【教案】Unit 2 Improving yourself 读后续写 心理描写 外研版2019 选择性必修第二册
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| 名称 | 【教案】Unit 2 Improving yourself 读后续写 心理描写 外研版2019 选择性必修第二册 |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 Improving yourself
读后续写 心理描写
外刊输入——悟语言之道
Plot a Path to Philadelphia
The United States is an enormous country with lots of culture and places to explore, so there is no denying that it is complex to decide where to study. Philadelphia, located in the northeastern US, is an underrated gem (被低估的宝藏) with much to offer. As one of the oldest US cities, its history and cultural diversity make it a standout destination for international students.
·History and the city
Because Philadelphia is one of the first cities established in the United States, it's easy to engage yourself in American history and culture. You'll get access to endless things, from the Liberty Bell and Ben Franklin's house to the Art Museum steps, made famous by the movie Rocky, which will surely be a culture shock.
Generally speaking, a World Heritage City is a zone or an area that is recognized as having “outstanding universal value”. As the first World Heritage City in the US, Philadelphia is significant to global as well as American culture. This means a combination of great history, arts and culture that are important to our global society.
·Relative affordability (可承受性)
Philadelphia is more affordable and reasonable than New York or Washington DC. Instead of costing an arm and a leg, compared with New York and Washington DC, your expenses will be 81 percent less and 59 percent less, which means your money will go further even on a tight budget. Plus, a weekend getaway is only a bus or train ride away—it's only an hour to the beach town of Ocean City or to the Pocono mountains.
·Youth culture
Philadelphia is a city of colleges with a thriving (繁荣的) culture for young people, where they can not only feel at home but also get involved in various activities. It's home to the second highest number of colleges in the nation, including more than 100 colleges and universities. Philadelphia's recent boom of young people has created numerous opportunities for both work and play.
·Career opportunities
Philadelphia is a center for diverse industries. Name your field of interest—healthcare, technology, education advisor, communications, finance or the arts—and Philadelphia has an opportunity to help you grow, explore your career and realize your ambition. For international students, this means a chance to gain meaningful internship that could be crucial for your resume and optimistic outlook of your career.
·Cultural diversity
Philadelphia is a diverse city with different cultures. Out of the 1.5 million residents of Philadelphia, 23 percent speak a language other than English. The first time international students get exposed to such tremendous diversity, they will immediately feel the dramatic influence!
In summary, if you are motivated to be more competent, whether you're studying in the US or just exploring, Philadelphia is a great place to be.
1.重点词汇再现
(1)deny v. 否认
(2)complex adj. 复杂的
(3)engage v. 参与
(4)culture shock 文化冲击
(5)generally speaking 一般来说
(6)zone n. 地区
(7)reasonable adj. 合理的
(8)cost an arm and a leg 花一大笔钱
(9)expense n. 开销
(10)budget n. 预算
(11)feel at home 舒服自在
(12)get involved in 参与
(13)boom n. 繁荣
(14)advisor n. 顾问
(15)ambition n. 抱负
(16)gain v. 获得
(17)optimistic adj. 乐观的
(18)outlook n. 前景
(19)expose v. 使体验
(20)tremendous adj. 巨大的
(21)dramatic adj. 巨大的
(22)in summary 总之
(23)motivate v. 激发
(24)competent adj. 有能力的
2．重点句型再现：名词词组作连词，引导时间
状语从句
The first time international students get exposed to such tremendous diversity, they will immediately feel the dramatic influence!
国际学生第一次接触到如此丰富的(文化)多样性，他们会立即感受到其巨大的影响！
迷你语料库(Mini Corpus)
序号 佳句呈现 赏析
1 It was the first time that she had left China. 句型描写第几次做某事。特别注意时态问题，主句用一般现在时，that从句需要用现在完成时；主句用一般过去时，that 从句需要用过去完成时。
2 I was very excited but also quite nervous. 心理描写——兴奋和紧张掺杂的心情。
3 My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation. 描写目标是什么。
4 Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. 描写学生应该做的事情。特别注意动词的连动用法。generate ideas意为“提出想法”；offer examples意为“举例子”；apply concepts意为“应用概念”；raise questions意为“提出问题”；give presentations意为“做展示”。
5 At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 描写人物的心情及行为的转变。had no idea what she should say意为“不知道应该说什么”；句中what引导主语从句；“found herself speaking up”为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾补为speaking_up，和宾语构成主动关系。
6 While I am learning about business, I'm also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us. 描写人物在文化交流中的作用。act as意为“充当”；a cultural messenger意为“文化使者”。
7 Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater. 表达支持或反对的观点。although引导让步状语从句。
8 Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing more families an arm and a leg. 描写高昂的学费及生活费用。“much more expensive”中的much可以修饰比较级，表示强烈的对比。end up doing...意为“以做……结束”；cost an arm and a leg为俚语，意为“花一大笔钱”。
9 Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills. 描写适应新环境。unfamiliar adj.意为“不熟悉的”；limited adj.意为“有限的”。
10 Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 描写新文化环境中会遇到的困难。suffer from意为“遭受……的痛苦”；when learning...为状语从句的省略，补充完整应该为when they_are learning...；how to do 构成宾语从句。
11 Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. 描写学生处于新环境遇到的困难及心情变化。handle the challenges意为“应对挑战”。
12 In addition，different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students. 描写学生在新环境中学习遇到的困难。approach在此处为名词，意为“方式、方法”，其后to为介词，要加v. ing形式；a shock为抽象名词具体化，故用不定冠词a。
13 There are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard！ 描写人物不怕困难、乐观的心理和品质。
14 Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence. 描写国外留学的好处。单个v. ing作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。a global perspective意为“全球视野”；general competence意为“综合能力”。
15 Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. 描写和不同文化背景的人合作的好处。单个v. ing作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。view the world from different angles意为“从不同的角度看世界”；gives us more insight into our own culture意为“让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解”。
16 China's global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world. 描写中国影响力、民族自信。global outlook意为“国际视野”；the Belt and Road Initiative意为“一带一路倡议”。
17 Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages, have leadership and organisational skills, and have strong cultural awareness. 描写新形势下中国发展的需求。句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词more talented young people。be highly competent with languages意为“有很强的语言能力”；have leadership and organisational skills意为“有领导力和组织能力”；have strong cultural awareness意为“有强烈的文化意识”。
18 Studying abroad helps to build character and increase people's understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. 描写国外留学的好处。单个v. ing作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。build character意为“塑造品格”；increase people's understanding of cultural diversity意为“增进人们对文化多样性的理解”；while strengthening...为状语从句的省略；build a shared future意为“构建共同的未来”。
19 I think this life changing experience is certainly worthwhile. 描写经历非常有益。
读后续写精炼篇：心理描写
一、写作微技能：心理描写
心理描写可以分为两类：概括描写及细节描写。
概括描写是指对一个事件或场景的总体描写，将意思表达清楚。细节描写则是对事件、人物、心情的具体描写，使描写更加生动，有画面感。
1．概括描写：
常见的情绪形容词：
积极情绪和消极情绪 兴奋的 excited thrilled overjoyed
开心的 delighted happy joyful
感激的 grateful thankful
满意的 satisfied pleased content
好奇的 curious
渴望、热切 eager keen
镇静的 calm composed
失望的 disappointed
愧疚的 guilty ashamed
焦虑、紧张 nervous anxious
吃惊、震惊 amazed surprised astonishedshocked
疲惫的 tired exhausted
担心的 concerned worried
困惑的 puzzled confused
尴尬的 embarrassed awkward
恐慌、害怕 panicked scared frightened fearful alarmed terrified
难过、悲伤 unhappy upset sad heartbroken
失望、沮丧、绝望 disappointed discouraged frustrateddepressed desperate
生气、愤怒 annoyed angry furious
2.细节描写：
(1)常见的情绪名词：
积极情绪和消极情绪 兴奋 excitement thrill
开心 delight happiness
感激 gratitude thanks
满意 satisfaction pleasure
好奇 curiosity
渴望、热切 eagerness
镇静 calmness
失望 disappointment
愧疚 guilt
焦虑、紧张 nervousness anxiety
吃惊、震惊 amazement surprise astonishmentshock
疲惫 tiredness exhaustion
担心 concern worry
困惑 puzzlement confusion
尴尬 embarrassmentawkwardness
恐慌、害怕 panic scare fright fear terror horror
难过、悲伤 upset sadness sorrowgrief
失望、沮丧、绝望 disappointment discouragementfrustration depression
生气、愤怒 annoyance angerrage
(2)通过增加动作添加细节：
动作描写是描写人物、凸显人物性格的有力手段，利用恰当的词语对表达人物心理和性格特征有很大的帮助。
【即学即练】
1．完成句子
(1)一看到凶猛的狼，她吓得睁大了眼睛。
At the sight of the fierce wolf, her eyes_were_wide_open_with_fear．
(2)一看到凶猛的狼，我感到如此害怕以至于我吓得一动不敢动。
At the sight of the fierce wolf, I felt so scared that_I_froze_with_terror．
2．句式升级
(1)概括描写：我很紧张。 I was extremely nervous.
细节描写：我如此紧张以至于心跳加速，头脑一片空白。
I was so nervous that my_heart_began_to_race and my_mind_went_blank．
(2)概括描写：一听到那个坏消息，她很悲伤。
Upon hearing the bad news, she felt extremely sad.
细节描写：一听到那个坏消息，她心痛不已，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
Upon hearing the bad news，her_heart_ached,_tears streaming_down_her_cheeks．
二、牛刀小试：策略引领，演练读后续写“6＋3”模式
【典题精析】
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
French Punishment
It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school, when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf. The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off. What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique, which was handed down through generations from the 18th century. It was also his mother's favourite possession. To cover his terrible action, the terrified boy glued the pieces together hastily and put the vase back to its place.
As the mother herself dusted the vase every day, she naturally noticed the cracks (裂纹) that evening. To her surprise, the repair work was actually very good. At dinner time, she asked her boy if he broke the vase. Fearing punishment, the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbour's cat jumped in from the window and he couldn't drive it away no matter how hard he tried. It raced around the living room and finally knocked the vase off its shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son was lying, for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned. However, in the face of her son's nervous eyes and the suspicious looks of the other family members, Ben's mother remained calm. She realized she shouldn't just simply blame and punish her son for lying. She came up with an idea.
Before going to bed, the boy found a note from his mother in his room, asking him to go to the study at once. The boy thought he would now be punished but, as he had already lied, he was determined to deny everything to the end, no matter how angry his mom became.
In the study, calmly bathed in the light, his mother's face showed no sign of anger. On seeing her son push open the door and cautiously enter, she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The mother said, “This chocolate is a reward for your imagination: a window opening cat！”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．一审——审要素
时态 一般过去时
六要素 When one day
Where in a_ French _family
Who BenBen's mom
What Ben accidentally threw_the_ball at the vase, which dropped_to_the_floor and a large piece broke_off．Ben glued_the_pieces_together hastily and put the vase back.When asked by his mom, Ben lied that it's was the_neighbour's_cat that knocked the vase off the shelf.Though knowing Ben was lying, Mom remained calm and came_up_with an idea.
六要素 Why She realized she shouldn't just simply_blame_and_punish_her_son_for_lying．
How How would Mom help Ben realize and admit his mistake？
2.二定——定主题
主题：His kind and considerate mom helped Ben realize and admit his mistake in a smart way.
3．三推测——推测段首句定基调
(1)标出段首句的关键词
第一段：The mother said, “This chocolate is a_reward for your imagination:_a window opening cat！”
第二段：Now with_some_chocolates_in_hand,_the boy's bad_attitude_disappeared.
(2)推测第一段和第二段的结局。尤其关注第二段的段首句，做到第一段和第二段的逻辑性衔接。
根据第一段的段首句可知，妈妈打算用巧克力作为奖励，仅仅表扬本(Ben)的优点。
根据第二段的段首句可知，妈妈表扬了不止一点，并且这些表扬让本意识到了自己的错误，态度发生了改变。
通过以上可推测：
第一段的结局：妈妈表扬了本的若干优点，每个优点奖励一块巧克力。
第二段的结局：妈妈特殊的“惩罚”方式让本意识到了自己的错误，并且勇于承认错误。
4．四构思——每段3分天下
按照每段三个层次，构思每一段的情节。
第一段 本的反应——仍然害怕妈妈的惩罚，对妈妈敌对
妈妈继续奖励本，本的态度有所缓和
妈妈继续奖励本
第二段 本的态度彻底改变了
本意识到了自己的错误，并且勇敢地向妈妈道歉
升华：妈妈特别的教育方式起到了意想不到的作用
5.五遣词造句——连词成句，连句成文
(1)高级词汇及语块
①race_v. 快速跳动
②pretend v. 假装
③annoyed adj. 恼火的
④judgement n. 判断
⑤battle n. 战斗
⑥continue v. 继续
⑦gently adv. 温柔地
⑧reaction n. 反应
⑨hesitation n. 迟疑
⑩trick v. 戏弄；欺骗
reward n. 奖励；回报
bother v. 困扰；打扰
discover v. 发现
guilt n. 愧疚
enormous adj. 巨大的
contain v. 克制；抑制
eventually adv. 最终
apologize v. 道歉
puzzlement/confusion n. 疑惑
explain v. 解释
stick_one's_hands_in_the_pockets 手放口袋里
be_ready_for 做好准备
refuse_to_do_sth. 拒绝做某事
reach_for 伸手去拿
lower_one's_head 低头
utter_a_single_word 说出一个字
admit_one's_mistake 承认错误
pat_sb._on_the_back 拍某人的背
(2)亮点句型及高级结构
①with复合结构
心跳加速，男孩假装很生气。
With_his_heart_racing,_the boy pretended to be annoyed.
②v. ing作状语，和句子的主语构成主动关系
犹豫不决地盯着巧克力，他想知道她是不是在欺骗他。
Staring_at_the_chocolates with hesitation,_he tried to tell whether she was_tricking him.
③动词的联动
他低下头，嘴巴动了好几下，但一句话也说不出来。
He lowered his head, mouthed several times but couldn't utter_a_single_word.
④so...that...句型，表示“如此……以至于……”
他心中的愧疚如此之大，以至于他再也抑制不住了。
Guilt in his mind was so_enormous_that he could hardly contain any more.
⑤独立主格结构
最后，他承认了自己的错误并道歉，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
Eventually, he admitted_his_mistakes and apologized,_tears_rolling_down_his_cheeks.
⑥with＋抽象意义的情绪名词作状语
男孩疑惑地抬起眼睛。
The boy raised his eyes with_puzzlement/confusion．
6．六成文——誊写清晰，字迹工整
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
The mother said, “This chocolate is a reward for your imagination: a window opening cat！” With his heart racing, the boy pretended to be annoyed by her “false judgement”， and stuck his hands in the pockets, “But it's not my imagination...” While he was ready for a battle, the mother, taking out the second piece, gently continued, “This one is for your quick reaction at dinner.” Staring at the chocolates with hesitation, he tried to tell whether she was tricking him. Still, he refused to reach for his reward. It didn't bother the mother, because she went for the third one, “And this one is for your perfect repair.” This time, the boy, knowing that his mom had already discovered the whole story, slowly reached to the chocolates.
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared. He lowered his head, mouthed several times but couldn't utter a single word. Guilt in his mind was so enormous that he could hardly contain any more. Eventually, he admitted his mistakes and apologized, tears rolling down his cheeks. Accepting his apology, the mother gently patted him on the back, and handed him one more chocolate. As the boy raised his eyes with puzzlement, she explained, “The last one is for your courage to face your mistakes.” Holding little Ben in her arms, the mother knew that her son would taste the bittersweet in his chocolates.
再次回读原文，并积累以下高级词汇、语块、亮点句型及高级结构
1．accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地
2．(原形→过去式→过去分词)
drop → dropped_→ dropped v. 掉落
3．upset adj. 心烦意乱的
4．decoration n. 装饰
5．antique n. 古董
6．possession n. 财产
7．terrified adj. 害怕的
8．hastily adv. 匆忙地
9．dust v. 掸灰
10．actually adv. 事实上
11．nervous adj. 紧张的
12．suspicious adj. 怀疑的
13．blame v. 指责
14．deny v. 否认
15．sign n. 迹象
16．anger n. 愤怒
17．cautiously adv. 小心翼翼地
18．take_place 发生
19．throw_the_ball_at 把球扔向
20．be_handed_down_through_generations 世代相传
21．to_cover_one's_terrible_action 为了掩盖某人糟糕的行为
22．to_one's_surprise 让某人吃惊的是
23．remain_calm 保持镇静
24．come_up_with 想出；提出 (计划，想法)
25．at_once 立刻；马上
26．be_determined_to_do_sth. 下定决心做某事
27．no_matter_how
angry_his_mom_became 不管他妈妈变得多么生气
28．be_bathed_in 沐浴在
29．“be doing...when...”意为“正在做某事的时候……突然……”
一天，本放学后在客厅打篮球，不小心把球扔向架子上的花瓶。
One day, Ben was_playing_basketball in the living room after school, when_he_accidentally_threw_the_ball_at a vase sitting on the shelf.
30．what引导的主语从句
更让本不安的是，这个花瓶不是一般的装饰品，而是一件古董。
What_made_Ben_more_upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique.
31．v. ing作状语
由于害怕惩罚，这个突然受到启发的男孩说……
Fearing_punishment,_the suddenly inspired boy said that...
32．no matter how引导的让步状语从句
不管他怎么努力都无法把它赶走。
He couldn't drive it away no_matter_how_hard_he_tried．
33．“on doing”意为“一……就”
看到儿子推开门小心翼翼地走进来，她从抽屉里拿出一个巧克力盒子，递给他一个。
On_seeing_her_son_push_open_the_door_and_cautiously_enter,_she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one.
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Unit 2 Improving yourself
读后续写 心理描写
外刊输入——悟语言之道
Plot a Path to Philadelphia
The United States is an enormous country with lots of culture and places to explore, so there is no denying that it is complex to decide where to study. Philadelphia, located in the northeastern US, is an underrated gem (被低估的宝藏) with much to offer. As one of the oldest US cities, its history and cultural diversity make it a standout destination for international students.
·History and the city
Because Philadelphia is one of the first cities established in the United States, it's easy to engage yourself in American history and culture. You'll get access to endless things, from the Liberty Bell and Ben Franklin's house to the Art Museum steps, made famous by the movie Rocky, which will surely be a culture shock.
Generally speaking, a World Heritage City is a zone or an area that is recognized as having “outstanding universal value”. As the first World Heritage City in the US, Philadelphia is significant to global as well as American culture. This means a combination of great history, arts and culture that are important to our global society.
·Relative affordability (可承受性)
Philadelphia is more affordable and reasonable than New York or Washington DC. Instead of costing an arm and a leg, compared with New York and Washington DC, your expenses will be 81 percent less and 59 percent less, which means your money will go further even on a tight budget. Plus, a weekend getaway is only a bus or train ride away—it's only an hour to the beach town of Ocean City or to the Pocono mountains.
·Youth culture
Philadelphia is a city of colleges with a thriving (繁荣的) culture for young people, where they can not only feel at home but also get involved in various activities. It's home to the second highest number of colleges in the nation, including more than 100 colleges and universities. Philadelphia's recent boom of young people has created numerous opportunities for both work and play.
·Career opportunities
Philadelphia is a center for diverse industries. Name your field of interest—healthcare, technology, education advisor, communications, finance or the arts—and Philadelphia has an opportunity to help you grow, explore your career and realize your ambition. For international students, this means a chance to gain meaningful internship that could be crucial for your resume and optimistic outlook of your career.
·Cultural diversity
Philadelphia is a diverse city with different cultures. Out of the 1.5 million residents of Philadelphia, 23 percent speak a language other than English. The first time international students get exposed to such tremendous diversity, they will immediately feel the dramatic influence!
In summary, if you are motivated to be more competent, whether you're studying in the US or just exploring, Philadelphia is a great place to be.
1.重点词汇再现
(1)deny v. 否认
(2)complex adj. 复杂的
(3)engage v. 参与
(4)culture shock 文化冲击
(5)generally speaking 一般来说
(6)zone n. 地区
(7)reasonable adj. 合理的
(8)cost an arm and a leg 花一大笔钱
(9)expense n. 开销
(10)budget n. 预算
(11)feel at home 舒服自在
(12)get involved in 参与
(13)boom n. 繁荣
(14)advisor n. 顾问
(15)ambition n. 抱负
(16)gain v. 获得
(17)optimistic adj. 乐观的
(18)outlook n. 前景
(19)expose v. 使体验
(20)tremendous adj. 巨大的
(21)dramatic adj. 巨大的
(22)in summary 总之
(23)motivate v. 激发
(24)competent adj. 有能力的
2．重点句型再现：名词词组作连词，引导时间
状语从句
The first time international students get exposed to such tremendous diversity, they will immediately feel the dramatic influence!
国际学生第一次接触到如此丰富的(文化)多样性，他们会立即感受到其巨大的影响！
迷你语料库(Mini Corpus)
序号 佳句呈现 赏析
1 It was the first time that she had left China. 句型描写第几次做某事。特别注意时态问题，主句用一般现在时，that从句需要用现在完成时；主句用一般过去时，that 从句需要用过去完成时。
2 I was very excited but also quite nervous. 心理描写——兴奋和紧张掺杂的心情。
3 My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation. 描写目标是什么。
4 Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. 描写学生应该做的事情。特别注意动词的连动用法。generate ideas意为“提出想法”；offer examples意为“举例子”；apply concepts意为“应用概念”；raise questions意为“提出问题”；give presentations意为“做展示”。
5 At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 描写人物的心情及行为的转变。had no idea what she should say意为“不知道应该说什么”；句中what引导主语从句；“found herself speaking up”为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾补为speaking_up，和宾语构成主动关系。
6 While I am learning about business, I'm also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us. 描写人物在文化交流中的作用。act as意为“充当”；a cultural messenger意为“文化使者”。
7 Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater. 表达支持或反对的观点。although引导让步状语从句。
8 Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing more families an arm and a leg. 描写高昂的学费及生活费用。“much more expensive”中的much可以修饰比较级，表示强烈的对比。end up doing...意为“以做……结束”；cost an arm and a leg为俚语，意为“花一大笔钱”。
9 Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills. 描写适应新环境。unfamiliar adj.意为“不熟悉的”；limited adj.意为“有限的”。
10 Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 描写新文化环境中会遇到的困难。suffer from意为“遭受……的痛苦”；when learning...为状语从句的省略，补充完整应该为when they_are learning...；how to do 构成宾语从句。
11 Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. 描写学生处于新环境遇到的困难及心情变化。handle the challenges意为“应对挑战”。
12 In addition，different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students. 描写学生在新环境中学习遇到的困难。approach在此处为名词，意为“方式、方法”，其后to为介词，要加v. ing形式；a shock为抽象名词具体化，故用不定冠词a。
13 There are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard！ 描写人物不怕困难、乐观的心理和品质。
14 Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence. 描写国外留学的好处。单个v. ing作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。a global perspective意为“全球视野”；general competence意为“综合能力”。
15 Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. 描写和不同文化背景的人合作的好处。单个v. ing作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。view the world from different angles意为“从不同的角度看世界”；gives us more insight into our own culture意为“让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解”。
16 China's global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world. 描写中国影响力、民族自信。global outlook意为“国际视野”；the Belt and Road Initiative意为“一带一路倡议”。
17 Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages, have leadership and organisational skills, and have strong cultural awareness. 描写新形势下中国发展的需求。句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词more talented young people。be highly competent with languages意为“有很强的语言能力”；have leadership and organisational skills意为“有领导力和组织能力”；have strong cultural awareness意为“有强烈的文化意识”。
18 Studying abroad helps to build character and increase people's understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. 描写国外留学的好处。单个v. ing作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。build character意为“塑造品格”；increase people's understanding of cultural diversity意为“增进人们对文化多样性的理解”；while strengthening...为状语从句的省略；build a shared future意为“构建共同的未来”。
19 I think this life changing experience is certainly worthwhile. 描写经历非常有益。
读后续写精炼篇：心理描写
一、写作微技能：心理描写
心理描写可以分为两类：概括描写及细节描写。
概括描写是指对一个事件或场景的总体描写，将意思表达清楚。细节描写则是对事件、人物、心情的具体描写，使描写更加生动，有画面感。
1．概括描写：
常见的情绪形容词：
积极情绪和消极情绪 兴奋的 excited thrilled overjoyed
开心的 delighted happy joyful
感激的 grateful thankful
满意的 satisfied pleased content
好奇的 curious
渴望、热切 eager keen
镇静的 calm composed
失望的 disappointed
愧疚的 guilty ashamed
焦虑、紧张 nervous anxious
吃惊、震惊 amazed surprised astonishedshocked
疲惫的 tired exhausted
担心的 concerned worried
困惑的 puzzled confused
尴尬的 embarrassed awkward
恐慌、害怕 panicked scared frightened fearful alarmed terrified
难过、悲伤 unhappy upset sad heartbroken
失望、沮丧、绝望 disappointed discouraged frustrateddepressed desperate
生气、愤怒 annoyed angry furious
2.细节描写：
(1)常见的情绪名词：
积极情绪和消极情绪 兴奋 excitement thrill
开心 delight happiness
感激 gratitude thanks
满意 satisfaction pleasure
好奇 curiosity
渴望、热切 eagerness
镇静 calmness
失望 disappointment
愧疚 guilt
焦虑、紧张 nervousness anxiety
吃惊、震惊 amazement surprise astonishmentshock
疲惫 tiredness exhaustion
担心 concern worry
困惑 puzzlement confusion
尴尬 embarrassmentawkwardness
恐慌、害怕 panic scare fright fear terror horror
难过、悲伤 upset sadness sorrowgrief
失望、沮丧、绝望 disappointment discouragementfrustration depression
生气、愤怒 annoyance angerrage
(2)通过增加动作添加细节：
动作描写是描写人物、凸显人物性格的有力手段，利用恰当的词语对表达人物心理和性格特征有很大的帮助。
【即学即练】
1．完成句子
(1)一看到凶猛的狼，她吓得睁大了眼睛。
At the sight of the fierce wolf, her eyes_were_wide_open_with_fear．
(2)一看到凶猛的狼，我感到如此害怕以至于我吓得一动不敢动。
At the sight of the fierce wolf, I felt so scared that_I_froze_with_terror．
2．句式升级
(1)概括描写：我很紧张。 I was extremely nervous.
细节描写：我如此紧张以至于心跳加速，头脑一片空白。
I was so nervous that my_heart_began_to_race and my_mind_went_blank．
(2)概括描写：一听到那个坏消息，她很悲伤。
Upon hearing the bad news, she felt extremely sad.
细节描写：一听到那个坏消息，她心痛不已，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
Upon hearing the bad news，her_heart_ached,_tears streaming_down_her_cheeks．
二、牛刀小试：策略引领，演练读后续写“6＋3”模式
【典题精析】
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
French Punishment
It took place in an ordinary French family. One day, Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school, when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf. The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off. What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique, which was handed down through generations from the 18th century. It was also his mother's favourite possession. To cover his terrible action, the terrified boy glued the pieces together hastily and put the vase back to its place.
As the mother herself dusted the vase every day, she naturally noticed the cracks (裂纹) that evening. To her surprise, the repair work was actually very good. At dinner time, she asked her boy if he broke the vase. Fearing punishment, the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbour's cat jumped in from the window and he couldn't drive it away no matter how hard he tried. It raced around the living room and finally knocked the vase off its shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son was lying, for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned. However, in the face of her son's nervous eyes and the suspicious looks of the other family members, Ben's mother remained calm. She realized she shouldn't just simply blame and punish her son for lying. She came up with an idea.
Before going to bed, the boy found a note from his mother in his room, asking him to go to the study at once. The boy thought he would now be punished but, as he had already lied, he was determined to deny everything to the end, no matter how angry his mom became.
In the study, calmly bathed in the light, his mother's face showed no sign of anger. On seeing her son push open the door and cautiously enter, she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The mother said, “This chocolate is a reward for your imagination: a window opening cat！”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．一审——审要素
时态 一般过去时
六要素 When one day
Where in a_ French _family
Who BenBen's mom
What Ben accidentally threw_the_ball at the vase, which dropped_to_the_floor and a large piece broke_off．Ben glued_the_pieces_together hastily and put the vase back.When asked by his mom, Ben lied that it's was the_neighbour's_cat that knocked the vase off the shelf.Though knowing Ben was lying, Mom remained calm and came_up_with an idea.
六要素 Why She realized she shouldn't just simply_blame_and_punish_her_son_for_lying．
How How would Mom help Ben realize and admit his mistake？
2.二定——定主题
主题：His kind and considerate mom helped Ben realize and admit his mistake in a smart way.
3．三推测——推测段首句定基调
(1)标出段首句的关键词
第一段：The mother said, “This chocolate is a_reward for your imagination:_a window opening cat！”
第二段：Now with_some_chocolates_in_hand,_the boy's bad_attitude_disappeared.
(2)推测第一段和第二段的结局。尤其关注第二段的段首句，做到第一段和第二段的逻辑性衔接。
根据第一段的段首句可知，妈妈打算用巧克力作为奖励，仅仅表扬本(Ben)的优点。
根据第二段的段首句可知，妈妈表扬了不止一点，并且这些表扬让本意识到了自己的错误，态度发生了改变。
通过以上可推测：
第一段的结局：妈妈表扬了本的若干优点，每个优点奖励一块巧克力。
第二段的结局：妈妈特殊的“惩罚”方式让本意识到了自己的错误，并且勇于承认错误。
4．四构思——每段3分天下
按照每段三个层次，构思每一段的情节。
第一段 本的反应——仍然害怕妈妈的惩罚，对妈妈敌对
妈妈继续奖励本，本的态度有所缓和
妈妈继续奖励本
第二段 本的态度彻底改变了
本意识到了自己的错误，并且勇敢地向妈妈道歉
升华：妈妈特别的教育方式起到了意想不到的作用
5.五遣词造句——连词成句，连句成文
(1)高级词汇及语块
①race_v. 快速跳动
②pretend v. 假装
③annoyed adj. 恼火的
④judgement n. 判断
⑤battle n. 战斗
⑥continue v. 继续
⑦gently adv. 温柔地
⑧reaction n. 反应
⑨hesitation n. 迟疑
⑩trick v. 戏弄；欺骗
reward n. 奖励；回报
bother v. 困扰；打扰
discover v. 发现
guilt n. 愧疚
enormous adj. 巨大的
contain v. 克制；抑制
eventually adv. 最终
apologize v. 道歉
puzzlement/confusion n. 疑惑
explain v. 解释
stick_one's_hands_in_the_pockets 手放口袋里
be_ready_for 做好准备
refuse_to_do_sth. 拒绝做某事
reach_for 伸手去拿
lower_one's_head 低头
utter_a_single_word 说出一个字
admit_one's_mistake 承认错误
pat_sb._on_the_back 拍某人的背
(2)亮点句型及高级结构
①with复合结构
心跳加速，男孩假装很生气。
With_his_heart_racing,_the boy pretended to be annoyed.
②v. ing作状语，和句子的主语构成主动关系
犹豫不决地盯着巧克力，他想知道她是不是在欺骗他。
Staring_at_the_chocolates with hesitation,_he tried to tell whether she was_tricking him.
③动词的联动
他低下头，嘴巴动了好几下，但一句话也说不出来。
He lowered his head, mouthed several times but couldn't utter_a_single_word.
④so...that...句型，表示“如此……以至于……”
他心中的愧疚如此之大，以至于他再也抑制不住了。
Guilt in his mind was so_enormous_that he could hardly contain any more.
⑤独立主格结构
最后，他承认了自己的错误并道歉，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
Eventually, he admitted_his_mistakes and apologized,_tears_rolling_down_his_cheeks.
⑥with＋抽象意义的情绪名词作状语
男孩疑惑地抬起眼睛。
The boy raised his eyes with_puzzlement/confusion．
6．六成文——誊写清晰，字迹工整
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
The mother said, “This chocolate is a reward for your imagination: a window opening cat！” With his heart racing, the boy pretended to be annoyed by her “false judgement”， and stuck his hands in the pockets, “But it's not my imagination...” While he was ready for a battle, the mother, taking out the second piece, gently continued, “This one is for your quick reaction at dinner.” Staring at the chocolates with hesitation, he tried to tell whether she was tricking him. Still, he refused to reach for his reward. It didn't bother the mother, because she went for the third one, “And this one is for your perfect repair.” This time, the boy, knowing that his mom had already discovered the whole story, slowly reached to the chocolates.
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared. He lowered his head, mouthed several times but couldn't utter a single word. Guilt in his mind was so enormous that he could hardly contain any more. Eventually, he admitted his mistakes and apologized, tears rolling down his cheeks. Accepting his apology, the mother gently patted him on the back, and handed him one more chocolate. As the boy raised his eyes with puzzlement, she explained, “The last one is for your courage to face your mistakes.” Holding little Ben in her arms, the mother knew that her son would taste the bittersweet in his chocolates.
再次回读原文，并积累以下高级词汇、语块、亮点句型及高级结构
1．accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地
2．(原形→过去式→过去分词)
drop → dropped_→ dropped v. 掉落
3．upset adj. 心烦意乱的
4．decoration n. 装饰
5．antique n. 古董
6．possession n. 财产
7．terrified adj. 害怕的
8．hastily adv. 匆忙地
9．dust v. 掸灰
10．actually adv. 事实上
11．nervous adj. 紧张的
12．suspicious adj. 怀疑的
13．blame v. 指责
14．deny v. 否认
15．sign n. 迹象
16．anger n. 愤怒
17．cautiously adv. 小心翼翼地
18．take_place 发生
19．throw_the_ball_at 把球扔向
20．be_handed_down_through_generations 世代相传
21．to_cover_one's_terrible_action 为了掩盖某人糟糕的行为
22．to_one's_surprise 让某人吃惊的是
23．remain_calm 保持镇静
24．come_up_with 想出；提出 (计划，想法)
25．at_once 立刻；马上
26．be_determined_to_do_sth. 下定决心做某事
27．no_matter_how
angry_his_mom_became 不管他妈妈变得多么生气
28．be_bathed_in 沐浴在
29．“be doing...when...”意为“正在做某事的时候……突然……”
一天，本放学后在客厅打篮球，不小心把球扔向架子上的花瓶。
One day, Ben was_playing_basketball in the living room after school, when_he_accidentally_threw_the_ball_at a vase sitting on the shelf.
30．what引导的主语从句
更让本不安的是，这个花瓶不是一般的装饰品，而是一件古董。
What_made_Ben_more_upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique.
31．v. ing作状语
由于害怕惩罚，这个突然受到启发的男孩说……
Fearing_punishment,_the suddenly inspired boy said that...
32．no matter how引导的让步状语从句
不管他怎么努力都无法把它赶走。
He couldn't drive it away no_matter_how_hard_he_tried．
33．“on doing”意为“一……就”
看到儿子推开门小心翼翼地走进来，她从抽屉里拿出一个巧克力盒子，递给他一个。
On_seeing_her_son_push_open_the_door_and_cautiously_enter,_she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one.
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