, the upcoming low-Earth orbit trial with NASA, if successful, will be followed with deep-space missions that involve larger solar sails. These are ideal for low-cost and long-distance space travel because fuel will no longer be a problem.
3. What does the underlined word These in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Larger solar sails.
B. Deep-space missions.
C. Long-distance space flights.
B
词意猜测题
B.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Solar Sail: the Latest Technology
B. Solar Sail: from Dream to Reality
C. Solar Sail: a New Kind of Spaceship
B
主旨大意题
fuel / fju l/ n. 燃料
give off 发出，散发出
ideal /a di l/ adj. 完美的；理想的；最合适的
involve / n v lv/ v. 包含；需要
mission / m n/ n. 任务，旅行
opposite / p z t/ adj. 相反的；迥然不同的
reality /ri l ti/ n. 现实；实际情况
solar / s l (r)/ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
词汇积累
Think about all the other service workers we have in this community, We have people who collect waste and rubbish and keep our community sanitary, We have road workers who put up and repair traffic signs and fix holes in the streets to protect not just us, but our cars! And where would this community be without the teachers in our school and the doctors, and nurses in our community hospitals
3. What does the underlined word "sanitary" mean
Clean. B. Safe.
C. Quiet. D. Busy.
A
猜测词义拓展练习
Plastic bags are often used in our everyday life. The number of used plastic bags is increasing day by day. We like to use plastic bags because they are convenient. When we get home, we throw the plastics away. These are called "white pollution", as most plastics are white. Rubber is also common in our daily life. Many of our products are made of rubber, just like the tyres（轮胎） and the bottom part of our shoes. It's true that rubber plays an important role in our life. However, it also brings us some trouble when it has been used for a long time. The old rubber pollutes environment very badly because it can't break down easily in nature --- it will stay unchanged for a long time. This is really a big problem all over the world.
3．What does the underlined phrase "break down" mean in Chinese
A. 中断 B. 影响 C. 利用 D. 分解
D
Some people take risks simply because it makes them feel good. Psychologist (心理学家) Marvin says that this kind of explorers (探险者) are always looking for change and excitement. When people do something new or risky, a chemical (化学物质) in the brain creates a pleasant feeling. They love this feeling and want to experience it as often as possible.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. The brain. B. Something new.
C. A chemical. D. A pleasant feeling.
D
Every week, the team go along the river to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river. Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station, while some that can be reused is sold. So far, they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste. Thanks to their hard work, the Yangtze River is getting clearer.
2. What does the underlined word “disposal” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. 处理 B. 传播 C. 救护 D. 保养
A
1. When it comes to long-distance space travel, the biggest problem is that spaceships can only get as far as the fuel onboard allows. In 1964, a British writer Clarke came up with the idea of “solar sailing” in his science fiction. He wrote of large, mirror-like sails that collect power from the sun and free spaceships from the limitation of fuel.
写作佳句
_______________ COVID-19, the biggest problem is ____________
_______________.
提到新冠病毒，最大的问题是我们应该如何保护自己。
When it comes to
how we should
protect ourselves
When it comes to… 当提到…的时候
写作积累