外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown Presenting ideas同步检测练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown Presenting ideas同步检测练（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-02-05 12:37:55 | ||
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Unit5 Into the unknown——Presenting ideas
一、单句语法填空
1. It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming ______ it takes to be a good teacher.
2. The shocking news made me realize _____ terrible problems we would face.
3. If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention, that is _____ you have to stop working too hard and to have a rest.
4. The other day, my father drove his car down at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.
5. You have to know _____ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
二、阅读理解
Self driving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than human driven cars.But so far, most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair.Crash statistics for human driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations and all types of roads.However, most of the data on self driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead.Automated cars are good at those tasks, but so are humans.
It is true that self driving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk.But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver.Nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential dangers.They largely drive from moment to moment, rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.
To a self driving car, a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited field.Indeed, deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans, but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others.An automated system's limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate (评估) a situation the same way a human would.And machines can't be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events.
Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars.But experience from aviation (航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced, there is often an increase in the rate of disasters.
Therefore, comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully.To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.After all, choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a one for one exchange.
1．What makes the comparison between self driving cars and human driven cars unfair
A．Self driving cars never get tired.
B．Machines can make decisions faster.
C．Self driving cars know the world better.
D．Statistics are collected differently.
2．In which aspect can self driving cars beat human driven cars
A．Climbing steep slopes.
B．Driving steadily.
C．Evaluating the cost of loss.
D．Making complex decisions.
3．Why does the author write this text
A．To support human driven cars.
B．To show his doubt about self driving cars.
C．To call for exact evaluation of self driving cars.
D．To stress the importance of reducing car accidents.
4．What is the text type of the passage
A．A narrative. B．A description.
C．An argument. D．An exposition.
三、语法填空
The Mayan civilization was from a group of people 1. lived in Central America. The Maya people used a(n) 2. (write) language before Columbus came to the Americas in 1492 AD. They were good 3. art, building, and math. They knew about stars and planets, which helped them make calendars.
The Mayan civilization was the most important between the years of 250 AD and 900 AD. 4. (gradual), the Mayan civilization spread all the way from Central Mexico to Honduras, Guatemala, and northern El Salvador.
The Maya people traded with other people in the Americas. They made changes to their buildings to make them much 5. (good). The style in which they made 6. (they) buildings was often similar to styles of buildings in countries that the Maya people traded with.
The Mayan civilization started getting smaller after 900 AD. The Spanish arrived in 7. 15th century and took over Central America, even the Mayan areas. However, the Maya people still live there today. They even keep the old Mayan traditions and 8. (believe). There are many Mayan languages still spoken today, 9. (include) one called the Achi language. A play called Rabinal Achi 10. (consider) very important to the world.
四、阅读填句
Sleep to Lose Weight
A recent study found that people who sleep less tend to be fat. Experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep can fight obesity.
Nowadays, the most popular method to keep fit is doing more exercise and eating less. Some people even take weight-loss drugs to keep slim, which is unhealthy and harmful to your body. “ 1 As a result, we’ve failed to recognize the value of good sleep, ” said a physician.
Men sleep an average of 27 minutes less than women, and overweight and fat patients sleep less than patients with normal weights. In general, fat people just sleep about 1. 8 hours less a week than those with normal weights. 2 Only an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night contributes to a lower body mass index(身体质量指数).
We caution that this study does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between limited sleep and fatness. 3 Therefore, let’s stay thin by sleeping more!
Here are some other advantages of sleeping more.
You’ll learn better.
This isn’t just for children. Adults who get enough sleep also do better on tests of short-term memory.
4
After getting enough sleep, you will find yourself feeling happy and delighted.
Lower stress.
5 With that people can better control their blood pressure.
A. Better mood.
B. You will be energized.
C. Sleep can definitely reduce levels of stress.
D. We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise.
E. The study is intended to offer a healthy way to help people sleep longer.
F. The experts suggest that too much extension of sleep time not be necessary.
G. However, investigations of successful weight loss by sleeping more help prove such a connection.
一、单句语法填空
1.what
2.what
3.when
4.what
5.where
二、阅读理解
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Crash statistics for human driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations and all types of roads.However, most of the data on self driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead.”可知，统计数据的收集方式不同，使得自动驾驶汽车和人类驾驶汽车之间的比较不公平。故选D。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars.”可知，有些人可能会说，仅仅减少受伤和死亡人数的承诺足以支持无人驾驶汽车。说明无人驾驶汽车非常稳定。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.”可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁对自动驾驶汽车进行准确的评估。故选C。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章主要内容为讨论无人驾驶与人类驾驶之间的优点和缺点以及最后作者呼吁对自动驾驶汽车进行准确的评估可知，文章主要是采用议论文的形式来展开说明的。故选C。
三、语法填空
1. who。考查定语从句。句意: 玛雅文明起源于居住在中美洲的一群人。分析句子可知, 本句为定语从句, 先行词为a group of people, 为人, who在从句中作主语引导定语从句。故填who。
2. written。考查过去分词。句意: 玛雅人在1492年哥伦布来到美洲之前就使用了书面语言。分析句子可知, 所填空处作定语修饰language, “语言”与“写”为逻辑上的被动关系, 用过去分词。故填written。
3.at。考查固定短语和介词。句意: 他们擅长艺术、建筑和数学。be good at为固定搭配, 意为“擅长”。故填at。
4. Gradually。考查副词。句意: 玛雅文明逐渐从墨西哥中部传播到洪都拉斯、危地马拉和萨尔瓦多北部。结合语境可知, 玛雅文明逐渐开始向其他地区传播。故填Gradually。
5. better。考查比较级。句意: 他们对自己的建筑进行了改造, 使之更好。分析句子, 结合前文much可知, 此处用good的比较级。故填better。
6. their。考查形容词性物主代词。句意: 他们建造的建筑的风格往往与玛雅人有贸易往来的国家的建筑风格相似。结合语境可知, 此处是他们的建筑。故填their。
7. the。考查定冠词。句意: 西班牙人在15世纪到达并占领了中美洲, 甚至玛雅地区。分析句子可知, in the 15th century为固定搭配, 意为“在15世纪”。故填the。
8. beliefs。考查名词。句意: 他们甚至保留了古老的玛雅传统和信仰。分析句子, 结合前文traditions可知, 此处用believe的名词复数形式。故填beliefs。
9. including。考查介词。句意: 许多玛雅语言至今仍在使用, 包括一种叫做阿齐语的语言。分析句子可知, 所填空处用介词including作状语。故填including。
10. is considered。考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意: 一部叫做Rabinal Achi的戏剧对世界来说非常重要。分析句子可知, 戏剧与认为为逻辑上的被动关系, 描述现在的事实用一般现在时, 且主语A play是单数。故填is considered。
四、阅读填句
1. D。由本段第一句“现在, 最流行的保持健康的方法是多锻炼和少吃。”和空后一句“因此, 我们没有认识到良好睡眠的价值”可知, 承接上下文, D选项“我们太强调饮食和锻炼。”切题。该选项中的diet and exercise对应上文中的exercise and eating less, 正是因为太强调运动饮食才会忽视睡眠的重要性。故选D。
2. F。由上一句“一般来说, 肥胖的人每周只比正常体重的人少睡1. 8小时。”和空后一句“每晚只多睡20分钟有助于降低身体质量指数。”可知, 承接上下文, F选项“专家建议不必过多延长睡眠时间。”切题。该选项中的too much extension of sleep time not be necessary对应下文中的Only an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night。故选F。
3. G。由上一句“我们谨慎说, 这项研究并没有在有限睡眠和肥胖之间建立因果关系。”和空后那句“因此, 让我们多睡一会儿, 保持苗条! ”可知, 承接上下文, G选项“然而, 通过更多睡眠成功减肥的调查有助于证明这种联系。”切题。该选项中的such a connection对应上文中的a cause-and-effect relationship between limited sleep and fatness, 也对应后文“通过多睡保持苗条”。故选G。
4. A。由下文“睡眠充足后, 你会发现自己感到快乐。”可知, 承接下文, A选项“更好的心情。”切题。该选项中Better mood对应下文中的feeling happy and delighted。故选A。
5. C。由标题“减少压力”可知, 承接上文, C选项“睡眠绝对可以减轻压力。”切题。该选项中reduce levels of stress对应上文中的Lower stress。故选C。
第1页（共3页）
一、单句语法填空
1. It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming ______ it takes to be a good teacher.
2. The shocking news made me realize _____ terrible problems we would face.
3. If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention, that is _____ you have to stop working too hard and to have a rest.
4. The other day, my father drove his car down at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.
5. You have to know _____ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
二、阅读理解
Self driving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than human driven cars.But so far, most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair.Crash statistics for human driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations and all types of roads.However, most of the data on self driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead.Automated cars are good at those tasks, but so are humans.
It is true that self driving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk.But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver.Nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential dangers.They largely drive from moment to moment, rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.
To a self driving car, a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited field.Indeed, deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans, but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others.An automated system's limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate (评估) a situation the same way a human would.And machines can't be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events.
Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars.But experience from aviation (航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced, there is often an increase in the rate of disasters.
Therefore, comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully.To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.After all, choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a one for one exchange.
1．What makes the comparison between self driving cars and human driven cars unfair
A．Self driving cars never get tired.
B．Machines can make decisions faster.
C．Self driving cars know the world better.
D．Statistics are collected differently.
2．In which aspect can self driving cars beat human driven cars
A．Climbing steep slopes.
B．Driving steadily.
C．Evaluating the cost of loss.
D．Making complex decisions.
3．Why does the author write this text
A．To support human driven cars.
B．To show his doubt about self driving cars.
C．To call for exact evaluation of self driving cars.
D．To stress the importance of reducing car accidents.
4．What is the text type of the passage
A．A narrative. B．A description.
C．An argument. D．An exposition.
三、语法填空
The Mayan civilization was from a group of people 1. lived in Central America. The Maya people used a(n) 2. (write) language before Columbus came to the Americas in 1492 AD. They were good 3. art, building, and math. They knew about stars and planets, which helped them make calendars.
The Mayan civilization was the most important between the years of 250 AD and 900 AD. 4. (gradual), the Mayan civilization spread all the way from Central Mexico to Honduras, Guatemala, and northern El Salvador.
The Maya people traded with other people in the Americas. They made changes to their buildings to make them much 5. (good). The style in which they made 6. (they) buildings was often similar to styles of buildings in countries that the Maya people traded with.
The Mayan civilization started getting smaller after 900 AD. The Spanish arrived in 7. 15th century and took over Central America, even the Mayan areas. However, the Maya people still live there today. They even keep the old Mayan traditions and 8. (believe). There are many Mayan languages still spoken today, 9. (include) one called the Achi language. A play called Rabinal Achi 10. (consider) very important to the world.
四、阅读填句
Sleep to Lose Weight
A recent study found that people who sleep less tend to be fat. Experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep can fight obesity.
Nowadays, the most popular method to keep fit is doing more exercise and eating less. Some people even take weight-loss drugs to keep slim, which is unhealthy and harmful to your body. “ 1 As a result, we’ve failed to recognize the value of good sleep, ” said a physician.
Men sleep an average of 27 minutes less than women, and overweight and fat patients sleep less than patients with normal weights. In general, fat people just sleep about 1. 8 hours less a week than those with normal weights. 2 Only an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night contributes to a lower body mass index(身体质量指数).
We caution that this study does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between limited sleep and fatness. 3 Therefore, let’s stay thin by sleeping more!
Here are some other advantages of sleeping more.
You’ll learn better.
This isn’t just for children. Adults who get enough sleep also do better on tests of short-term memory.
4
After getting enough sleep, you will find yourself feeling happy and delighted.
Lower stress.
5 With that people can better control their blood pressure.
A. Better mood.
B. You will be energized.
C. Sleep can definitely reduce levels of stress.
D. We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise.
E. The study is intended to offer a healthy way to help people sleep longer.
F. The experts suggest that too much extension of sleep time not be necessary.
G. However, investigations of successful weight loss by sleeping more help prove such a connection.
一、单句语法填空
1.what
2.what
3.when
4.what
5.where
二、阅读理解
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Crash statistics for human driven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations and all types of roads.However, most of the data on self driving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead.”可知，统计数据的收集方式不同，使得自动驾驶汽车和人类驾驶汽车之间的比较不公平。故选D。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars.”可知，有些人可能会说，仅仅减少受伤和死亡人数的承诺足以支持无人驾驶汽车。说明无人驾驶汽车非常稳定。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.”可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁对自动驾驶汽车进行准确的评估。故选C。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章主要内容为讨论无人驾驶与人类驾驶之间的优点和缺点以及最后作者呼吁对自动驾驶汽车进行准确的评估可知，文章主要是采用议论文的形式来展开说明的。故选C。
三、语法填空
1. who。考查定语从句。句意: 玛雅文明起源于居住在中美洲的一群人。分析句子可知, 本句为定语从句, 先行词为a group of people, 为人, who在从句中作主语引导定语从句。故填who。
2. written。考查过去分词。句意: 玛雅人在1492年哥伦布来到美洲之前就使用了书面语言。分析句子可知, 所填空处作定语修饰language, “语言”与“写”为逻辑上的被动关系, 用过去分词。故填written。
3.at。考查固定短语和介词。句意: 他们擅长艺术、建筑和数学。be good at为固定搭配, 意为“擅长”。故填at。
4. Gradually。考查副词。句意: 玛雅文明逐渐从墨西哥中部传播到洪都拉斯、危地马拉和萨尔瓦多北部。结合语境可知, 玛雅文明逐渐开始向其他地区传播。故填Gradually。
5. better。考查比较级。句意: 他们对自己的建筑进行了改造, 使之更好。分析句子, 结合前文much可知, 此处用good的比较级。故填better。
6. their。考查形容词性物主代词。句意: 他们建造的建筑的风格往往与玛雅人有贸易往来的国家的建筑风格相似。结合语境可知, 此处是他们的建筑。故填their。
7. the。考查定冠词。句意: 西班牙人在15世纪到达并占领了中美洲, 甚至玛雅地区。分析句子可知, in the 15th century为固定搭配, 意为“在15世纪”。故填the。
8. beliefs。考查名词。句意: 他们甚至保留了古老的玛雅传统和信仰。分析句子, 结合前文traditions可知, 此处用believe的名词复数形式。故填beliefs。
9. including。考查介词。句意: 许多玛雅语言至今仍在使用, 包括一种叫做阿齐语的语言。分析句子可知, 所填空处用介词including作状语。故填including。
10. is considered。考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意: 一部叫做Rabinal Achi的戏剧对世界来说非常重要。分析句子可知, 戏剧与认为为逻辑上的被动关系, 描述现在的事实用一般现在时, 且主语A play是单数。故填is considered。
四、阅读填句
1. D。由本段第一句“现在, 最流行的保持健康的方法是多锻炼和少吃。”和空后一句“因此, 我们没有认识到良好睡眠的价值”可知, 承接上下文, D选项“我们太强调饮食和锻炼。”切题。该选项中的diet and exercise对应上文中的exercise and eating less, 正是因为太强调运动饮食才会忽视睡眠的重要性。故选D。
2. F。由上一句“一般来说, 肥胖的人每周只比正常体重的人少睡1. 8小时。”和空后一句“每晚只多睡20分钟有助于降低身体质量指数。”可知, 承接上下文, F选项“专家建议不必过多延长睡眠时间。”切题。该选项中的too much extension of sleep time not be necessary对应下文中的Only an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night。故选F。
3. G。由上一句“我们谨慎说, 这项研究并没有在有限睡眠和肥胖之间建立因果关系。”和空后那句“因此, 让我们多睡一会儿, 保持苗条! ”可知, 承接上下文, G选项“然而, 通过更多睡眠成功减肥的调查有助于证明这种联系。”切题。该选项中的such a connection对应上文中的a cause-and-effect relationship between limited sleep and fatness, 也对应后文“通过多睡保持苗条”。故选G。
4. A。由下文“睡眠充足后, 你会发现自己感到快乐。”可知, 承接下文, A选项“更好的心情。”切题。该选项中Better mood对应下文中的feeling happy and delighted。故选A。
5. C。由标题“减少压力”可知, 承接上文, C选项“睡眠绝对可以减轻压力。”切题。该选项中reduce levels of stress对应上文中的Lower stress。故选C。
第1页（共3页）