2022届高中英语二轮复习语法专项第13讲定语从句讲义教案

英语个性化教学辅导教案
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 星期 学科老师 教学规划师
教学课题 定语从句
教学内容
Ⅰ.定语从句的引导词
㈠关系代词
⑴关系代词种类
引导词 先行词 从句中的成分
that 人、物 主，宾，表
which 物 主，宾，表
who 人 主，宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人、物 定
as 物 主，宾，表
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
(3)Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(4)This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
(5)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning (在句子中做宾语)
(6)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(在句子中做定语)
(7)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(在句子中做定语)
⑵易混关系词的辨析
which / that/who
(1)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
①当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, some, few, little等不定代词时，或者先行词被all, any, no, little, few, much修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
②当主句中的主语是疑问词who或which 时，为避免重复，后面的定语从句要that来引导。
Which is the book that you want to buy
Who is the person that you want to meet
③当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时或者先行词为序数词或基数词时，关系代词只用that.
This is the first book that I bought last year.
④先行词有the only, the very, the same修饰时, 只用that。
This is the same pen that lost yesterday.
This is the same pen as lost yesterday.
⑤在there be句型中,只用that, 不用which
Is there a book that you borrowed in the library
⑥先行词既有人, 又有物时。
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
⑦先行词指物, 在主句中作表语时.
Is this the pen that you want
⑵不用that的情况
①在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
②介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
③先行词为that/ who时只用which
What’s that which is under the tree
which / as
as和which的相同点
(1) as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，放在主句之后，在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。
Tom has found a good job, as / which we all hope. 汤姆找到了一件好工作，这正是我们大家所希望的。
(2) as和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。
His mother is ill, which makes him very sad. 他母亲病了，这件事情使他很难过。
He has made great progress, as / which makes us very happy. 他进步了，这使得我们很高兴。
as与which的区别
(1)当先行词前面有so + adj. + a/an, such + (a/an) + adj. , the same等词修饰时, 引导词只能用as，而不用which。
She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。
It is such an interesting book as we all want to read.它是本我们大家都想读的有趣的书。
(2) as在从句中常作宾语；作主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系动词，即：系表结构或被动结构。
As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所说，他征服了困难。
(3) 当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时，引导词只用as，而不用which。
As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们在八点前到达了那儿。
(4) as引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，则只用which。
He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. 他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希望的。
Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。
(5) 当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing形式短语等) 时，一般只能用which, 而不用 as。
She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。她告诉我们说她的单车出了毛病，这话是真的。
He asked her to help him with his English, which she did. 他请她教他学英语，她的确帮了。
(6) 关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时，从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否定式或助动词否定式，引导词一般只用which, 而不用as。如：
He speaks English very fluently, which I can't. 他的英语说得非常流利，这我可不行。
(7) 关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。
He suggested going swimming in the river, which idea we agreed with. 他提议去河里游泳，我们就同意了他的想法。
(8) 当关系代词仅代表主句中单个词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much. 他给寄来了一件精美的礼物，我对它非常珍视。
(9) as常用于一些固定结构中。如：
as is well known / as we all know 众所周知； as is said above 正如上面所说；
as might be imagined 正像所想象的那样； as is reported 如报道所说；
as has been pointed 如所指出的那样； as is expected 正如所料
whose
whose 引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是人也可以是物;
Do you know the girl whose husband is a teacher
This is a book whose cover is green.
of which 可以代替whose, 其结构为the +名词+of which /of which +the +名词;如果先行词为人时，可以用the +名词+of whom 来代替。
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
He lives in the room the window of which faces south.
He live in the room of which the window faces south.
He is a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
=He is a scientist the name of whom is known all over the city.
㈡关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词
关系副词: 在从句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why =for which
where = in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when = during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
where
指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句；先行词除了可以表示具体地点的名词（如place, home, school, village等）外， 还可以是表示抽象的地点名词（如point, situation, case, stage, activity）.
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
He has got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
when
引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
The time when we got together finally came.
【注意】
先行词 situation, condition, stage, point, case 引导词用where; occasion 用when
why
指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
【注意】
①介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
②that前不能有介词。
③某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club
Do you remember the day when you joined our club
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
Ⅱ.定语从句中省略
⑴在限制性定语从句，做宾语用的关系代词（who, that, whom）可省略, 但非限制性定语从句中的做宾语的关系代词不能省略。
The girl (whom/ who/ that) the teacher spoke to is my sister.
Tom, whom you saw yesterday, is ill.
⑵先行词为way时，且引导词在定语从句中做状语，用that/ in which引导定语从句，that 或者in which 可省略； 如引导词在从句中做宾语，用that/ which 引导，亦可省略。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) she speaks to mother.
The way (that / which) you thought of to solve the problem was good.