2022届高考英语二轮专题复习：定语从句教案（Word版含答案）

定语从句
课 题 定语从句
教学目标 定语从句的定义 定语从句的结构 定语从句的关系词
教学过程
一. 定语的含义与分类 1. 含义：定语一般用来修饰名词，对名词起修饰限定作用，由形容词来承担。形容词作定语时往往为前置定语。 2. 分类：定语分为前置定语和后置定语 前置定语(adj)+名词：定语与中心语之间构成修饰与被修饰的关系 Guilin is a beautiful city.（前置定语-adj.） 名词+后置定语：即定语从句 Our monitor is always the first who enters the classroom. (后置定语-定语从句） The boy who wears glasses is a gift magician. (后置定语-定语从句） 二．定语从句的概述 1. 结构：…先行词+关系词+定语从句， 2. 翻译为“……的” 定语后置-在古汉语中有时将定语移置到中心词之后，即“定语后置”。这种定语后置的语句译成现代汉语时，要将定语还原到被它修饰的中心语前面。 名称概念/特征定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词关系词定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词定语从句的主要特征(1) 先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分； (2) what永远不能引导定语从句； (3) 翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”
练习：标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词 This is the book that I have been looking for. The movie we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked about. I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was John's sister. There is no reason why we shouldn't be friends. They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.
三．定语从句的分类和区别 限制性：This is the house which/that we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 非限制性：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。 区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。用法上译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”通常译成主句的并列句。关系词使用上A.作宾语时可省略 B. 可用that C. 可用who 代替whom D. 可用whyA. 不可省略 B. 不用that C. Which既可指代一个词，又可指代前面一句话或事情 D. 不可用who 代替whom E. why要换为for which
四．关系代词和关系副词 分类关系词先行词属性在从句充当成分例句 关 系 代 词which物主语、宾语、表语1.I lost the book which I had borrowed from the library.关 系 代 词that人&物主语、宾语、表语2.He is the man that I saw yesterday.who人主语3. Is he the man who wants to see you whom人宾语whose人&物定语Please pass me the book whose color is green.as常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as ...”结构中5.Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.关 系 副 词when (=in/on/at +which)时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to the school.where (=in/on/at +which)地点状语Shanghai is the city where I was born.why (=for+which)原因状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
注意：限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语可以省略。 五．关系词的选择判定步骤 1. July 1, 1999 is the day (which/that) we’ll never forget. July 1, 1999 is the day when I was entitled in the university. 2. I’m going to work in the hospital that/which needs me. I’m going to work in the hospital where you used to stay 3 years ago. 3. This is the reason why he was unhappy. This is the reason (which/that) he explained to me. 总结： 1) 看谓语动词，从句必须有两个以上的谓语动词（区分并列句） 2) 划定从句范围（从句从引导词开始到下一个谓语动词或句末结束） 3) 分析整个句子成分和结构，确定从句类型（通常放在名词或代词之后的句子为定语从句） 4) 分析从句成分和结构，确定成分是否完整： a.缺主缺宾用关系代词（that, which, who, whom，as） b.缺定语，表示从属关系用whose c.不缺主宾定，则缺状，用关系副词when, where, why 六．“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．介词+关系代词，后面只能用whom/which，先行词属性为人则用介词+whom，为物则用介词+which。 1）I went a local park in which I made many new friends.(先行词park为物，所以in之后用which，不用whom) 2）I remember that fair lady from whom we received a bag of books.(lady为人，所以from之后用whom.) 注意：“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词，例： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 2. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： A:This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. B:Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club C:This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 七．定语从句的主谓一致 1. 一般来讲,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致.例如: I am not one who is afraid of difficulty. Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon. The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. 2. one of + 复数名词 +关系代词 + 谓语动词（动词原形） Tom is one of my friends that love English very much. 3. The only one of + 复数名词 +关系代词 + 谓语动词（第三人数单数) Tom is the only one of my friends that loves English very much. 关系词的特殊用法 1.只用that的情况（that：不能与介词连用，不能用逗号隔开，不能与指示代词连用） 只能用that做关系代词的情况例句1当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时Pay attention to everything that I do.2当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时He has little time that he can spare.3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best novel that I have read.4如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.5当先行词被the only, the last, the very等等修饰时This is the last time that I want to see you.6当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing.
2.只能用which, who, whom的情况 ▲在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人； ▲在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人； ▲先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时常常用who。 做题技巧：只要排除that不能用的三种情况（前有介词、逗号和指示代词:this/that/these/those），其他情况都可以填that 随堂练习 （一） 写出下列定语从句的主句、从句、先行词和关系词。 1.Is this the hospital where you were born. 2.I like visiting places which are not far away. 3.How do you like the film which was shown last Sunday. 4.He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time. 5.The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year 6.I like the meal that we had last night. 7.Do you know the boy who we talked about just now 8.We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. 9.There is no reason why you should leave. 10.The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 二、单句语法填空。 1. Even those _______earn a month’s salary of 10,000 yuan feel stressed to afford a new car. 2.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. 3.This is one of the best films ________have been shown this year. 4.The place ______ we spent our holidays was really beautiful. 5.He’s the famous scientist ________ will give us a lecture next Thursday. 6.Please hand me the book ________ cover is green. 7.Huizhou is the city ________I live. 8.The house ________ wall is painted red belongs to the Browns. 9.Peter is such a person __________ you mentioned just now. 10.Have you sent thank-you note to the relatives from __________ you received gifts 11.Germs, _________ can’t be found with your naked eyes, are everywhere. 12.She pointed to the screen, _________ showed a message from her daughter. 13.But there’s another classical dance form with a long history _________ has only recently burst onto the world scene. 14.She is looking forward to the moment __________her best friend comes to visit her. 15.Gone are the good days ___________we felt happy to play outdoor activities. 16. I lost the book__________ I had borrowed from the library. 17. Shanghai is the city __________ I was born. 18. Please tell me the reason __________you missed the plane. 19. This is the best novel __________I have read. 20.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, __________ the weather may be better. (二) 1.The house ________ windows face to the south belongs to the Whites. 2.We will have the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the space is big enough for us to play around. 3.On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm ________ we learnt to plant potatoes. 4.This is the gun with _______ the hunter shot the dear. 5.The reason __________ I was late is that my dad drove my car away. 6.The person __________he talked with is my father. 7.The country __________ he came back is suffering from war between two clans(部落). 8.It’s strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room babies currently occupies. 9.The package _______________ you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 10.They always like to talk about the man and the things___________ they see on the road. 11.The man __________ you shook hands with just now is our headmaster. 12.The girl _________ mother is a teacher studies very hard. 13.I will return to the small town _______ I grew up. 14.Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition 15.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 16. I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas ________ were rescued from starvation in the wild. 17.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball. 18.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 19.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ________ people from the towns met regularly. 20.It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently. 21.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year. 22.Take an active part in the activities you enjoy ________ you can make many friends. 23.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 24.I will never forget such a beautiful village ________ I spent my childhood with my grandparents. 25.Unfortunately,this results in low-income children eating fewer vegetables，and this may be a reason ____poor people in many countries are either overweight or more likely to get sick. 26.With the help of the collected money, subways can be built sooner and better, ________brings convenience to citizens. 27.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, _________ is a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of Li River. 28.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position. 29.I live next door to a couple __________ children often make a lot of noise. 30.Many young people, most of ________ were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams 31.Nick’s guests，________ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. 32.The characters and events ________the author described in his book are very interesting. （三） 高考真题训练 【2020年全国III卷】In ancient China lived an artist __________paintings were almost lifelike. 【2020年全国I卷】Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot__________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【2019年全国III卷】They were well trained by their masters__________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【2019年全国II卷】 Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,__________ she opened with her late husband Les. 【2018年全国I卷】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease 【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing program __________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【2017年全国I卷】 Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __________ is not good for the health. 【2017年全国III卷】 But Sarah, __________ has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 【2016年全国I卷】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1351980s, __________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【2016浙江高考】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of __________ has been proved. 【2015年全国I卷】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 【2015陕西高考】A salesman __________ is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. 【2014年全国I卷】 Maybe you have a habit __________ is driving your family crazy. （四） 连词缺空综合练习 The Agricultural Feast 1. _________takes place after the Independence Day is not a worldwide celebration. Only Christians in Mexico look forward to its arrival for its religious origin: Long ago, humans’ ancestors were bad. They fooled and played tricks on each other 2. _________never kept their word. That was the reason 3. _________ God turned up and drowned all their crops. Humans starved day and night, weeping. In order to gain God’s forgiveness, a woman poet set off to see God, 4. ________admiration and apologies were sincere, God was moved. With his permission, humans finally had good harvests again. So, to wipe sadness and remind themselves of the belief in God, people began the festival. On the festival, people gather in open air, such as playgrounds 5. _________ parking lots, and energetically have fun with each other all night long, as though they were never tired. When a beauty 6. _________was dressed up in lovely clothing reads poems in memory of the poet, everyone holds their breath. Then, it is the custom 7. _________ the bone of a rooster head is given to her as an award. Obviously, the story is not true, 8. _________ the festival is interesting.
练习参考答案：
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