Module 4 Great Scientists Grammar & Function PPT课件（53张ppt）

(共53张PPT)
Module 4
Module 4
Great Scientists
The Passive Voice
To review the passive voice
To learn by + -ing form
To learn to talk about numbers
Study the sentences and answer the questions.
a. Rice is grown in many other Asian countries.
b Researchers were brought in from all
over China.
c. The research was supported by the government.
d. In Pakistan rice will be grown in many
parts of the country.
e. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.
Which sentence is in the present simple (passive voice)
Which sentences are in the past simple (passive voice)
Which sentence refers to the future
Which sentence is in the present perfect
Which sentences are easy to transform into the active voice Why
c and e, because we can easily find the
subject of the active voice after “by”.
a
b and c
d
e
句子用主动语态还是被动语态，需要看句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是谓语动作的承受者，动词就需要用被动语态。
被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的，其中 “be” 随主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。
被动语态(Passive Voice)
根据例句归纳各种时态的被动语态结构。
1. Our teachers are respected by us.
2. He will be beaten by me.
3. Paper was first invented in China.
动词形式 时 态
一般现在时
一般将来时
一般过去时
am, is, are + 过去分词
will/shall + be + 过去分词
was, were + 过去分词
4. They really have been poorly paid.
5. Production costs had been greatly reduced.
动词形式 时 态
现在完成时
过去完成时
has/have + been +过去分词
had been + 过去分词
6. A new railway is being built.
7. The roads were being widened.
动词形式 时 态
现在进行时
过去进行时
am/ is/are +being +过去分词
was/were +being +过去分词
Look! There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away.
I was born in 1991.
She is liked by everybody.
不知道或不必提出动作的执行者
强调动作的承受者
When will we use passive voice
He is said to be a good teacher.
Dan has been worried all week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station.
习惯用法
行文的需要
The crude oil is heated and passed into a distillation column.
科技文体中多用被动语态
原油被加热后送进分馏塔。
Make sentences using the correct tense of the passive voice.
1. These computers / produce / in America
These computers are produced in America.
2. Rice / grow / in China / for / thousands of years
Rice has been grown in China for thousands of years.
3. These electronic games / make / in Japan
These electronic games are made in Japan.
4. A new variety of rice / discover / in 1970
A new variety of rice was discovered in 1970.
5. Many important discoveries / make / since / the beginning of last century
Many important discoveries have been made since the beginning of last century.
Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets.
As a boy he _____________ (educate) in many schools.
He ______________ (give) the nickname, “the student who asks questions”.
The results of his experiments ____________ (publish) in China in 1966.
was educated
was given
were published
4. Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant _____________ (discover).
5. 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields _____________ (convert) to growing vegetables.
6. Following this, Yuan Longping’s rice _____________ (export) to other countries.
was discovered
were converted
was exported
Write questions based on the information in activity 3 (last exercise).
1. Where ___________________________
2. What ____________________________
3. When ___________________________
____________________
4. When ____________________________
_____________________
was he educated (as a boy)
nickname was he given
were the results of his experiments published (in China)
was a naturally sterile male rice plant finally discovered
5. How many _________________________
__________________________________
6. Where ____________________________
__________________________________
square kilometres of rice plant finally discovered
was Yuan Longping’s rice
exported
Now work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
1. 短语动词的被动语态：
e.g. That old man was often laughed at.
The doctor has been sent for.
有些动词和后面的介词或副词关系紧密，构成一个短语动词。短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组, 在被动结构中也是如此, 不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
被动语态考点点拨
1. 一定要充分利用时间。(make use of)
Time must be made good use of.
2. 那个计划就要被他们放弃了。(give up)
The plan will be given up by them.
3. 孩子将被很好地照顾。(take good care of)
The children will be taken good care of.
【语境应用】汉译英。
e.g. He must be prevented from going.
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
The sick should be taken good care of during the outbreak of novel coronavirus.
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为: “情态 动词 + be + 动词过去分词”
【语境应用】改错:
Such things needn’t talked.
Such things needn’t be talked about.
2. The books may kept for two weeks by you.
The books may be kept for two weeks by you.
e.g. She heard him sing a song just now.
-- He was heard to sing a song just now.
He made me repeat the story.
-- I was made to repeat the story.
3. 主动句中的宾语如果是不带to的不定式, 在变成被动句中的主语补足语时, to不能省去。
1. I noticed him cross the street.
He was noticed to cross the street.
2. They often help me clean the room.
I am helped to clean the room.
3. We often see her read English in the morning.
She is often seen to read English in the morning.
【语境应用】将下列句子改为被动态。
The door was locked by the monitor.
The door was locked.
The composition was written with great care.
The composition is well written.
Look at the following sentences:
4. 区别被动语态和系表（系动词+过去分词）结构
被动语态表示动作, 句子主语是动作对象;
“连系动词 + 表语(过去分词)” 表示状态, 其中过去分词相当于形容词, 因此被动语态可以有多种时态, 而“连系动词 + 表语”中的只有一般时态和完成时态。
They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _____ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. (2019江苏)
will install B. will have been installed
C. are installed D. have been installed
2. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. (2019天津)
is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
Fill in the blanks.
1. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ____________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. (2019新课标III卷)
was invited
2. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. ( 2018北京)
3. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan __________________ (carry out) in the past two years. (2018江苏)
had been trapped
had been carried out
4. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________________ (invent) yet. (2018北京)
5. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, __________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. (2018天津)
hadn’t been invented
is regarded
6. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _________________ (follow). (2018江苏)
7. The giant panda 61. ________ (love) by people throughout the world. (2018四川)
8. I _________ (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend. (2017北京)
was being followed
is loved
have read
Look at the sentence and decide which question the underlined phrase answers.
He thought he could produce more rice by crossing different species of plant.
by+ing form
What could he produce
Why should he produce more rice
How could he produce more rice
by 与动词-ing连用，译为“通过……”。表示某种方式。
e.g. By helping them we are helping to save
ourselves.
选D。空格处所填的词与making并列，同作by的宾语，故用动词-ing形式。题意为“人通过出错并改正错误来学习语言。”
One learns a language by making mistakes and _____ them.
A. corrects B. correct
C. to correct D. correcting
【语境应用】单项选择
Rewrite the sentences by changing the underlined phrases with a phrase beginning with by+ing.
Example:
You can get a good job if you study hard.
You can get a good job by studying hard.
1. Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China. He discovered a new type of rice.
Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China by discovering a new type of rice.
Researchers learn things by carrying out experiments.
2. Researchers learn things when they
carry out experiments.
3. They changed the design and so they built a better engine.
By changing the design they built a better engine.
You will become a better pianist by practising often.
4. You will become a better pianist if you
practise often.
5. If we plan for the future we can be happy in the present.
By planning for the future we can be happy in the present.
Conclusion: by + -ing form 结构可以和从句相互转化；使用by+ -ing form 可以使句式简化。
英语中一千以上的数字读法如下：从后向前数，每三位数都有一个“，”。其中，第一个“，”前为thousand; 第二个为million; 第三个为billion。
Function
Talking about numbers
1,238,687,241读作
one billion, two hundred and thirty-eight million, six hundred and eighty-seven thousand, two hundred and forty-one。
分数表达：
1. 先分子，后分母；
2. 分子用基数，分母用序数；
3. 分子大于1时，分母后加s。
4. 如果分母是2或4，可分别用half和quarter代替。
1/3读作one third;
3/4读作three-fourths或three quarters;
1/2读作a half。
带分数需在分数前加整数和and。如：
读作three and two-fifths。
百分数的读法：
百分号读作percent，小数点常读作point 。如：
30% → thirty percent
53.2% → fifty three point two percent
可借助下面的“口诀”来帮助记忆：
※ 读大数字的“口诀”：
从右向左三逗开，一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；三位分开用百读，包准又快又清楚。
※ 分数表达法“口诀”：
分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母加-s。带分数莫着急，前加整数就可以。分母若是2和4，half, quarter可代替。
Choose the correct way of saying the numbers.
5,000,000
(a) five million
(b) five millions
Notes：在表示数字时，若是hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有具体的数字时，这些词只可用单数形式。
2. 47.5%
(a) forty seven half percent
(b) forty seven point five percent
3. 632
(a) six hundred and thirty two
(b) six hundred thirty two
4. 4/5
(a) four fifths (b) four five
Read the sentences aloud.
Rice was first grown about 5,000 years ago.
China exports about 1.5% of its rice.
Australia produces about 250,000 tons of rice.
2/3 of the world’s population regularly eat rice.
I. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下面句子。
1. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _____________ (are dropped / drop).
2. I like these English songs and they _______________ (have been taught / have taught) many times on the radio.
are dropped
have been taught
3. The water __________ (is felt / felt) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
4. An exhibition of paintings is __________ (held / to be held) at the museum next week.
5. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________________ (haven’t invented / hadn’t been invented) yet.
6. Nowadays, cycling along with jogging and swimming, ___________ (is regarded / regards) as one of the best all-round exercises.
felt
to be held
hadn’t been invented
is regarded
II. 将下面句子的划线部分改为含“by+动词-ing”形式的短语。
1. I study English when I read English newspapers.
_________________________________
_________________________________
2. We can help more people if we train local doctors and nurses.
__________________________________
__________________________________
I study English by reading English newspapers.
We can help more people by training local doctors and nurses.
3. The patient got better soon when he followed the doctor’s advice.
___________________________________
___________________________________
4. Tim finally got a satisfying score because
he studied hard.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
The patient got better soon by following the doctor’s advice.
Tim finally got a satisfying score by studying hard.
Finish exercises on page 85.