2022届高中英语二轮复习语法专项第12讲名词性从句讲义教案
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| 名称 | 2022届高中英语二轮复习语法专项第12讲名词性从句讲义教案 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-02-04 20:20:13 | ||
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英语个性化教学辅导教案
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 星期 学科老师 教学规划师
教学课题 名词性从句
教学内容
I.主语从句
1.定义: 用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成: 关联词+简单句
3.引导词: 主语从句的关联词有三类：
(1)从属连词that
that 引导的从句做主语时，that 不在从句中充当任何成份，只起连接作用，无任何意义，通常不能省略，且常用it 做形式主语。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
(2)从属连词whether/if
whether 引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾；if引导的主语从句只放在句尾，前面用it 做形式主语。
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
It’s doubtful if /whether this painting is a real one.
(3)连接代词
who (谁，从句中可做主宾表) whom (谁，宾)
whose (谁的，定) which (哪个/哪些，主宾表定)
what （什么，主宾表定） whoever (无论谁，主宾表)
whatever (无论什么，主宾表定) whichever(无论哪些/哪个，主宾表定)
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
(4)连接副词 where, when, how, why。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Where I will spend my summer vocation is still uncertain.
4.It 形式主语
1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
A. It + be+ 形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice 似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+ doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
II.表语从句
1.定义:在一个复合句中, 从句作的是主语的表语成分。
The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人困惑
主语,连系动词,形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句
2.引导词：
(1)that, what. that 引导表语从句时，不充当句子成份，只起连接作用，没有任何意义，通常不可省略；what 引导表语从句，既起连接作用，又在从句中做成份。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
Our plan is that we’ll go there once a week.
(2) whether引导表语从句，不充当句子成份，不能够用if 来替代。
The question is whether they have singed the contract.
(3)as if/ though. as if / as though 意思为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常位于系动词后，若表语从句所陈述的是非真实情况，从句用虚拟语气；若表语从句所陈述的是真实情况，从句用陈述语气。
⑷who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever, whomever, whichever , whatever等引导定语从句
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
注意点:
1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
2.不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
3.在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
4.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。
What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意
“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结;
That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.
That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样,
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果;
He did not see the film last night.
That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
IV.同位语从句
1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，
3.关联词
a.从属连词that。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来
b.偶尔由从属连词whether引导。
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
c.连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how 亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
注意:
1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
句法功能上
that引导的同位语从句：that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分, 不可省。
that引导的定语从句：that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
意义上
that引导的同位语从句：从句是被修饰名词的内容。
that引导的定语从句：从句起限定作用，是定语
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示, should可省。
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 星期 学科老师 教学规划师
教学课题 名词性从句
教学内容
I.主语从句
1.定义: 用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成: 关联词+简单句
3.引导词: 主语从句的关联词有三类：
(1)从属连词that
that 引导的从句做主语时，that 不在从句中充当任何成份，只起连接作用，无任何意义，通常不能省略，且常用it 做形式主语。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
(2)从属连词whether/if
whether 引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾；if引导的主语从句只放在句尾，前面用it 做形式主语。
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
It’s doubtful if /whether this painting is a real one.
(3)连接代词
who (谁，从句中可做主宾表) whom (谁，宾)
whose (谁的，定) which (哪个/哪些，主宾表定)
what （什么，主宾表定） whoever (无论谁，主宾表)
whatever (无论什么，主宾表定) whichever(无论哪些/哪个，主宾表定)
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
(4)连接副词 where, when, how, why。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Where I will spend my summer vocation is still uncertain.
4.It 形式主语
1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
A. It + be+ 形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice 似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+ doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
II.表语从句
1.定义:在一个复合句中, 从句作的是主语的表语成分。
The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人困惑
主语,连系动词,形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句
2.引导词：
(1)that, what. that 引导表语从句时，不充当句子成份，只起连接作用，没有任何意义，通常不可省略；what 引导表语从句，既起连接作用，又在从句中做成份。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
Our plan is that we’ll go there once a week.
(2) whether引导表语从句，不充当句子成份，不能够用if 来替代。
The question is whether they have singed the contract.
(3)as if/ though. as if / as though 意思为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常位于系动词后，若表语从句所陈述的是非真实情况，从句用虚拟语气；若表语从句所陈述的是真实情况，从句用陈述语气。
⑷who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever, whomever, whichever , whatever等引导定语从句
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
注意点:
1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
2.不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
3.在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
4.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。
What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意
“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结;
That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.
That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样,
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果;
He did not see the film last night.
That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
IV.同位语从句
1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，
3.关联词
a.从属连词that。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来
b.偶尔由从属连词whether引导。
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
c.连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how 亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
注意:
1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
句法功能上
that引导的同位语从句：that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分, 不可省。
that引导的定语从句：that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
意义上
that引导的同位语从句：从句是被修饰名词的内容。
that引导的定语从句：从句起限定作用，是定语
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示, should可省。
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。