【教案】Unit 6　Survival Period 3 外研版2019 选择性必修第二册

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6　Survival
Period 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
词汇积累
①Plan B n．[sing.](第一方案不可行的情况下使用的)第二行动方案，次选方案
②advanced/lower life forms高级/低级的生命形式
advanced [ d'vɑ nst] adj.高级的；先进的
③wipe out彻底摧毁；消灭
④nuclear ['nju kli ] adj.核武器的
nuclear missiles核导弹
⑤at the push of a button字面意思为“只要按一下按钮(用于强调机器容易操作)”，可引申为“轻易地、容易地”。
You can't expect to get everything you need at the push of a button.　你不能指望轻松地得到自己需要的一切。
⑥the risk to...对……的危害
⑦lower this risk 降低这种风险
lower vt.[熟词生义] 减少，降低
⑧replace...with/by...
用……替代……
replace vt.用……替换，以……接替
⑨renewable energy可再生能源
⑩terrifying scenes令人恐惧的场景
terrifying ['terIfaII ] adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
terrify vt.使惊吓，使恐惧
option [' p n] n．[C，U]可选择的事物，选择
have no option but to do sth.没有选择只能做某事
hostile ['h staIl] adj.(生长环境)恶劣的
hostile conditions不利的环境
fascinate ['f sIneIt] vt.& vi.深深吸引，迷住
Martian exploration火星探测
make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
unmanned spacecraft 无人驾驶宇宙飞船
manned spacecraft 载人宇宙飞船
manned missions 载人任务
probe [pr b] n．[C](不载人)航天探测器，宇宙探测航天器
orbit [' bIt] v．环绕……运行
stunning images令人惊奇的图像
stunning ['st nI ] adj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
agency ['eId ( )nsi] n．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
space agencies航天局
draw vt.[熟词生义] 吸引，使感兴趣　
require [rI'kwaI (r)] vt.需要，依靠，依赖
solar radiation太阳辐射
settler ['setl (r)] n．[C]移民，殖民者
[词链] settle vi.定居→settlement n．[U]移民；[C]定居点→settler n．[C]移民，殖民者
biosphere['baI sfI (r)] n．[sing.]生物圈
consist of由……构成，由……组成
consist [k n'sIst] v．由……组成
function [熟词生义] vi.起作用，正常工作，运转
definitely ['defIn tli] adv.肯定；没问题；当然；确实
in the meantime在此期间，与此同时
have a(n)...effect on...
对……有……影响
Plan B①：Life on Mars
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms② on the planet, could be wiped out③ by nuclear④ missiles, just at the push of a button⑤. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to⑥ life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk⑦， such as replacing coal and oil with⑧ forms of renewable energy⑨. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes⑩ in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life What is our Plan B for Earth
One option is[1]to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, [2]which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets．Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity. More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North west China's Qinghai Province.
[1]“to explore other planets”为动词不定式短语作表语；“to see...on them”为动词不定式短语作目的状语，其中if引导宾语从句，作see的宾语。
[2]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语；that替代了environment。
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images . Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources，water and signs of life. [3]Encouraged by discoveries over the years，space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
[3]本句是主从复合句。“Encouraged...over the years”为过去分词短语作状语，encourage与其逻辑主语space agencies of various countries之间为动宾关系；that引导定语从句，修饰manned missions to Mars。
[4]There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.However, sending people there will requireall the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race.[5]While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth—ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.[6]It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world.Although the two year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward.
[4]本句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt；“with...home”为介词短语作状语，其中包含“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
[5]本句中While引导让步状语从句，While在此意为“虽然”；“travelling through dangerous solar radiation”为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[6]本句中“in which...together”为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a closed space。
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it's the only one we have！
第二行动方案：移民火星？
在20世纪60和70年代，最大的恐惧就是只要按一下按钮，人类以及或许地球上所有高级的生命形式都可能会被核导弹消灭。然而，如今，环境问题已经取而代之，成为地球生命的最大威胁。科学家们正在想办法来降低这种风险，比如以可再生能源替代煤和石油。但是他们也在为最坏的情况做准备：如果像《后天》等电影里的恐怖场景发生在现实生活当中，我们能怎么办？为了地球，我们的第二行动方案是什么？
一种选择是探索其他星球，看看人类能否在那里生存。可能性最大的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境也没有其他星球那么恶劣。自古以来，火星就令无数人着迷，如今我们对火星探测的兴趣比以往任何时候都要强烈，《火星救援》这样的电影在世界各地广受欢迎。更多的政府和组织正在努力教育公众了解这颗红色星球，譬如美国犹他州荒漠中的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
自20世纪60年代以来，我们不断地向火星发送无人驾驶宇宙飞船。我们的航天探测器围绕火星运行，传回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。我们的机器人已探索火星的表面，测试土壤，寻找资源、水和生命迹象。受到这些年发现的鼓舞，许多国家的航天局正在制订在未来25年内进行载人火星任务的计划。
毫无疑问，人类对火星充满兴趣，梦想着把它变成我们的第二个家园。不过，将人们送上火星需要人类全部的技能、勇气和智慧。虽然月球几天之内就可到达，但是到达火星需用几个月的时间，要途经危险的太阳辐射。即便第一批移民者确实能够安全抵达火星，也可能永远无法返回地球。生存将是日常挑战，不过，正如生物圈2号实验所证实的那样，(外星生存)并非不可能实现。早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了生物圈2号。它由一个封闭的空间组成，人、动物和植物可以在其中共同生活。“封闭”这个概念意味着这个空间被设计用来完全依靠内部的氧气、食物和水运作，不借助外界任何东西。虽然这一为期两年的实验并未取得成功，但它确实让我们更好地明白了人类会如何有可能在另一星球生活。最近，科学家们在类似火星的环境中成功种植了多种植物。这无疑是一个巨大的进步。
现在距离人类在火星定居还要几十年的时间。与此同时，科学研究表明，地球正在变暖。这种变化正由人类活动引起，并且正对生物圈有着严重影响。在最终能够在另一星球上生活之前，我们需要更好地照顾地球。它是我们现在唯一拥有的家园！
Ⅰ. Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para. 1______　 A．It will be a large challenge to send people to Mars.
Para. 2______ B．At present, we need to take much better care of our own planet.
Para. 3______ C．Present a problem: What is our Plan B for Earth
Para. 4______ D．The most likely choice is to explore Mars to see if we could live on it.
Para. 5______　 E．What we have done to explore Mars since the 1960s.
答案：CDEAB
Ⅱ.Read the passage and then choose the best answer to each question.
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The earth is a dangerous place.
B．Mars is a better place for humans to live on.
C．People are exploring another planet to replace the earth.
D．Scientists have succeeded in growing plants on Mars.
2．According to the passage, what is most dangerous to life on our planet
A．Nuclear missiles.
B．Environmental issues.
C．Fossil fuels.
D．Terrifying scenes in films.
3．Why is Mars the most likely choice
A．Because Mars has a moderate distance from Earth and suitable environment.
B．Because Mars has attracted people since ancient times.
C．Because we are interested in Martian exploration.
D．Because The Martian is popular all over the world.
4．What can be inferred from Para. 4
A．Mars is bound to be our second home.
B．It is not possible to stay alive on Mars.
C．Mars is farther from the earth than the Moon is.
D．Scientists have experimented with growing plants on Mars.
答案：1－4.CBAC
Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．could be wiped out by nuclear missiles　 能被核导弹毁灭
2．orbit the planet 环绕这颗行星运行
3．space agencies of various countries 许多国家的航天局
4．the other astronauts 其他的宇航员
5．the landing capsule 着陆舱
6．live in the lower branches and trunks of Florida's trees
住在佛罗里达树木较低的枝干里
Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．advanced adj.高级的；先进的→advance v．促进 n．提前→advancement n．进步；进展
2．terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→terrified adj.害怕的→terrify v．使害怕
3．consist v．由……组成→consistent adj.一致的
4．infer v．推断，推定→inference n．结论；推理
5．expose v．使暴露(于险境)→exposure n．暴露，显露→exposed adj.暴露的
6．dust n．沙土，尘土→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
Ⅲ.重点短语·再现
根据课文语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped_out(彻底摧毁，消灭) by nuclear missiles just at the push of a button.
2．Today, however, environmental problems have taken_over(接管；接替) as the greatest risk to life on Earth.
3．More governments and organisations are making_efforts_to(努力……) educate the public on the Red Planet.
4．It consisted_of(由……组成) a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
5．More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a_variety_of(各种各样的) plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.
6．In_the_meantime(在此期间), scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.
7．This change is being caused by human activity and is having_a terrible effect_on(对……有影响) the biosphere.
8．Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take_ much better care_of(照顾；负责) our own.
Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．现在分词短语作伴随状语
Our probes have orbited the planet, sending_back_valuable_data_and_stunning_
images(传回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像).
2．“There is no doubt that...”意为“毫无疑问……”
There_is_no_doubt_that(毫无疑问) humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
3．while引导让步状语从句
While_the_Moon_can_be_reached_within_days(虽然月球几天之内就可到达), it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
[词汇知识过关]
advanced　 adj.高级的；先进的
(教材P68)In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button...
在20世纪60和70年代，最大的恐惧就是只要按一下按钮，人类以及或许地球上所有高级的生命形式都可能会被核导弹消灭。
Advance v. 促进；前进；预支；提前；
提出(想法、理论、计划)
n. 前进；进步
advance on/towards... 向……前进
in advance 预先；事先；预付
in advance of (时间上)提前于……
make an advance/advances in 在……方面取得进步
①By the age of 14, he had taught himself advanced maths.
到14岁时他就自学了高等数学。
②(2020·天津卷7月)—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
——下次你去拜访鲍勃时，记得事先给他打个电话。
—Good point. I will.
——说得对。我会的。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)China has made great advances in science and technology in the past decade.
(2)Learning is very important for each of us because we have to acquire new and advanced(advance) knowledge every day.
(3)The mob advanced on/towards us, shouting angrily.
[写美]——完成句子
(4)那些满足现状的人当然在生活中不会取得更大的进步。
Those who are content with their present situations will surely make_no_more_advances_in_life．
(5)出席媒体发布会时，他比其他记者来得早。
Attending the press conference, he came well in_advance_of_the_rest_journalists．
advance本身已有“向前”的意思，因此不必再用forward。类似：repeat不与again连用；return(回来)不与back连用；enter(进入)不与into连用。
terrifying　adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
(教材P68)But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life
但是他们也在为最坏的情况做准备：如果像《后天》等电影里恐怖场景发生在现实生活当中，我们能怎么办？
(1)terrify vt. 使恐惧，使惊吓
terrify sb. into doing... 吓唬某人做……
(2)terrified adj. 恐惧的；害怕的
be terrified of... 对……感到惊恐
be terrified at/by/with... 被……吓了一跳
(3)terror n. 惊恐，恐惧
in terror 惊慌地
to one's terror 让某人恐惧的是
①It's terrifying that there are so many drunk drivers on the road.
路上有这么多酒后驾车的人，真可怕。
②The old lady was terrified of crossing the busy street without others' assistance.
没有他人的协助那位老太太害怕横过那条繁忙的街道。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)People ran for the exits, screaming out in terror.
(2)(浙江卷)After his terrifying(terror) adventure, Mac felt relieved when he reached home safe to his loving family.
(3)(2020·浙江卷7月)Terrified(terrify), Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.
[写美]——一句多译
她被眼前看到的东西吓了一跳。
(4)She was_terrified_at_what_she_saw. (terrified adj.)
(5)What_she_saw terrified her. (what引导的主语从句，terrify v．)
(6)What_terrified_her was what_she_saw. (what引导的主语从句，terrify v．)
consist　v.由……组成；在于；符合，一致
(教材P69)It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
它由一个封闭的空间组成，人、动物和植物可以在其中共同生活。
(1)consist of (＝be made up of＝be composed of)
由……组成
consist in (＝lie in) 在于……；存在于……
consist with 和……一致
(2)consistent adj. 一致的；连续的
be consistent with 与……一致的；符合的
①(2019·天津卷)Most food webs, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
大多数食物网是由许多薄弱环节组成的，而不是由几个强有力的环节组成的。
②Your conduct is not consistent with what you say.
你的言行不一致。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)Consisting(consist) of two campuses, this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4，000 students and teachers.
(2)True wealth does not consist in what we have but in what we are.
(3)She's not very consistent(consist) in the way she treats her children.
[写美]——同义替换
(4)This report consists with what we already know.
→This report is_consistent_with what we already know.
consist of不用于被动语态和进行时。
expose　v.使暴露(于险境)，露出；显示；揭露
(教材P70)We can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
我们可以推断出月球受到的危险辐射比火星少。
(1)expose sth./sb./oneself to...　使某物/某人/自己
暴露于……
be exposed to 暴露于；经受……
(2)exposure n. 暴露；揭露
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)“Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be exposed to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
“尼科洛”由于意大利的隐私法，他的真实姓名不能公开，他在都灵的一家工厂工作了一整晚。
②He has exposed himself to his parents' influence since he was young.
他从小就受父母的影响。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing(play) computer games.
(2)After only a short exposure(expose) to sunlight he began to turn red.
[写美]——句式升级
(3)(普通表达)Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
(高级表达1)Exposing_yourself_to_the_sunlight_for_too_long will be harmful to your skin.(动名词短语的主动形式作主语)
(高级表达2)If_exposed_to_the_sunlight_for_too_long,_you will get your skin harmed.(if省略句)
[经典句式过关]
while引导让步状语从句
(教材P69)While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.　虽然月球几天之内就可到达，但是到达火星需用几个月的时间，要途经危险的太阳辐射。
while的用法：
(1)while意为“虽然；尽管”时，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)。
(2)while意为“当……的时候”时，引导时间状语从句(从句动词必须是延续性动词)。
(3)while意为“然而、而”时，作并列连词用，表示对比或转折。
①While the work was difficult, it was interesting.
虽然这工作很困难，却很有意思。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
她住在一楼，而他和妻子及两个女儿住在楼上。
[练通]——单句语法填空
(1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)While enjoying(enjoy) being close to nature, we began to help pick peaches covering every tree.
(2)(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Very soon the children were busy popping the corn, while their mother went out to buy the paper bags.
[写美]——完成句子
(3)汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟却无可救药。
Tom is very good at science, while_his_brother_is_hopeless．
(4)(2020·天津卷7月)我不在家时，从不担心儿子，因为我妈妈照看他。
I never worried about my son while_I_was_away because my mother kept an eye on him.
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．Long time exposure(暴露) before screen will do harm to you mentally and physically.
2．They built a primitive shelter out of the tree trunks(树干).　
3．Coal consisting(组成) mostly of carbon is the secondary energy in this country.
4．It is said that a Russian space capsule(太空舱) is currently orbiting the Earth.
5．I inferred(推断) from what she said that you have not been well.
6．These agencies(机构) offer rewarding guidance to people starting their own businesses.
7．He is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts(宇航员) in the world.
8．Nuclear(核武器的) weapons threaten the peace and security of the world.
9．In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to orbit(环绕……运行) the earth.
10．We'll do our best to catch up with the advanced(先进的) world levels.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in advance, consist of, be exposed to, wipe out, in the meantime
1．Young people may risk going deaf if they are_exposed_to very loud music every day.
2．The atmosphere consists_of more than 70% of nitrogen (氮气).
3．Only those who had booked in_advance were allowed into the airline.
4．He suffered a great deal when he was young; nothing could wipe_out his bitter memories of the past.
5．The next programme starts in five minutes. In_the_meantime,_here's some music.
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