2022届高中英语二轮复习语法专项第10讲非谓语（1）动名词和动词不定式讲义教案
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高中英语二轮复习语法专项第10讲非谓语（1）动名词和动词不定式讲义教案 |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 28.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-02-04 20:21:49 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
英语学科个性化教学辅导教案
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 星期 学科老师 教学规划师
教学课题 非谓语动词（1）：动名词和不定式
教学内容
不定式
I.动词不定时的构成
to+动词原形,
有时可以不用to, 这里的to 是不定式符号, 本身无词义。
II.不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1.主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语----动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.
How to make requests politely is important.
2.宾语
1)下列动词只接动词不定式做宾语而不接动名词做宾语：
同意提出作计划 agree, intend, plan
要求答应来帮忙 demand, promise, help
准备决定遭拒绝 prepare, decide, refuse (reject 只接动名词，decline to do)
敢于选择有希望 choose, wish, hope, want, expect
不能做到莫假装 fail, pretend
设法做成决心强 manage, determine
恳求安排又威胁 beg, arrange, threaten
声称顾虑碰巧强 claim, hesitate, happen
We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
I’d love to visit Mexico.
2)动词feel, find, make, think, believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式后置。
句子结构是：主语＋feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
I find it difficult to remember everything.
3.表语
动词不定式在系动词后做表语，可表示主语的内容、将来动作、命令、建议、时态发展的结果等
His job is to write reports for the newspaper.
The problem remains to be unsettled.
注意：
下列情况不定式作表语通常省略：
1. 主语是all (其后有that 引导的定语从句) 或引导的从句，且从从句中含有do 的某种形式时。
All you need to do is complete the form.
2.主语是the only, the first, the last, 形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语（从句），且定语(从句)中含有do 的某种形式。
What I want to do most in senior high is improve my English.
The only thing to do now is go on.
4.补语
不定式做补语有两种情况：
(1) 带to 的不定式做补语。常见主要动词主要有: 要求允许提议警告（ask, allow, permit, advise, warn），期望邀请鼓励（expect, suppose, invite, encourage），教导告诉想要（teach, tell, want），希望愿意（wish, would like / love）
I invited her to have dinner at my house.
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
(2) 不带to的不定式做补语。动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to, 被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”: look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”: have, let, make，二“听”: hear, listen to，一“感觉”: feel，一“注意”: notice。
This picture makes me feel tense!
Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.
(3)help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。
They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.
Using e-mail English helps you write quickly.
(4) be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。
He is said to be monitor of the class.
Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.
5.定语
不定式做定语，必须位于被修饰的名词或者代词后面，以下几种情况常使用不定式做定语：
(1) 表示将来的动作，根据需要不定式可用于被动或者主动形式。
I borrow some books to read during my holiday.
The car to be bought is for his sister.
(2) 序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或者代词后
He is the best man to do the job.
(3) There be 句型中做主语的名词或者代词后。此时动词不定式表示一般情况或者将要发生的动作。
There are lots of problems to solve.
(4) 被修饰词是表示抽象名词时，常用不定式做后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。不定式与被修饰的名词之间是同位关系，不定式说明被修饰的名词的内容。常见此类名词有 ability, chance, idea, fact, evidence, attempt, belief, way, reason, opportunity, time 等。
I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.
注意：
1.不定式中的动词为不及物动词, 不定式后面要用必要的介词。
He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。
The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。
What did you open it with 你用什么打开它？
2.如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live. 他无处安身。
This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
3.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式, 但意义不同：
Have you got anything to send 你要送什么东西吗？
Have you got anything to be sent 你有什么东西需要送吗？
6.状语
1)不定式做目的状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子主语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的, 时常用in order to /so as to ,期中so as to 不用与句首。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
2) 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。做结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，也常用于so…as to, such …as to…， enough to…, too…to, only to…等结构中。
I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
He was so late as to miss half of the lecture.
She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
The house is big enough to hold 200 people.
3) 不定式与情感类adj.连用时，大多表示原因，用来做原因状语，此类形容词有：happy, kind, surprised, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed
I was very sad to hear the news.
4) 不定式也可跟在一些做表语的形容词easy, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable 等后面做状语。
在此用法是，动词不定式动作和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动表示被动，如不定式动词为不及物动词要加上相应介词。
This book is difficult to understand.
The picture is pleasant to look at.
7.不定式的时态。
动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。
⑴一般式（to+动词原形）: 表示与主句谓语动词动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。
I saw him go out. 我看见他出去了。（ 不定式go out与 see同时发生。）
I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你（to see发生在hope之后）
⑵进行式（to be+现在分词）：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。
She’s said /believed to be living nearby. 据说/据信她就住在附近。
When he came in, I happened to be sleeping in bed.他进来时，我碰巧正在床上睡觉。
⑶完成式（to have+过去分词）：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。
I’m glad to have met your parents here. 我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母（已见过）
I’m sorry to have kept him waiting for me so long.我很抱歉让他等了我这样久。（已经等过了）
注意：动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。
The game were to have taken place in Room.比赛原计划在罗马举行。
He planned to have gone abroad last week. =He planned to go abroad but he didn’t. 他原计划上周出国的。
I'd like to have been offered the job and(to have been)given the opportunity to prove myself.我真想（当时）把这个工作给了我，给我个机会让我证明我自己。
同样的意思也可用上述动词的过去完成时加动词不定式的一般式来表达。
I had hoped to visit the great pyramid. =I hoped to have visited the great pyramid. =I hoped to visit it, but I didn’t. 我本希望参观大金字塔的。
They would have liked to have your help. =They would like to have had your help. =They wanted to have your help but they didn’t have it. 他们本想得到你帮助的。
不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：
一般式：to be+过去分词
完成式：to have been+过去分词
You're lucky to have been accepted .你很幸运已经被接受了。
These criminals are to be hanged .这些罪犯是将被绞死的。
We're glad to have been invited. 受到邀请我们很高兴。
What's to be done next 下一步做什么？
为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。
You will make it if you try (to). 如果你努力，你会成功的。
Some of them retired, and others were ready to.一些人退休了，还有的准备退。
He always speaks faster than he needs to.他说话总是没必要的快。
I'd like to do it now, but I haven't got the time (to). 我倒是想现在干，但没时间。
“Would you go there with me ” “I'm glad to.”“你愿意和我一起去吗？”“愿意。”
You’d better sing an English song if they ask you (to) again.如果他们再要求你，你最后唱一首英文歌。
后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：
used to 常常 be going to 打算 mean to 打算 ought to 应该
plan to 计划 want to 要想
两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。
I intend to call on him and discuss this question again,我打算去拜访他并和他谈谈这个问题。
You're free to talk or laugh here.在这里你可以随便说笑。
He had nothing to do except talk nonsense. 除了胡说八道，他没别的事干。
I would rather die than be insulted.我宁死也不受侮辱。
I'll do anything but work on a farm. 除了去农场干活，我什么都干。
It's easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易，强迫人难。
It’s better to take a taxi than (to) wait here.搭出租车也比在这等强。
句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词（do作谓语，to do作定语等等），but后面的不定式就省掉to。
I have no choice but to go there alone. 除了独自一个去以外， 我别无选择。
I can do nothing but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。
I have nothing to do but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去我没事可干。
He did nothing but cry all day long. 他除了整天哭，什么也不干。
动名词
I.基本结构:“v+ing”
II.特点：既具有动词/名词的特点；
I hope you don’t mind my saying it.
Are you for or against having the meeting.
III.用法
1.主语
动名词做主语主要注意一下几点：
①多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态。
②)谓语动词通常用单数形式
③位置：位于句首；也可位于句末，此时用It 做形式主语
④动名词逻辑主语：形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格
Working with you is a pleasure.
Reading aloud is very helpful.
Do you mind my opening the door
注意:
常用it作形式主语, 常用doing 做形式主语的句型：
It is /feels funny doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth.
It’s useless / worthwhile doing sth.
It is no good / no use / no fun / no worth doing sth.
2.宾语
1)下列动词后只能加动名词doing作宾语
建议考虑坚持练 suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practice
允许想象弃冒险 permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk
阻止抵抗否避开 prevent, resist, deny, escape
不禁介意保持完 can’t help, mind, keep, finish
承认错过心喜欢 admit, miss, enjoy
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
2)词组后接doing
admit to prefer…to be used to
lead to devote oneself to
object to stick to look forward to
feel like
3)接动名词和不定式意义不同的几组词
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事/ stop doing 停止正在做的事
remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）/remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
regret to do对要做的事遗憾/regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
try to do尽全力，努力做某事/try doing尝试做某事
mean to do打算，有意要…/mean doing意味着
go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）/go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
used to do … 过去做某事 /be used to doing … 习惯做某事
动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
What would you like to eat tonight
need, want, require, worth动名词表被动意义
The room needs cleaning.
The book is well worth reading.
3.宾补
1)see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. doing sth. 强调动作正在进行
see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. do sth. 强调动作发生的事实
2) keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事
4.作定语
动名词做定语时常置于被修饰词之前，用于说明事物的用途或者性能。
A walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping.
5.作表语
动名词做表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置
His job is teaching the students.
My favorite sport is swimming.
动名词的形式
动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动名词的 一般形式
动名词作主语往往表示一般性的动作。并列句时两个分句具有一致性 , 都用动名词作主语。
1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ________ .
A. he’d like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
动名词的完成形式
如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，通常用动名词的完成式形式。
He didn’t mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
I don’t remember having ever promised you that.
动名词的被动形式
当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式
He did it without being asked.
They couldn’t stand being treated like that.
注：
如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如：
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 星期 学科老师 教学规划师
教学课题 非谓语动词（1）：动名词和不定式
教学内容
不定式
I.动词不定时的构成
to+动词原形,
有时可以不用to, 这里的to 是不定式符号, 本身无词义。
II.不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1.主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语----动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.
How to make requests politely is important.
2.宾语
1)下列动词只接动词不定式做宾语而不接动名词做宾语：
同意提出作计划 agree, intend, plan
要求答应来帮忙 demand, promise, help
准备决定遭拒绝 prepare, decide, refuse (reject 只接动名词，decline to do)
敢于选择有希望 choose, wish, hope, want, expect
不能做到莫假装 fail, pretend
设法做成决心强 manage, determine
恳求安排又威胁 beg, arrange, threaten
声称顾虑碰巧强 claim, hesitate, happen
We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
I’d love to visit Mexico.
2)动词feel, find, make, think, believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式后置。
句子结构是：主语＋feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
I find it difficult to remember everything.
3.表语
动词不定式在系动词后做表语，可表示主语的内容、将来动作、命令、建议、时态发展的结果等
His job is to write reports for the newspaper.
The problem remains to be unsettled.
注意：
下列情况不定式作表语通常省略：
1. 主语是all (其后有that 引导的定语从句) 或引导的从句，且从从句中含有do 的某种形式时。
All you need to do is complete the form.
2.主语是the only, the first, the last, 形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语（从句），且定语(从句)中含有do 的某种形式。
What I want to do most in senior high is improve my English.
The only thing to do now is go on.
4.补语
不定式做补语有两种情况：
(1) 带to 的不定式做补语。常见主要动词主要有: 要求允许提议警告（ask, allow, permit, advise, warn），期望邀请鼓励（expect, suppose, invite, encourage），教导告诉想要（teach, tell, want），希望愿意（wish, would like / love）
I invited her to have dinner at my house.
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
(2) 不带to的不定式做补语。动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to, 被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”: look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”: have, let, make，二“听”: hear, listen to，一“感觉”: feel，一“注意”: notice。
This picture makes me feel tense!
Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.
(3)help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。
They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.
Using e-mail English helps you write quickly.
(4) be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。
He is said to be monitor of the class.
Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.
5.定语
不定式做定语，必须位于被修饰的名词或者代词后面，以下几种情况常使用不定式做定语：
(1) 表示将来的动作，根据需要不定式可用于被动或者主动形式。
I borrow some books to read during my holiday.
The car to be bought is for his sister.
(2) 序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或者代词后
He is the best man to do the job.
(3) There be 句型中做主语的名词或者代词后。此时动词不定式表示一般情况或者将要发生的动作。
There are lots of problems to solve.
(4) 被修饰词是表示抽象名词时，常用不定式做后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。不定式与被修饰的名词之间是同位关系，不定式说明被修饰的名词的内容。常见此类名词有 ability, chance, idea, fact, evidence, attempt, belief, way, reason, opportunity, time 等。
I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.
注意：
1.不定式中的动词为不及物动词, 不定式后面要用必要的介词。
He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。
The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。
What did you open it with 你用什么打开它？
2.如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live. 他无处安身。
This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
3.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式, 但意义不同：
Have you got anything to send 你要送什么东西吗？
Have you got anything to be sent 你有什么东西需要送吗？
6.状语
1)不定式做目的状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子主语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的, 时常用in order to /so as to ,期中so as to 不用与句首。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
2) 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。做结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，也常用于so…as to, such …as to…， enough to…, too…to, only to…等结构中。
I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
He was so late as to miss half of the lecture.
She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
The house is big enough to hold 200 people.
3) 不定式与情感类adj.连用时，大多表示原因，用来做原因状语，此类形容词有：happy, kind, surprised, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed
I was very sad to hear the news.
4) 不定式也可跟在一些做表语的形容词easy, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable 等后面做状语。
在此用法是，动词不定式动作和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动表示被动，如不定式动词为不及物动词要加上相应介词。
This book is difficult to understand.
The picture is pleasant to look at.
7.不定式的时态。
动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。
⑴一般式（to+动词原形）: 表示与主句谓语动词动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。
I saw him go out. 我看见他出去了。（ 不定式go out与 see同时发生。）
I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你（to see发生在hope之后）
⑵进行式（to be+现在分词）：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。
She’s said /believed to be living nearby. 据说/据信她就住在附近。
When he came in, I happened to be sleeping in bed.他进来时，我碰巧正在床上睡觉。
⑶完成式（to have+过去分词）：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。
I’m glad to have met your parents here. 我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母（已见过）
I’m sorry to have kept him waiting for me so long.我很抱歉让他等了我这样久。（已经等过了）
注意：动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。
The game were to have taken place in Room.比赛原计划在罗马举行。
He planned to have gone abroad last week. =He planned to go abroad but he didn’t. 他原计划上周出国的。
I'd like to have been offered the job and(to have been)given the opportunity to prove myself.我真想（当时）把这个工作给了我，给我个机会让我证明我自己。
同样的意思也可用上述动词的过去完成时加动词不定式的一般式来表达。
I had hoped to visit the great pyramid. =I hoped to have visited the great pyramid. =I hoped to visit it, but I didn’t. 我本希望参观大金字塔的。
They would have liked to have your help. =They would like to have had your help. =They wanted to have your help but they didn’t have it. 他们本想得到你帮助的。
不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：
一般式：to be+过去分词
完成式：to have been+过去分词
You're lucky to have been accepted .你很幸运已经被接受了。
These criminals are to be hanged .这些罪犯是将被绞死的。
We're glad to have been invited. 受到邀请我们很高兴。
What's to be done next 下一步做什么？
为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。
You will make it if you try (to). 如果你努力，你会成功的。
Some of them retired, and others were ready to.一些人退休了，还有的准备退。
He always speaks faster than he needs to.他说话总是没必要的快。
I'd like to do it now, but I haven't got the time (to). 我倒是想现在干，但没时间。
“Would you go there with me ” “I'm glad to.”“你愿意和我一起去吗？”“愿意。”
You’d better sing an English song if they ask you (to) again.如果他们再要求你，你最后唱一首英文歌。
后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：
used to 常常 be going to 打算 mean to 打算 ought to 应该
plan to 计划 want to 要想
两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。
I intend to call on him and discuss this question again,我打算去拜访他并和他谈谈这个问题。
You're free to talk or laugh here.在这里你可以随便说笑。
He had nothing to do except talk nonsense. 除了胡说八道，他没别的事干。
I would rather die than be insulted.我宁死也不受侮辱。
I'll do anything but work on a farm. 除了去农场干活，我什么都干。
It's easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易，强迫人难。
It’s better to take a taxi than (to) wait here.搭出租车也比在这等强。
句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词（do作谓语，to do作定语等等），but后面的不定式就省掉to。
I have no choice but to go there alone. 除了独自一个去以外， 我别无选择。
I can do nothing but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。
I have nothing to do but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去我没事可干。
He did nothing but cry all day long. 他除了整天哭，什么也不干。
动名词
I.基本结构:“v+ing”
II.特点：既具有动词/名词的特点；
I hope you don’t mind my saying it.
Are you for or against having the meeting.
III.用法
1.主语
动名词做主语主要注意一下几点：
①多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态。
②)谓语动词通常用单数形式
③位置：位于句首；也可位于句末，此时用It 做形式主语
④动名词逻辑主语：形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格
Working with you is a pleasure.
Reading aloud is very helpful.
Do you mind my opening the door
注意:
常用it作形式主语, 常用doing 做形式主语的句型：
It is /feels funny doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth.
It’s useless / worthwhile doing sth.
It is no good / no use / no fun / no worth doing sth.
2.宾语
1)下列动词后只能加动名词doing作宾语
建议考虑坚持练 suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practice
允许想象弃冒险 permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk
阻止抵抗否避开 prevent, resist, deny, escape
不禁介意保持完 can’t help, mind, keep, finish
承认错过心喜欢 admit, miss, enjoy
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
2)词组后接doing
admit to prefer…to be used to
lead to devote oneself to
object to stick to look forward to
feel like
3)接动名词和不定式意义不同的几组词
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事/ stop doing 停止正在做的事
remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）/remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
regret to do对要做的事遗憾/regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
try to do尽全力，努力做某事/try doing尝试做某事
mean to do打算，有意要…/mean doing意味着
go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）/go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
used to do … 过去做某事 /be used to doing … 习惯做某事
动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
What would you like to eat tonight
need, want, require, worth动名词表被动意义
The room needs cleaning.
The book is well worth reading.
3.宾补
1)see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. doing sth. 强调动作正在进行
see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. do sth. 强调动作发生的事实
2) keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事
4.作定语
动名词做定语时常置于被修饰词之前，用于说明事物的用途或者性能。
A walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping.
5.作表语
动名词做表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置
His job is teaching the students.
My favorite sport is swimming.
动名词的形式
动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动名词的 一般形式
动名词作主语往往表示一般性的动作。并列句时两个分句具有一致性 , 都用动名词作主语。
1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ________ .
A. he’d like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
动名词的完成形式
如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，通常用动名词的完成式形式。
He didn’t mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
I don’t remember having ever promised you that.
动名词的被动形式
当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式
He did it without being asked.
They couldn’t stand being treated like that.
注：
如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如：
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.