2022届高考英语二轮专题复习：冠词专题教案（word版含答案）

冠词
课 题 冠词
教学目标 不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词 冠词短语
教学过程
知识精讲1 不定冠词 （一）不定冠词有a和an 当不定冠词后面的那个词以辅音音素开头时，不定冠词用a，以元音音素开头时，用an。 通常以元音字母开头的名词或部分放于名词前的形容词，通常用an，但不包括以下单词： a university; a European; a useful book；a unique present 辅音字母开头，通常用a，但不包括以下单词： an hour; an honest boy; an honor 不定冠词多表示泛指，具体用法如下： 1. 泛指某类人或物（或其中的任何一个）、初次谈到或见到的人或物。这个用法是不定冠词考查的重点。 —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. —You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer. 2. 表示“每一”，相当于every/per。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 3. 表示“一个”，相当于one。 My sister sometimes has only an apple for dinner because she wants to be thin. 4. 用于序数词前表示“再一，又一”。 She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one. 5. 用于一些固定搭配或固定短语中。这一点也是冠词常考的方面，考生应加强记忆。 a lot (of) make a face have a walk=walk a little a number of have a look=look a fewa pair of have a talk=talkin a hurry have a good timeas a resulthave a cold have a swim=swim
知识精讲2 定冠词 定冠词常用于表示特指和独指，通常译成“那个；那些；这个；这些”具体用法如下： 1. 用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。 Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one. 2. 指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you. 3. 复述上文中提到的事物。 There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new. 4. 序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。 The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 5. 用于复数姓氏之前, 表示＂夫妇＂或＂全家＂。 The Whites settled down in Canada last year. 6. 表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the world 7. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及一些建筑物等名称前。 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 8. 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。 Many of the injured are still in danger. the rich/the poor/the old/the wounded/the living /the dead 9. 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。 the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴 知识精讲3 零冠词 （1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名、头衔、职务的名词前，一般不加冠词。 He will take over as general manager when Mr. Smith retires. （2）表示季节、年份、日期、节日、假日和一日三餐的名词前，一般不加冠词。 We had bacon and eggs for breakfast. （3）表示学科、球类运动和棋牌类游戏的名词前不用冠词。 In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are optional. 知识精讲4 冠词词组辨析 【有无冠词之差】英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。 1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面 There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内） 2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。 The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。 3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。 They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。 4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。 Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。 5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替 When did this conversation take place 这次谈话什么时候进行的？ Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。 6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之 Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。 In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。 7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。 Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。 8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿 Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。 Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。 9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个 He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。 Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。 10. a most interesting 非常有趣的；the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级） This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。 This is the most interesting story of the three. 这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。 11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士；a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 a doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。 a doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。 12. a number of 许多、好些；the number of ……的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数） A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生在教室里。 The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40个学生。 随堂练习 历年高考真题。 1.【2021·全国卷I】While you are in China, Mount Huangshan is __________must to visit! 2.【2020·浙江卷】This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ________ rise of science，changes began. 3.【2020·全国新课标II】The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 4.【2019·新课标I卷】Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 5.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears________ same style of clothes. 6．【2019·新课标II卷】When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was ________ joke. 7.【2018·全国II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country has grown more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 8.【2018·全国III】I'm not sure which is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs. 9.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 10.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top. 11.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A level course. But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term resting. Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York. 12.【2017·浙江卷6月考】For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder. 基础训练。 1.I can't tell you ____way to the Wilson's because we don't have _____Wilson here in the village. 2.As is known to all, ______People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. 3.Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso. 4._______more learned a man is, _______more modest be usually become. 5.In ________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays ________ man named Chuck Noland. 6.India attained independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle. 7.（2016·浙江）______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris. 8.The parents were shocked by ______news that their son needed ______operation on his knee. 9.—How about _______ Christmas evening party —I should say it was _______ success. 10.It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky. 11.Have you heard ______ news？The price of petrol is going up again! 12.It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure. 13.Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as _______platform for hunting seals. 14.The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea. 15.The company is in ________charge of a man called Zhang Ming. 16.Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than man. 17.Four and ________half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. 18.Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore. 19.The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into ______night. 20.We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across ________continent。 21.______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. 22.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________way. 23.Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “________ fifth of pupils here go to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 24.Many people have come to realize that they should go on ________balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise. 25.Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become _____popular name. 26.First impressions are the most lasting. After all，you never get ________second chance to make ________first impression. 27.He was made captain of the spaceship during ______ visit in space. 28.The heavy rain lasted 3 hours on end and came to ______ end when the class was over. 29.He is in possession of that beautiful garden and the shop is in _______ possession of his brother. 30.Mary, we left you in charge of the room, but now it’s in________ mess! 三、写作技能提升。 1.会议将于周四下午三点到四点在位于3号楼四楼的402房间举行。(be held) 2.她的歌曲在年轻人和老年人中都很受欢迎。(be popular with, as well as) 3..我喜欢在长江里游泳，在滨海路上购物，在江北公园散步。我的梦想是上浙江大学。(like, dream) 4.那座庙建于清代，已经有三百多年的历史了。它在20世纪 90年代由政府出资修缮过。(build, dynasty, the temple, a history of, restore, government, at one's expense) 5.他拉住我的手说:“你帮助我，我真的很感激。”(take sb.by, be grateful to sb. for, help out) 6.春节是中国孩子最高兴的日子，他们可以穿最漂亮的衣服、吃最喜欢的食物。但是，在元旦他们通常不这样。(wear their nicest clothes) 7.我们要招聘的这个人，最好年龄在二十多岁，有扎实的英语知识，有办公室工作经历和丰富的管理经验。(be preferred, in management) 8.张华，我们班的班长，昨天被选为我们学校的学生会主 席。(monitor, elect, chairman of the students union) 9.虽然他是个小孩，但他能自如地用英语和老外交流。(as he is, communicate with foreigners, freely) 10.传来消息说，他在那边过得很快乐。他说每天在河里游泳很有趣。(word, have fun)
参考答案：
题号 答案
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三 1. The meeting will be held in Room 402 on the fourth floor of Building 3 from 3 p.m.to 4 p.m. on Thursday afternoon. 2. Her songs are very popular with the young as well as the old. 3. I like swimming in the Changjiang River, shopping on Binhai Road and walking in Jiangbei Park. My dream is to go to Zhejiang University. 4. Built in the Qing Dynasty, the temple has a history of 300 years. It was restored at the government’s expense in the 1990s. 5. He took me by the hand and said, “I'm really grateful to you for helping me out.” 6.The Spring Festival is the happiest day for children in China, when they can wear their nicest clothes and eat their favorite food. However, they don't do so on New Year’s Day. 7. A young man in his twenties with a good knowledge of English, an experience of office work and rich experience in management is preferred. 8. Zhang Hua, monitor of our class, was elected chairman of the students union of our school yesterday. 9. Child as he is, he can communicate with foreigners freely in English. 10. Word came that he had great fun there. He said it was fun to swim in the river every day.