【教案】Unit 4　Breaking boundaries Period 3 外研版2019 选择性必修第二册

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4　Breaking boundaries
Period 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
词汇积累
①mount[ma nt]v.走上，登上，攀登
②site n．[C]现场，发生地，场所
the site of the battle战场
③in memory of...为纪念……
④address n．& vt.[熟词生义] 演说，演讲
address a meeting向大会致词/发表演说
⑤bitterly ['bIt li] adv.极其，非常
⑥divided adj.分裂的，有分歧的
a deeply divided society四分五裂的社会
⑦civil war内战
civil ['sIv( )l] adj.公民的，国民的
⑧slave owning adj.拥有奴隶的
⑨confederate [k n'fed( )rIt] adj.(美国内战期间)南部联邦的；结盟的，联盟的
confederation [k n fed 'reI n] n．[C]联盟，联合体
⑩union ['ju ni n] n．[C]同盟，联盟；联邦
Union n．[sing.](尤指内战时期的)美利坚合众国，美国
at a great cost以巨大的代价
suffering n．[U]痛苦，苦难
civilian [sI'vIlj n] adj.平民的；百姓的
n．[C]平民；老百姓
look to盼望，展望；期待，
依赖，指望
look to sb.for sth.依赖/期待/
指望某人提供某物
look to sb.to do sth.依赖/期待/指望某人做某事
vision n．[C]构想，设想，对未来的想法
ideal n．[C]理想，看似完美的思想(或标准)
political ideals政治理想
set down制定，建立；记下
Founding Fathers(1787年参加制定美国宪法的)制宪元勋，建国元勋
die for...为……献身
be up to是……的职责(或责任)，由……决定
the living活着的人。属于“the＋形容词”结构。
division [dI'vI ( )n] n．[U，C]分开，分割，分歧，分裂
equality [i'kw l ti] n．[U]平等
score num.二十，二十左右
bring forth使产生，使出现
conceive [k n'si v] vt.& vi.怀孕，怀胎；构想，设想
liberty ['lIb ti] n．[C，U]自由
at liberty to do sth.有权做某事，有做某事的自由
dedicate ['dedIkeIt] v．致力于，献身于
dedicated adj.专心致志的，献身的
be dedicated to sth.专心于/献身于某事物
proposition [ pr p 'zI n] n．[C]主张，建议
be engaged in...忙于/从事……　
endure [In'dj ] v．持续存在；忍耐
battlefield ['b tlfi ld] n．[C]战场
portion ['p ( )n] n．[C]一份，一部分
a portion of...一部分……
altogether [ lt 'ɡe ] adv.(用以强调)完全，全部
fitting adj.恰当的，适合的
in a larger sense从更广泛的意义上来说
consecrate ['k nsIkreIt] v．宣布……为神圣之处
hallow ['h l ] v．使成为神圣
detract [dI'tr kt] v．减低，破坏，损害
thus far(＝so far)到目前为止，迄今为止
nobly ['n bli] adv.高尚地，崇高地
noble adj.品质高尚的，崇高的；高贵的
full measure足量
resolve vt.决心，决定
resolve to do sth.决定做某事
in vain徒劳，无结果；白白地
perish ['perI ] v．毁灭，死亡
The Words That Changed A Nation
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted① a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak. The place was the site② of a recent battle[1]where thousands of soldiers had died．The man was Abraham Lincoln，[2]President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of③ the soldiers who had died. The speech he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes. But this address④ to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.
[1]此处是关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句，修饰the site，where在从句中作地点状语。
[2]此处是名词词组，作Abraham Lincoln的同位语。President在此处表示“独一无二”的职务，其前用零冠词。
At that time, America was bitterly⑤ divided⑥. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war⑦ between the slave owning⑧ Confederate⑨ Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union⑩. The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863. The Union side won, but at a great cost . Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose. What was all this suffering for
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future.[3]He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for . [4]Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
[3]本句是主从复合句。其中“what the...should be”为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语，what在从句中作表语。“based on...before”为过去分词短语，在句中作状语，“set down by...before”为过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰the ideals。
[4]本句中it为形式主语，不定式短语“to remove... humankind”为真正的主语；“not only...South，but...white”为not only...but (also)...连接的并列成分，作remove的宾语。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, [5]conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal．
[5]“conceived in Liberty”为过去分词短语， “dedicated to...equal”为形容词短语，二者并列作后置定语；“that all...equal”为that引导的同位语从句，作the proposition的同位语。
Now we are engaged ina great civil war, [6]testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those [7]who here gave their lives that that nation might live．It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
[6]此处是v. ing短语作伴随状语。其中“whether that...endure”为whether引导的宾语从句。
[7]此处是who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰those；“that that nation might live”是so that引导的目的状语从句，so已省略，第二个that为指示代词。
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember，what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.[8]It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far，so nobly carried on.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task [9]remaining before us—[10]that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth．
(“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln)
[8]本句是“It is for sb.to do sth.”句型，该句型意为“应该由某人做某事”。“which they...on”为which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰the unfinished work。
[9]此处是v. ing短语作后置定语，修饰the great task。
[10]“that from...of devotion”，“that we here...in vain”，“that this nation...of freedom”和“that this government of...from the earth”都是由连接词that引导的同位语从句，均对the great task的内容进行解释。在第一个that引导的同位语从句中，“for which...of devotion”为“介词＋关系代词which”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰that cause；在第二个that引导的同位语从句中，“that these dead...in vain”为that引导的宾语从句，作resolve的宾语。
一场改变国家命运的演讲
1863年11月19日，在灰暗沉闷的午后，一个体型瘦高的男子登上宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡田野里的一个讲台，发表演讲。不久前，这个地方曾爆发了一场战斗，成千上万的士兵丧生于此。这位演讲者就是亚伯拉罕·林肯，时任美国总统，他前去那里纪念牺牲的士兵。他的这次演讲只有短短268个英文单词，仅持续了两分钟，却彻底改变了人民的想法，对重塑美国起到了重大作用。
当时的美国正处于严重的分裂状态。在两年的时间里，美国人民深陷于南北双方——拥有奴隶的南方邦联州和北方自由州的激烈内战当中。其中，最惨烈的一场战斗于1863年在葛底斯堡爆发，持续了整整三天。邦联州赢得了这次战争，却也付出了惨重代价。总共5万多名士兵被杀或受伤，人民失去了希望和目标。不禁疑惑为何经历这样的痛苦呢？
林肯了解平民百姓的感受。他引用87年前诸位开国元勋奠定的国家理想，用这场演讲给了人们希望、信念和展望未来的理由，展示了美利坚合众国的全新面貌。士兵们的牺牲就是为了换取这个美好的愿景。现在，活着的人不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，而且要消除黑人与白人之间的界限，一步步地努力实现人类的平等。
87年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行人人生而平等的原则。
现在我们正在进行一场激烈的内战，考验我们的国家，或者任何一个主张自由平等的国家，是否能够长久存在。我们在这场战争的大战场上集会，把战场的一角献给为国家生存而牺牲的烈士，作为他们永久的安息之地。这完全是我们义不容辞、理所应当要做的事。
但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，我们不能把这一角战场献作圣地，封为圣地，变成圣地。因为在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论是活着的或是死去的，已经使这一角战场神圣化了，我们微薄的力量远远不能为它增光，或者使它减色。世人不太会注意、也不会长久记住我们在这里说的话，但是永远不会忘记勇士们在这里的英勇事迹。因此，活着的人们更应献身于他们为之战斗并且使之前进的未竟事业。我们更应该献身于面前的伟大任务，更应该不断向这些光荣牺牲的烈士学习为事业鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已的献身精神，更应该在这里下决心，一定不要让这些烈士白白牺牲。这个国家一定要得到自由的新生，这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永世长存。
(《葛底斯堡演说》，亚伯拉罕·林肯)
Ⅰ.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1______A．The influence of the address.
Para.2______B．What they are engaged in now.
Para.3______C．The background of the address.
Para.4______D．The date and the place of the address.
Para.5______E．To call on people to learn the dedication of the soldiers who had died.
Para.6______F．What the country founded by fathers looks like.
答案：DCAFBE
Ⅱ.Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The introduction to the social situation in the United States at that time.
B．The introduction to the American Civil War.
C．The introduction to Lincoln.
D．Lincoln's speech and its influence.
2．In which year was the United States founded
A．In 1863. B．In 1776.
C．In 1676. D．In 1763.
3．Which one is NOT the influence of American Civil War
A．It brought about lasting peace.
B．It caused great suffering to the people.
C．Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded.
D．People at that time lost hope and purpose.
4．What does “this” in the last sentence of the fifth paragraph refer to
A．To remember the brave soldiers.
B．To take care of the relatives of the dead.
C．To continue to fight until it was successful at last.
D．To dedicate a portion of the battlefield as a final resting place for the dead.
答案：1－4.DBAD
Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．mount a platform in a field in Gettysburg
　登上葛底斯堡田野里的一个讲台
2．help shape a nation 帮助塑造一个国家
3．be bitterly divided 严重分裂
4．can long endure 能够长久存在
5．be altogether fitting 完全是适合的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．civil adj.公民的，国民的→civilian adj.平民的，百姓的 n．平民，老百姓
2．slave n．奴隶→slavery n．奴隶制
3．union n．联邦→unite v．联合；团结→united adj.联合的；统一的
4．division n．分歧，分裂→divide v．分开→divided adj.分裂的，有分歧的
5．liberty n．自由→liberate v．解放→liberation n．解放
6．nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地→noble adj.崇高的，高尚的
7．influential adj.有影响力的→influence n．& v．影响
8．communist adj.共产主义的 n．共产主义者→communism n．共产主义
Ⅲ.重点短语·再现
根据课文语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in_memory_of(为纪念……) the soldiers who had died.
2．The Union side won, but at_a_great_cost(以巨大的代价).
3．His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look_to (指望) the future.
4．It was what the soldiers had died_for(为……而死).
5．．..but the boundaries between black and white, and work step_by_step(逐步地) towards the equality of humankind.
6．Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought_forth (使产生/出现), upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated_to(献身；把……用于) the proposition that all men are created equal.
7．Now we are_engaged_in(忙于；从事于) a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure.
8．...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in_vain(白白地).
Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．过去分词短语作状语
He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based_on_the_ideals(以理念为基础) set down by its Founding Fathers 87 yeasrs before.
2．what引导表语从句
It was what_the_soldiers_had_died_for(士兵们为……而牺牲).
3．“It is up to sb.to do sth.”意为“该由某人做某事。”
Now it_was_up_to_the_living_to_remove(由活着的人来消除) not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
4．现在分词作伴随状语
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing_whether_that_nation,_or_any_nation，so_conceived,_and_so_dedicated,_can_long_endure(考验我们的国家，或者任何一个主张自由平等的国家，是否能够长久存在).
[词汇知识过关]
in memory of(＝in honour of)　为了纪念……
(教材P44)The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died.
这位演讲者就是亚伯拉罕·林肯，时任美国总统，他前去那里纪念牺牲的士兵。
in favour of 支持；赞成
in praise of 赞扬
in need of 需要
in place of 取代
in search of 寻找
in support of 支持
in defense of 保卫
①The gift to the Israel Museum is in memory of Michael Bromberg.　这个送给以色列博物馆的礼物是为了纪念迈克尔·布朗伯格。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.
如果你需要延长最后期限，只需向教授解释一下情况。
[练通]——用in ＋ n. ＋of短语填空
(1)(天津卷)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50，000 in_support/favour_of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.
(2)(2018·浙江卷6月) I've learned that the English Association of our school is now in_need_of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.
(3)He wrote poems in_praise_of our great socialist motherland.
[写美]——同义替换
(4)We celebrate The Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth month by the lunar calendar in memory of Qu Yuan.
→We celebrate The Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth month by the lunar calendar in_honour_of Qu Yuan.
division　n.分歧，分裂
(教材P44) Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
现在，活着的人不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，而且要消除黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步地努力实现人类的平等。
(1)divide v. 分开；分散；分配；分享
divided ...into/in 把……分成……
divide...between/among... 在……之间分配……
divide...by... ……除以……
(2)divided adj. 分裂的；有分歧的
①The educators agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
教育家们商定把这本教科书分成十二个单元。
②(北京卷)Hannah's Place is divided into several areas，providing shelter for people when it is so cold that sleeping outdoors can mean death.
汉娜的住处被分成几个区域，当天气寒冷睡在户外可能意味着死亡时，为人们提供栖身之处。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)When you go to the library, you will find all of the books are divided into different categories.
(2)Many parents opposed the division(divide) of the classes into different sets.
(3)(2019·天津卷)I read that people are more divided (divide) than ever, but that's not how the people I encounter tend to act.
(4)We worked together and divided the work between/among us.
[写美]——句式升级
(5)(普通表达)If you divide 21 by 3, you'll get 7.
(高级表达)21_divided_by_3_equals_7. (过去分词作定语)
表示把某物分成几部分，可与in和into连用，其区别是：若divide后面只有数词(即数词后没有名词)，则可用in或into；若divide后的数词后接有名词，则通常只能用into。如：Divide the apple in/into four (into four parts)。
bring forth　使产生；使出现
(教材P45) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
87年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行人人生而平等的原则。
bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
bring about 引起；造成
bring down 让……降下来，使……倒下
bring in 引进；收入；领……进来
bring out 出版；拿出；揭露；使显示
①Polluted water might bring forth a host of diseases.
污染的水可能会引起许多疾病。
②Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她父母在她还是个婴儿的时候就去世了，她是由姑妈抚养大的。
[练通]——用bring的相关短语填空
(1)He was drunk and brought_up what he had eaten at midnight.
(2)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Hunters bring_in more than 300，000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
(3)Team members challenge each other to bring_out their best.
influential　adj.有影响力的
(教材P47)Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wrote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s.
埃德加·斯诺是一位美国记者，他在20世纪30年代写过关于中国的很有影响力的书籍和文章。
influence v. 影响
n. 影响；有影响的人(或事物)
influence sb. to do... 影响某人做……
be influenced by 受……的影响
have an influence on/upon 对……起作用/有影响
under the influence of 在……的影响下
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.
测试表明，当我们做出决定时，社会环境是极其有影响的。
②Teenage idols have a strong influence on our children.
青少年偶像对孩子们的影响非常大。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments.
(2)The growth of these vegetables is_influenced(influence) by seasonal variations.
(3)She is one of the most influential(influence) figures in local politics.
(4)What influenced you to_take(take) up nursing
[写美]——句式升级
(5)(普通表达)He devoted himself to teaching under the influence of his friend.
(高级表达)Influenced_by_his_friend,_he devoted himself to teaching.(过去分词作状语)
[经典句式过关]
“It is up to sb.to do sth.”意为“该由某人做某事。”
(教材P44) Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
现在，活着的人不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，而且要消除黑人与白人之间的界限，并一步一步地努力实现人类的平等。
up to 　取决于；到达(某数量、程度等)；忙于
be up to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事；适于(做)某事；
正在忙于(做)某事
be up to sb. 由某人决定
up to now 到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)
①—What do you want to do next We have half an hour until the basketball game.
——你接下来想做什么？到篮球比赛开始，我们还有半个小时的时间。
—It's up to you. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
——这由你决定，你想做什么事对我来说都可以。
②John was dismissed because he wasn't up to his work.约翰被解雇了，因为他不能胜任他的工作。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1) —What shall we do tonight then
—It is up to you—whatever you want.
(2)This is the only one of the oldest customs that has_been_kept(keep) in this district up to now.
(3)He's not really up to seeing(see) any visitors.
[写美]——完成句子
(4)这个调皮的小男孩现在很安静，他一定在忙着做些什么。
The naughty boy is quiet now and he must_be_up_to_something．
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．She divided(分开) the younger children from the older ones while simulating election games.
2．We mounted(登上) some stone steps to the ward to see a friend.
3．There are altogether(总共) 40 boarders in the class in the charge of Mr. Liu.
4．The Times is a daily newspaper published in London, and one of Britain's oldest and most influential(有影响力的) newspapers.
5．Helicopters are mainly used for military rather than civil (民间的) use.
6．We stand up for the cause of liberty(自由) and justice.
7．He worked nobly(高尚地) for the cause of peace.
8．As is known to us, the Chinese red flag stands for the unity of people led by the Chinese Communist(共产主义的) Party.
Ⅱ.选词填空
up to now, divide...into, in memory of, be engaged in, in vain
1．Divide the cake into halves and then give them to the two people.
2．Up_to_now,_the dog has become a member of our family and everyone enjoys its company.
3．A new bridge was built over the river in_memory_of a young soldier who lost his life while rescuing a drowning boy.
4．His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his well paid job, but their efforts were in_vain．
5．At present, he is_engaged_in the organization of a new club.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com/" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)