2022届高考英语二轮专题复习：代词专题教案（word版含答案）

代词
课 题 代词
教学目标 人称代词和物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 不定代词 代词it
教学过程
知识精讲1 人称代词与物主代词 1. 人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格。但注意以下几点： (1)作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中常用宾格。 —Jack, go and put away the clothes. 杰克，去把衣服收好。 —Why me Alice is sitting there doing nothing. 为什么是我？Alice坐在那儿无事可做。 (2)在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格根据语义确定。 He is taller than I (me). 他比我高。 He loves beer more than she. 他比她更爱啤酒。 He loves beer more than her. 他爱啤酒胜过爱她。 I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too. 我和她一样喜欢杰克。 (3)在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。 It was she that met Tom here yesterday. 是她昨天在这儿遇到Tom的。(she作主语) It was him that we met at the school gate. 我们在学校门口遇到的是他。(him作宾语) 2. 物主代词中的形容词性物主代词通常作前置定语修饰名词，名词性物主代词作主语或 宾语，表语。名词性物主代词可以转化为形容词性物主代词加名词，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。 My school is as large as her school. = My school is as large as hers. 我的学校和她的学校一样大。 Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs. 凯特姐妹俩和她们的一个表妹一起度假去了。 人称代词和物主代词在句中运用时，必须人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。 Yesterday I met a young man. He lost his bag whose color was the same as mine. 昨天我遇到了一位年轻人。他丢掉的包的颜色和我的包的颜色是一样的。 4. 某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。 take sb. by the arm拉着胳膊带某人走，be wounded in the leg腿部受了伤 The angry old man hit me on the head. 这位生气的老人打了我的头。 知识精讲2 反身代词 1. 反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。当主语与宾语指同一人或物时，宾语应该采用反身代词。 You should have blamed yourself for the mistake. (作宾语)你本应该就这起错误批评自己的。 2. 反身代词常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce(介绍)等动词后和by, for, to, in, of等介词后作宾语。 ①介词+反身代词 by oneself单独，独自； of oneself亲自，为自己； in oneself本身，本来； for oneself为自己； to oneself独自拥有的，独享的 How lonely Susan must have felt left all by herself！ 苏珊被独自留下一定感到很孤独。 ②动词+反身代词 adapt oneself to适应； dress oneself自己穿衣； occupy oneself with忙于； devote oneself to致力于； enjoy oneself玩得开心； express oneself表达自己的意思或情感； help oneself随便吃。 The professor has devoted himself to the research. 这位教授全身心投入到研究中。 3. 反身代词可以作名词或代词的同位语，加强语气，强调亲自，本人，亲身。 We ourselves finished the task in advance. (作同位语)我们自己提前完成了任务。 知识精讲3 指示代词 指示代词(this，that，these，those) 具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。 1. this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。 This is his room. There are many books in it, but these books don’t belong to him. 这是他的房间。房间里有许多书，但这些书不是他的。 2. this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。这个考点在阅读理解中是一个常考点。 He has been admitted into a college. That will help realize his dream. 他已经被一所大学录取了，这会有助于实现他的梦想。 3. this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方。 （on the phone）This is Mark speaking. Who’s that 我是Mark。你是谁？ 注意：one, the one, ones, the ones, it都可以代替前面已提过的名词。 知识精讲4 不定代词 1. another, the other, other, others, the others (1)other作定语时，常与复数名词连用，如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no以及形容词性物主代词，也可与可数名词单数或不可数名词连用。others是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定语，可构成some…, others…结构，表示“一些……，另外一些……”。 Some students are cleaning the classroom; others are playing on the playground. 一些学生在打扫教室，另一些学生在操场上玩。 代词用法other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义the otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”，也可与one连用，构成one…, the other…(一个……，另一个……)结构。the other作定语修饰复数名词时，表示其余全部的。another单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指“另一，再一”；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现，构成some…, others…结构，表示“一些……，另外一些……”。the others表示“剩余的一些”。
2. both, all, either, any, neither, none 都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者（以上）allanynone
注意：both/all与not用在同一句话中表示部分否定。 如：Not all the students are fond of jogging. = All the students aren’t fond of jogging. 并不是所有的学生都喜欢慢跑。 3. none, nobody/no one, nothing (1)none既可指人，也可指物，常回答how many, how much引导的疑问句；nobody/no one只能指人，常回答who引导的疑问句；nothing只能指物，常回答what引导的疑问句。 (2)对“some/any/every+名词”进行全部否定的词是none；对someone / somebody / everyone / everybody / anyone / anybody进行全部否定的词是nobody/no one；对something/anything/everything进行全部否定的词是nothing。 If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I have none. 如果我有钱的话，我会借给他一些，但不幸的是，我一点钱也没有。 none后面可跟of短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing someone/ anyone/ everyone/ no one却不能。 We all attend the lecture, but none of us were interested in it. 我们都参加了讲座，但没有一个人对它感兴趣。 We all attend the lecture, but none of us were interested in it. 我们都参加了讲座，但没有一个人对它感兴趣。 常考点： (1)it, that, one, those的用法 代词用法it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone泛指一个或泛指前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为onesthose相当于“the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)”
不定代词构成的固定搭配 anything but决不，根本不； nothing but仅仅，只有； none but=only仅仅；只有 all but=almost几乎，差不多；除……外全部 anybody/ everybody but除……外的任何人 not anything=nothing没有什么(表示全部否定) not everything并非每件东西(表示部分否定) something of...称得上是……； not much of a ...不是很好，不怎么样 in other words换句话说 some和any some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 注意：some可放在可数名词单数前用来表达“某一”的概念。如： John, some student is waiting for you downstairs. 约翰，有个学生在楼下等你。 some用于肯定句；any则用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。 We showed him some of our samples. 我们给他看了一些样品。 I don’t know any of these people. 这些人我一个也不认识。 注意：若疑问句表示请求、建议，用some，不用any。如： May I ask you some questions 我可以问你一些问题吗 (请求) Would you like some coffee 你想喝点咖啡吗 (建议) any用于肯定句时，含义为“任何”。 Any tourist naturally wants to see as much as possible of the country he is visiting. 任何游客自然都想尽可能多地参观他所访问的国家。 知识精讲5 it用法 指代时间、天气和距离。 It is 20 miles from here to the station. 从这儿到火车站有20英里（路程）。 It is often sunny in this season. 这个季节天气通常是晴朗的。 代替事物、动物、婴儿、未知的人。 —Who is knocking at the door 谁在敲门？ —It’s me. 是我。 The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 史密斯夫妇买了一套房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。 it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词或不定式充当。 The foreign student found it a little hard but interesting to learn Chinese idioms. 这位外国学生发现学习中国俗语有点难但也有趣。 It is meaningful for us to donate our pocket money to the flooded area. 对于我们来说，把钱捐给被洪水淹没的地区是有意义的。 用于“It is…that…”强调句型中。 It was in the morning that they rescued the trapped residents. 是在早上他们救出了被困的居民。 常用于固定搭配中 make it成功； hate/like/enjoy it that...讨厌/喜欢……； I can’t help it我没有办法； if I can help it如果我有办法； when it comes to...当涉及……时； rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信……； as sb. puts it...正如某人所说……； I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激； It is said/believed…that有人说/认为……。 I would appreciate it if you take my plan into account. 如果你考虑我的计划我将不胜感激。 When it comes to protecting wild animals, every one of us can play a part. 当谈到保护野生动物时，我们每个人都可以发挥作用。 随堂练习（一） 一、单句语法填空。 1.Success is something that many people struggle for, but not everyone among __________(we) can obtain it. 2.Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds. 3.All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove ________. 4.At the end of the five minutes, no one could find ________ (they) own balloon. 5.Your willingness to deal with these problems will eventually enable you to work ________ (they) out. 6.When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in ________ (he) hand. 7.Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from ________ (it) owner. 8.She must be shy. You may be shy ________ (you). 9.We can overcome the problems that challenge us or we can enjoy ________ (we) by avoiding all difficulties in following our earthly nature. 10.Helping other people makes ________ (I)happy. 11.In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK. 12. Only about a half of these students are natives of Beijing; the __________ come from other provinces. 13. There were two roses on the table; one was red and the __________ yellow. 14. To know the rules is one thing, but to play the game is __________. 15. This glove is too big and the other is too small. __________ fits me, so they can’t be mine. 16. He is a lefty, but he can write with __________ hand. 17.A smile costs ________, but gives much. 18.She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge. 19.In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________, knives and forks. 20.Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ________ for the people of his town. 21.________ is undeniable that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society. 22.You can enjoy the show An American Life every Friday, and ________ is about family life. 23.I’d appreciate________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 24.As for the choice of after-class activities, ________ is your interest that matters. 25.The teacher told them to help __________(they) to the coffee. 26.The girl, however, would not follow __________(they) words. 27. The full moons on Jan. 2 and Jan. 31 will be super __________(one) and even they’ll be blue super moons. 28. Huangshan Mountain is famous for __________ (it)four unique scenes. 29. In __________(he) forties, he was tired of his various businesses. 30. Kekexili is China’s largest and the world’s third largest uninhabited area. The view of mountains, glaciers and lakes all in the same area makes __________ a paradise in terms of natural beauty. 31. ________ was consistent love and kindness that won a lifelong friendship of loyalty. 32. Due to __________(it) humor and irony(讽刺), Xiangsheng has spread far and wide. 33. Jiang’s parents will help take care of Jiang’s daughter, and as they age, Jiang and his wife will help take care of __________(they). 34. The whole performance is staged entirely upon the lake __________(it) with hills as the background. 35. Anyway, for more and more consumers, cash is no longer __________(they) habit. 36. At that moment a young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced __________（she）. 37.My son was excited, but I felt helpless. I didn’t have that kind of money. __________ was going to cost $300! 38. Putting __________(you) in the other person’s shoes may help you find out the problem. 39. Always keep __________ in mind that a measure of hope will take you through the unpleasant situation. 二、翻译句子。 1. 他本人告诉我这个消息的。（oneself） 我们的老师期望我们学生独立完成作业。（expect sb to do sth） 在冬季，北京的天气比广州的天气冷得多。（the weather of Beijing） 4. 根据一项调查，喜欢锻炼的人的寿命比不喜欢锻炼的人长。(according to,survey, live longer than, those) 5. 客人陆续到了。（one after another） 6. 一些人赞成这个主意。不过，另外一些人强烈反对。(some，in favor of, however, strongly against) 7. 我希望你一切顺利。（everything） 8. 相信你自己，尽自己最大努力，你迟早会成功的。（believe in, make it） 9. 如果你能帮助我快速提高英语成绩，我将不胜感激。（appreciate；improve） 10. 他给我100元，我一分钱都没接。（offer，none of which） 随堂练习（二） 一、单句语法填空。 1. This bike is neither his nor_______(you). 2. The engine in your car works far better than _______ in mine. 3. I want very much to buy a color TV set, but I can't afford _______. 4. The students in our class work much harder at English than __ in their class. 5.--How many elephants did you see --_______. 6.--Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop. --I know e on. I'll show you. 7.--Which one can I take --You can take _______of them; I'll keep none. 8. I have lost my pen. I can't find _______. I have to buy ______ 9. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from __ spoken in England. 10. --Which of the two computer games did you prefer --Actually, I didn't like_________ of them. 11. Isn't it amazing how the human body heals ________ (it)after an injury 12. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _______ of the parents spoke the language. 13. --I'd like some more cheese. --Sorry, there's ______left. 14. He doesn't have ______ furniture in his room--just an old desk. 15. Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ (it)when it fell from its nest. 16. Many fast-growing countries are less concerned with protecting ________(they)against climate change. 17. __ felt funny watching myself on TV. 18. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _________in the newspaper. 19. To save class time, our teacher has ________(we) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework. 20. Little joy can equal of a surprising ending when you read stories. 21.--He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. ---When was that --_________was in 2,000 when he was still in college. He didn’t make _________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. _________is exciting to watch competing teams to row their boats forward to a drumbeat, racing to reach the finishing end first. 24.At that time_________ occurred to me that I should give the shirt to the people who said they liked it. 25.Zhang Zao describes __________(he) as a “citizen of the world”. 26. We must keep reminding ___________(we) that it is easier to get into something than it is to get out of it. 27.All in all, we students should behave__________(we) and keep away from the violence. 28.Feeling that I could not stand waiting in such a line any longer, I decided to join__________ one. 29.I found my audience applauding--I made________! 30.It will give access to disabled people who can’t climb __________(it) 334 steps. 翻译下列句子 1. 耳闻不如目见。（for oneself） 女孩子从自行车上摔下来，受了伤。（hurt oneself） 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去找食物。 两件衣服都不适合我。（neither） 上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。（any other） 昨天有人把杯子打破了。 走路从这里到我们学校要半个小时。 她不喜欢你迟到。（like it） 你会成功的，如果你努力的话。 10.不要担心，我们可以准时到达机场的。（make it） 11.我突然想起我把钥匙忘在家里了。（It occurred to me that） 12.站在这里给大家演讲是我的荣幸。（It is.....） 13.天助自助者。 14.没有什么比健康更重要。 15.真可惜，他们昨天输掉了那场篮球比赛。
参考答案：
随堂练习（一）
一、单句语法填空
us
it
it
their
them
his
its
yourself/yourselves
ourselves
me
that
others
other
another
Neither
either
nothing
neither
others
something
It
it
it
it
themselves
their
ones
its
his
it
It
its
them
itself
their
herself
It
yourself
it
二、翻译句子。
1. He himself told me the news.
2. Our teacher expects us students to do our homework by ourselves.
3. In winter, the weather of Beijing is much colder than that of Guangzhou.
4. According to a survey, people who like exercising live longer than those who don’t.
5. The guests arrived one after another.
6. Some people are in favor of the idea; however, others are strongly against it.
7. I hope everything will goes well.
8. Believe in yourself, try your best and you will make it.
9. I will appreciate it if you can help me improve my English quickly.
10. He offered me 100 yuan, none of which I accepted.
随堂练习（二）
yours
that
one
those
None
one
all
it;one
that
both
itself
neither
none
any
itself
themselves
It
that
us
that
It
it
It
it
himself
ourselves
ourselves
another
it
its
二、翻译下列句子
1.耳闻不如目见。（for oneself）
Seeing a thing for oneself is better that hearing about it.
2.女孩子从自行车上摔下来，受了伤。（hurt oneself）
The girl fell off the bike and hurt herself.
3.并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去找食物。
Not all the ants go out for food.
4.两件衣服都不适合我。（neither）
Neither coat suits me.
5.上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。（any other）
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
6.昨天有人把杯子打破了。
Somebody broke the cup yesterday.
7.走路从这里到我们学校要半个小时。
It is half an hour’s walk from here to our school.
8.她不喜欢你迟到。（like it）
She won’t like it if you arrive late.
9.你会成功的，如果你努力的话。
You will make it if you try.
10.不要担心，我们可以准时到达机场的。（make it）
Don’t worry. We can make it to the airport on time.
11.我突然想起我把钥匙忘在家里了。（It occurred to me that）
It occurred to me that I left the key at home.
12.站在这里给大家演讲是我的荣幸。（It is.....）
It is my honor to stand here and give you guys a speech.
13.天助自助者。
God helps those who help themselves.
14.没有什么比健康更重要。
Nothing is more important than health.
15.真可惜，他们昨天输掉了那场篮球比赛。
It is a pity that they lost the basketball match yesterday.