2022年中考二轮专题词法复习课件介词考点专练（共有PPT26张）

(共26张PPT)
中考语法复习
专题五 介词
目录
定义分类
01
考点清单
02
考点知识归纳
03
考点过关
04
中考真题
05
（一）介词
介词是一种虚词, 不能单独作句子成分, 必须与其后面的名词或相当于名词的其他词类或结构等构成介词短语, 才能在句中充当一个句子成分。介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
地点介词
时间介词
方式介词
其他介词
介词
1. There is a post office _______ the other side of ____________ the street.
2. Sam was angry ____________ them and he left ____________ telling anybody.
3. Work hard and you’ll catch up ____________ others.
4. We can surf much information ____________ the Internet.
5. They often learn English ____________ each other.
6. The poor old man died ____________ the evening of October 10.
7. The little girl ____________ red looked beautiful.
8. Do you know the key ____________ success
（二）考点知识清单
［考点知识测练］（填上恰当的介词）
on
of
with
without
with
on
with
on
in
to
9. They walked along the river ____________ another ten minutes.
10. I usually spend three hours ____________ doing my homework.
11. Look! They’re waiting ____________ the bus ____________ the bus-stop.
12. ----How do you go to work every day
---- ____________ underground.
13. I think the dictionary is quite useful ____________ you.
14. She began to play the piano ____________ the age ____________ five.
15. How much did you pay ____________ your new dress
for
in
for
at
By
to
at
of
for
［考点知识归纳］1.表示地点、方位的介词
03
03
(1) 地点介词in, on, at
表示地点 in 用于表示比较大的地方(如:洲、国家、省、地区、城市等）;或某个场所里面。
例: He lives in Shanghai with his grandparents.
on 用于表示在某一物体的表面,强调与表面有接触。 例: There are some books and magazines on the desk.
at 用于比较小的场所(如:建筑物、公共机关等）或门牌号码前。例: Tom is playing basketball at school.
(2) 表示方位 in, on, to， off
in 表示在境内(范围之内）
on 表示相邻或在边界上，接壤
to 表示不接壤，在境外（范围之外）
off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方
运用 举例 Guangdong lies ___ the south of China and Fujian is ___ the east of it. Hainan is ___ the coast of the mainland. Japan is ___ the east of China.
in
on
between
beside
behind
under
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
in front of
在…里面
在…上面
在…A和B之间
A
B
在…旁边
在…后面
在…下面
在…前面
(3)表方位
(4)表“上下”对比的方位 on/beneath,under/over, above/below
on 表示在…之上，与物体表面接触，其反义词是beneath;
over 表示没有接触的垂直正上方，其反义词是under;
above 表示没有接触的斜上方，其反义词是below。
(4)表运动方向
across 表示横穿，横穿马路/河流......
through 表示在某一空间通过(从内部中间穿过)
over 表示从一边到另一边或从上方越过
along 表示沿着:walk along the street
up 表示向上，反之用down
to 表示动作的目的地；
towards 指朝向；
for 表示前往的目的，常和leave, head, sail, start off,set out连用
past 表示从……旁经
2. 表时间的介词
(1)时间介词 in, on, at
表示时间 in 用于表示一段时间(如:世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月份等）、上/下午、傍晚、日间等、一段时间之后或一些固定搭配。例:I met the poor child in December.
on 用于表示某天(星期、具体的日期、节日当天)以及某个特定的早上、下午、晚上等。例: On June 1st, she is going to the zoo with her friends.
at 用于表示具体的某一时刻前或一刹那时间、某个节日期间及一些习惯用法等。例：My mother often gets up at 6:00 in the morning.
(2)表持续时间 from, for,since, in, after
from 强调时间从何时开始,如果时间持续到某个时间,要和介词to连用。The man was working from morning to the night.
for 后面用接时间段。The man worked here for ten years.
since 表示自从：后跟过去的某时间点，与完成时连用。
The man has worked here since last year.
in 接一段时间，意为一段时间后，多用于一般将来时
She will finish the job in two days.
after 接一段时间，常用于过去时;after接时间点，可用各种时态。
The old man left here after one year.
3.表示 ”除…以外”的介词
besides 表示”包含，除…之外还有” ，相当于 in addition to
except 表示”排除，除…之外” ，可以和but互换
but 表示”排除” ，常与nothing, no one等不定代词连用
except for 表示”除去整体中的部分”
4.表示手段、方式的介词：by, on, in(它们都有 “用”或乘（车、船、飞机等）”的意思。
by 后面直接加交通工具,by+工具
I always go to school by bus.
on 名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等
She often go to school on the bike.
in 后面接语言、材料或颜色。（交通工具名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等，也可用in)
Can you say it in English
Mary often goes to school in her mother’s car.
with 后面接人体器官或某一具体的工具。
I saw with the traffic accident with my own eyes.
She wrote something with a blue pen.
注意: with，by，in三词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。
They are digging with a spade.
by hand；
in ink in English/Japanese
用这种方式
5.常用固定搭配
名词与介词的固定搭配
常与to搭配的名词： key，answer，visit，apology，introduction
常与in搭配的名词： interest，satisfaction(满意)，expert
常与on搭配的名词： mercy(同情)，congratulation(祝贺)
常与其他介词搭配的名词： prize for，respect for，struggle with
形容词与介词的固定搭配
与at搭配的形容词： afraid，angry，good，bad，clever，surprised，
excited，puzzled，frightened
与of搭配的形容词： afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud
与with搭配的形容词： angry，strict，careful，busy，popular
与in搭配的形容词： weak，strict，rich，interested，successful
与to搭配的形容词： next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，
known，married，close，similar，due
与for搭配的形容词： sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry
与from搭配的形容词： far，different，free，safe，absent，tired
与about搭配的形容词 sorry，worried，anxious，careful，sure，
1. I often go shopping with my parents ____________ Saturday afternoons.
A. in B.on C.at D.of
2. ---Guess how much it costs.
--- I think it costs ____________ 10 and 20 dollars.
A. in B.among C.between D.from
3. The western food is quite different ____________ that here.
A. for B.on C.from D.with
4. I didn’t believe it until I saw it ____________ my own eyes.
A. with B.by C.on D.at
5. China is ____________ the east of Asia.
A. to B.in C.on D.at
［考点知识过关］（单项选择）
04
6. Sally wanted to borrow an English-Chinese dictionary ____________ me yesterday. But I had lent it ____________ Bill.
A. To; from B. for; to C. from; to D. from; for
7. The woman was so tired that she slept ____________ nearly 14 hours yesterday.
A. on B. for C. to D. in
8. ---How soon will you be back
--- ____________ half an hour.
A. For B. After C. In D. At
9. --- ____________ Sunday, I go to work every day.
--- No wonder you always stay at home every Sunday.
A. Besides B. Except C. Beside D. On
10. Mrs. Green are looking ____________ her pet cat everywhere.
A. At B. through C. over D. for
中考真题过关训练
05
[中考真题精选］（单项选择）
1. Early ____________ a sunny morning David and his donkeys stop at a river to drink.
A. in B.on C. at D.for
2. His story ended happily when he returned to Earth ____________ very good health.
A. at B. on C. in D. for
3. Xian got sick and later died for a lung illness ____________ October 30, 1945, aged only 40.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
4. When the king saw that she was playing his old harp, he was filled ____________ joy.
A. in B. of C. by D. with
5. It showed the love that had held them together at ____________ Forty years as best friends.
A. in B. for C. since D. with
[中考考点精练精测］（单项选择）
1. We must make the Earth a happy home __________ both human beings and animals.
A. for B. with C. by D. at
2. Bob wants to invite his mother to have dinner ___________him at Sun Hotel, which is famous ____________ its seafood.
A. with; of B. with; for C.for; to D. in; as
3. The boys went ____________ the forest and arrived ____________ the lake.
A. out; to B. through; at C. across; in D. at; by
4. ---Are you going to the train station to meet your aunt___________foot or _________bus
---- Neither. I’m going there ____________ my car.
A. on; by; by B.by; by; in C. by; in; in D. on; by; in
5. How much does it cost ____________ the airport to the hotel
A. at B. on C. in D. from
6. I really don’t agree ____________ him ____________ that matter.
A. with; about B. on; in C. for; on D. about; with
7. If you don’t understand the word, look it up ____________ a dictionary.
A. at B.out C. in D. on
8. --- How are you getting on ____________ your studies
--- Very well.
A. between B. among C. to D. with
9. ---How long will the meeting last
--- ____________ about one and a half hours.
A. Since B. After C. For D. Through
10. I’m looking forward____________ receiving your reply.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
11. Last night I got a ticket ____________ the basketball match ____________ my friend, Lily.
A. at; for B. from; for C. for; from D. from; by
12. She can hardly see anything ____________ glasses.
A. without B. with C. in D. from
13. Here is some good news ____________ you.
A. to B. on C. by D. for
14. Please pass me the coat ____________ two pockets.
A. for B. by C. with D. from
15. It’s very clever ____________ him to work out this difficult problem.
A. of B. by C. to D. from
16. It’s so cold. Let’s sit ____________ the fire.
A. of B. by C. to D. from
17. ____________ a student, don’t spend so much time ____________ computer games.
A. By; on B. For; on C. As; to D. As; on
18. In order to send her to school, her parents work ____________ morning till night.
A. of B. with C. to D. from
19. Children usually get a lot of presents ____________ Christmas.
A. at B. on C. to D. in
20. ---Do you know wood can be made ____________ paper
--- Yes. Everyone knows this kind of paper was made ____________ wood.
A. in; from B. by; from C. into; from D. from; into
Thank you very much