外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond Understanding ideas同步检测练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond Understanding ideas同步检测练（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-02-05 13:07:18 | ||
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Unit6 Space and beyond——Understanding ideas
一、完成句子
1. I know a garden ____________.
我知道一个花园, 在那里你可以找到野草莓。(where引导定语从句)
2. The boy ______________________.
刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。(to whom引导定语从句)
3. The house ______________________ is my uncle’s.
窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。(whose引导定语从句)
4. The room __________________.
朝南的房间是我们的教室。(现在分词短语作定语)
5. The concert _________________ was a great success. 该交响乐团举行的音乐会大为成功。(过去分词作定语)
二、完形填空
Space exploration has always been the province of 1 : The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (聪明才智)struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries 2 the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the 3 ’s end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous 4 speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and 5 American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up 6 each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的)and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its 7 .
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no 8 . The perpetual argument is that 9 are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury— 10 saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, 11 out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within 12 of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.
The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off 13 they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can 14 what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is 15 greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
1. A. dreamers B. explorers
C. astronomers D. novelists
2. A. after B. before C. until D. while
3. A. year B. quarter C. century D. decade
4. A. inspiring B. public
C. dream D. freedom
5. A. attacked B. industrialized
C. transformed D. accessed
6. A. in conflict with B. in line with
C. in common with D. keeping pace with
7. A. aims B. influences
C. concerns D. terms
8. A. ancestor B. successor
C. forefather D. advocate
9. A. situations B. securities
C. funds D. schedules
10. A. just like B. on condition that
C. as if D. so that
11. A. making B. figuring
C. sweeping D. mapping
12. A. reach B. management
C. control D. knowledge
13. A. productions B. chips
C. technologies D. substitutes
14. A. go beyond B. go through
C. go after D. go over
15. A. in ignorance of B. capable of
C. proud of D. in favor of
三、阅读理解
Do astronauts get space sickness when they travel from Earth to the International Space Station (ISS) Yes, astronauts can get space sickness travelling to the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的)Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening.
As you probably know, gravity is lower inside the ISS. The low gravity in space allows astronauts to float around, which looks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness.
Recent experiments show that space sickness is related to our inner ear. Two separate parts of the inner ear respond to sudden changes in direction. If you shake or move your head very quickly, you can get dizzy. However, this normally passes very quickly. This normal response is upset under low gravity: your inner ear thinks you are constantly moving. It takes some time to adapt to the new condition of weightlessness. It is made worse if you move your head while your body is still adapting. This is why previous astronauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely to suffer from space sickness more than the current astronauts travelling in the cramped Soyuz spacecraft. The astronauts were less likely to move their heads around very much in a narrow space.
Space sickness was not talked about in the early space missions (任务). The original Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Soyuz, cramped. The astronauts were less likely to get sick, so space sickness no longer became a concern of NASA.
In 1983 the first detailed study was carried out aboard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7)by astronaut-doctor Norm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astronauts themselves. None of them wanted to admit being space sick. They were worried that mission control might remove them from space walking opportunities, or even worse, that they might not get included on later space missions.
1. What was the problem with the Space Shuttle
A. It was too slow.
B. It was too small.
C. It broke down often.
D. It had too much space.
2. How does low gravity hurt astronauts
A. It fools their inner ear.
B. It causes pain in their head.
C. It stops them shaking their head.
D. It prevents them measuring their weight.
3. Why wasn’t NASA worried about space sickness until later missions
A. The condition had been kept secret to the public.
B. There were few detailed studies on it.
C. The old spacecraft were better equipped.
D. The astronauts were less likely to get sick.
4. What does the underlined word “hampered” in the last paragraph mean
A. Changed. B. Improved.
C. Blocked. D. Compared.
一、完成句子
1.here you can find wild strawberries
2.to whom I spoke is my brother
3.whose windows face the street
4.facing south is our classroom
5.given by the symphony
二、完形填空
1.A。句意: 太空探索一直是梦想家的领域: 人类的想象力随时可以在人类的聪明才智努力追随的地方翱翔。 dreamers梦想家; explorers探险家; astronomers天文学家; novelists小说家。该空格对应着后句中的the human imagination, 因此推断应该是梦想家。故选A。
2.B。句意: 直到他死后三百年第一个人造火箭才开始飞行。 after在……之后; before在……之前; until直到……才……; while当……时候。根据句意和常识可知, 是在他死后才有的人造飞船。故选B。
3.D。句意: 1961年, 当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人送上月球时, 那些话也有一种梦幻般的意味。 year年; quarter一刻钟; century世纪; decade十年。该空对应着后文中的by the end of the decade, 因此选用decade。故选D。
4.C。句意: 这些演讲中洋溢着乐观和雄心壮志, 就像马丁·路德·金发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。 inspiring鼓舞人心的; public公众的; dream梦想; freedom自由。全文集中讲述梦想, 所以是梦想演讲。故选C。
5.C。句意: 在这十年结束前, 这两种愿景都取得了具体成果, 改变了美国社会。 attacked攻击; industrialized使工业化; transformed转变; accessed接近。故选C。
6.A。句意: 然而, 这两个梦想在很多方面都以相互冲突而告终。 in conflict with和……冲突; in line with符合, 与……一致; in common with与……一样; keeping pace with 跟上。句子中yet 形成转折, 因此选择两种梦想互相冲突。故选A。
7.A。句意: 探索太空的欲望正好相反。在它的目的上, 无论是比喻上还是字面上, 它都是超凡脱俗的。 aims目标; influences影响; concerns关心; terms条款。根据上文The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. 可知, 此处是指目标上。故选A。
8.B。句意: 技术上受到威胁的航天飞机计划刚刚结束, 没有继任者。 ancestor祖先; successor继承人; forefather先辈; advocate拥护者。与上文中的has just come to an end顺承, 即航天飞机计划搁浅并且没有继承人。故选B。
9.C。句意: 长期的争论是资金紧张, 我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。situations状况; securities证券; funds资金, 基金; schedules日程安排。与后句中的federal deficit(联邦财政赤字)对应, 应该是财政吃紧。故选C。
10.C。句意: 到达太空是非必需的奢侈品, 好像我们需要节省一整年的千分之一的预算才能解决我们的问题。 just like正如; on condition that如果; as if好像; so that 以便。根据句意, 尤其是空前的破折号可知, 此处是一种比方。故选C。
11.D 。句意: 他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色, 为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图, 无论探险者是人还是机器。making制作; figuring计算; sweeping打扫; mapping绘图。根据句意中提到的Magellans可知, 此处是指为探险者绘制蓝图。故选D。
12.A。句意: 几年后, 富裕的平民百姓可以进行私人太空飞行。reach范围; management管理; control控制; knowledge知识。within reach of 够得到, 结合句意。故选A。
13.C。句意: 太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式, 或者因为他们生产的副产品技术, 而是因为这两种梦想相互促进。 productions产品; chips炸薯条; technologies技术; substitutes替代品。结合句意和语境及句中的or可知, 此处是指技术。故选C。
14.A。句意: 马丁·路德·金和约翰·肯尼迪都呼吁人们能够超越曾经被认为是固有的局限性。 go beyond超出; go through经历; go after追求; go over复习。根据下文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. 明天我们也将超越这些, 而梦想家们将得到很大的赞扬。可知, 此处是指超出固有的局限性。故选A。
15.B。句意: 我们收集到的证据越多, 表明我们这个物种有能力成就伟大的事业, 我们就会取得越多的成就。in ignorance of不知道; capable of能够; proud of为……自豪; in favor of支持。根据上文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. 可知, 这些都是我们的能力。故选B。
三、阅读理解
1.D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening. 可知, 先前使用的太空飞船空间太大, 增加了宇航员得太空病的几率。故选D项。
2.A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 在太空低重力的环境中, 内耳应对突然改变的方向的能力受到了干扰, 会将宇航员漂浮的状态视作对方在不断移动, 进而造成宇航员的晕眩, 如果宇航员摇头, 晕眩会加剧。故选A项。
3.D。推理判断题。根据第四段可知, 先前使用的“水星”号飞船和“双子星座”号飞船与现在使用的“联盟”号飞船的空间一样狭窄, 所以宇航员不易得太空病。再结合第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now可知, 若飞船空间狭小, 则宇航员不易得太空病, 这也是为什么美国国家航空航天局之前未将太空病视作忧患的原因。故选D项。
4.C。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后两句可知, 宇航员们不愿意承认自己曾遭受太空病的侵扰, 担心这会影响自己的职业生涯, 这妨碍了对太空病的研究。由此推知, 画线词hampered意为“阻碍, 妨碍”。故选C项。
第1页（共3页）
一、完成句子
1. I know a garden ____________.
我知道一个花园, 在那里你可以找到野草莓。(where引导定语从句)
2. The boy ______________________.
刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。(to whom引导定语从句)
3. The house ______________________ is my uncle’s.
窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。(whose引导定语从句)
4. The room __________________.
朝南的房间是我们的教室。(现在分词短语作定语)
5. The concert _________________ was a great success. 该交响乐团举行的音乐会大为成功。(过去分词作定语)
二、完形填空
Space exploration has always been the province of 1 : The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (聪明才智)struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries 2 the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the 3 ’s end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous 4 speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and 5 American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up 6 each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的)and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its 7 .
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no 8 . The perpetual argument is that 9 are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury— 10 saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, 11 out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within 12 of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.
The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off 13 they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can 14 what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is 15 greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
1. A. dreamers B. explorers
C. astronomers D. novelists
2. A. after B. before C. until D. while
3. A. year B. quarter C. century D. decade
4. A. inspiring B. public
C. dream D. freedom
5. A. attacked B. industrialized
C. transformed D. accessed
6. A. in conflict with B. in line with
C. in common with D. keeping pace with
7. A. aims B. influences
C. concerns D. terms
8. A. ancestor B. successor
C. forefather D. advocate
9. A. situations B. securities
C. funds D. schedules
10. A. just like B. on condition that
C. as if D. so that
11. A. making B. figuring
C. sweeping D. mapping
12. A. reach B. management
C. control D. knowledge
13. A. productions B. chips
C. technologies D. substitutes
14. A. go beyond B. go through
C. go after D. go over
15. A. in ignorance of B. capable of
C. proud of D. in favor of
三、阅读理解
Do astronauts get space sickness when they travel from Earth to the International Space Station (ISS) Yes, astronauts can get space sickness travelling to the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的)Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening.
As you probably know, gravity is lower inside the ISS. The low gravity in space allows astronauts to float around, which looks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness.
Recent experiments show that space sickness is related to our inner ear. Two separate parts of the inner ear respond to sudden changes in direction. If you shake or move your head very quickly, you can get dizzy. However, this normally passes very quickly. This normal response is upset under low gravity: your inner ear thinks you are constantly moving. It takes some time to adapt to the new condition of weightlessness. It is made worse if you move your head while your body is still adapting. This is why previous astronauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely to suffer from space sickness more than the current astronauts travelling in the cramped Soyuz spacecraft. The astronauts were less likely to move their heads around very much in a narrow space.
Space sickness was not talked about in the early space missions (任务). The original Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Soyuz, cramped. The astronauts were less likely to get sick, so space sickness no longer became a concern of NASA.
In 1983 the first detailed study was carried out aboard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7)by astronaut-doctor Norm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astronauts themselves. None of them wanted to admit being space sick. They were worried that mission control might remove them from space walking opportunities, or even worse, that they might not get included on later space missions.
1. What was the problem with the Space Shuttle
A. It was too slow.
B. It was too small.
C. It broke down often.
D. It had too much space.
2. How does low gravity hurt astronauts
A. It fools their inner ear.
B. It causes pain in their head.
C. It stops them shaking their head.
D. It prevents them measuring their weight.
3. Why wasn’t NASA worried about space sickness until later missions
A. The condition had been kept secret to the public.
B. There were few detailed studies on it.
C. The old spacecraft were better equipped.
D. The astronauts were less likely to get sick.
4. What does the underlined word “hampered” in the last paragraph mean
A. Changed. B. Improved.
C. Blocked. D. Compared.
一、完成句子
1.here you can find wild strawberries
2.to whom I spoke is my brother
3.whose windows face the street
4.facing south is our classroom
5.given by the symphony
二、完形填空
1.A。句意: 太空探索一直是梦想家的领域: 人类的想象力随时可以在人类的聪明才智努力追随的地方翱翔。 dreamers梦想家; explorers探险家; astronomers天文学家; novelists小说家。该空格对应着后句中的the human imagination, 因此推断应该是梦想家。故选A。
2.B。句意: 直到他死后三百年第一个人造火箭才开始飞行。 after在……之后; before在……之前; until直到……才……; while当……时候。根据句意和常识可知, 是在他死后才有的人造飞船。故选B。
3.D。句意: 1961年, 当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人送上月球时, 那些话也有一种梦幻般的意味。 year年; quarter一刻钟; century世纪; decade十年。该空对应着后文中的by the end of the decade, 因此选用decade。故选D。
4.C。句意: 这些演讲中洋溢着乐观和雄心壮志, 就像马丁·路德·金发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。 inspiring鼓舞人心的; public公众的; dream梦想; freedom自由。全文集中讲述梦想, 所以是梦想演讲。故选C。
5.C。句意: 在这十年结束前, 这两种愿景都取得了具体成果, 改变了美国社会。 attacked攻击; industrialized使工业化; transformed转变; accessed接近。故选C。
6.A。句意: 然而, 这两个梦想在很多方面都以相互冲突而告终。 in conflict with和……冲突; in line with符合, 与……一致; in common with与……一样; keeping pace with 跟上。句子中yet 形成转折, 因此选择两种梦想互相冲突。故选A。
7.A。句意: 探索太空的欲望正好相反。在它的目的上, 无论是比喻上还是字面上, 它都是超凡脱俗的。 aims目标; influences影响; concerns关心; terms条款。根据上文The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. 可知, 此处是指目标上。故选A。
8.B。句意: 技术上受到威胁的航天飞机计划刚刚结束, 没有继任者。 ancestor祖先; successor继承人; forefather先辈; advocate拥护者。与上文中的has just come to an end顺承, 即航天飞机计划搁浅并且没有继承人。故选B。
9.C。句意: 长期的争论是资金紧张, 我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。situations状况; securities证券; funds资金, 基金; schedules日程安排。与后句中的federal deficit(联邦财政赤字)对应, 应该是财政吃紧。故选C。
10.C。句意: 到达太空是非必需的奢侈品, 好像我们需要节省一整年的千分之一的预算才能解决我们的问题。 just like正如; on condition that如果; as if好像; so that 以便。根据句意, 尤其是空前的破折号可知, 此处是一种比方。故选C。
11.D 。句意: 他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色, 为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图, 无论探险者是人还是机器。making制作; figuring计算; sweeping打扫; mapping绘图。根据句意中提到的Magellans可知, 此处是指为探险者绘制蓝图。故选D。
12.A。句意: 几年后, 富裕的平民百姓可以进行私人太空飞行。reach范围; management管理; control控制; knowledge知识。within reach of 够得到, 结合句意。故选A。
13.C。句意: 太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式, 或者因为他们生产的副产品技术, 而是因为这两种梦想相互促进。 productions产品; chips炸薯条; technologies技术; substitutes替代品。结合句意和语境及句中的or可知, 此处是指技术。故选C。
14.A。句意: 马丁·路德·金和约翰·肯尼迪都呼吁人们能够超越曾经被认为是固有的局限性。 go beyond超出; go through经历; go after追求; go over复习。根据下文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. 明天我们也将超越这些, 而梦想家们将得到很大的赞扬。可知, 此处是指超出固有的局限性。故选A。
15.B。句意: 我们收集到的证据越多, 表明我们这个物种有能力成就伟大的事业, 我们就会取得越多的成就。in ignorance of不知道; capable of能够; proud of为……自豪; in favor of支持。根据上文Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. 可知, 这些都是我们的能力。故选B。
三、阅读理解
1.D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening. 可知, 先前使用的太空飞船空间太大, 增加了宇航员得太空病的几率。故选D项。
2.A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 在太空低重力的环境中, 内耳应对突然改变的方向的能力受到了干扰, 会将宇航员漂浮的状态视作对方在不断移动, 进而造成宇航员的晕眩, 如果宇航员摇头, 晕眩会加剧。故选A项。
3.D。推理判断题。根据第四段可知, 先前使用的“水星”号飞船和“双子星座”号飞船与现在使用的“联盟”号飞船的空间一样狭窄, 所以宇航员不易得太空病。再结合第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now可知, 若飞船空间狭小, 则宇航员不易得太空病, 这也是为什么美国国家航空航天局之前未将太空病视作忧患的原因。故选D项。
4.C。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后两句可知, 宇航员们不愿意承认自己曾遭受太空病的侵扰, 担心这会影响自己的职业生涯, 这妨碍了对太空病的研究。由此推知, 画线词hampered意为“阻碍, 妨碍”。故选C项。
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