高考英语语法考情分析及真题感悟十介词和数词学案（含答案）

高考英语语法考情分析及真题感悟十介词和数词
考情分析
语法填空经常考查介词、介词短语，涉及的主要是固定搭配里的介词。在备考时，考生应掌握介词的基本用法、常用介词短语的含义以及含介词的动词短语搭配。数词主要考查基数词和序数词的用法，在语法填空中虽然考查频率不高，但备考时也不能忽视。
一、真题感悟
1. (2021年全国甲卷·62) It was built originally to protect the city _______ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
答案：in
解析：考查介词。in the Tang dynasty在唐朝。
2. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Oranges: Orange trees are more _______ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
答案：than
解析：考查介词。因more than为固定搭配，其后接名词，意为“不仅仅是”。句意为：橘子树不仅仅是装饰；它们是好运和财富的象征。
3. (2021年全国甲卷 改错) One of the questions is: Who will you go in times of trouble
答案：在go后加to
解析：考查介词。因go为不及物动词，不可直接接宾语，故在go后加to。
4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷 改错) In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.
答案：eighteenth
解析：考查序数词。根据句意“在我18岁生日后的暑假……”可知，表达生日应用序数词eighteenth。
5. (2021年联考题) He is the _______ (five) person to ask me the same question.
答案：fifth
解析：考查序数词。根据句意“他是第五个问我相同问题的人”，应用序数词fifth。
二、真题再练
单句语法填空
1. (2021年全国乙卷·64) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _______ the late 1980s.
2. (2021年全国乙卷·66) Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _______ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
3. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·67) Bamboo plants are associated _______ health, abundance and a happy home.
4. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·70) The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _______ Earth, Mother Nature.
5. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·63) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _______ dogs, seven to be exact.
6. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·67) I was searching _______ these three western lowland gorillas I’d …
7. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·61) This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) _______ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects …
8. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·62) The first underground passenger railway allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _______ work.
9. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·68) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _______ engineering or architecture.
10. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·64) But my connection with pandas goes back _______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s …
11. (2016全国Ⅱ卷·64) Most of us are more focused _______ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
12. (2016全国Ⅲ卷·70) In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _______ their hands.
13. (2015全国Ⅰ卷·66) For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away _______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
14. (2021联考题) However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one _______ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half of the population.
15. (2021联考题) What they learnt helped them make _______ first airplane flight in 1903.
【参考答案】
1. until 考查介词。句中考查了not...until...（直到……才……）句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。
2. of 考查介词。various types of为固定搭配，意思是“各种类型的”。
3. with 考查介词。be associated with...为固定搭配，意为“与……有关联的”。句意为：竹子寓意健康、富足和家庭幸福。
4. on 考查介词。on Earth为固定搭配，意为“在世界上”。句意为：这位画家终于在世界上最伟大的画家“大自然”面前感到了谦卑。
5. of 考查介词。a pack of为固定搭配，意为“一群”。
6. for 考查介词。search for为固定搭配，意为“搜寻”。
7. as 考查介词。表示“作为”一种方法。
8. from 考查介词。to and from是固定搭配，表示“往返，来回”，to and from work意为“上下班”。
9. in 考查介词。表示“某方面的学位”用介词in。如：take/get a degree in law获得法律学位。
10. to 考查介词。go back to为固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。
11. on 考查介词。be focused on为固定搭配，意为“集中精力于”。
12. with 考查介词。表示“用”应用介词with。
13. by 考查介词。指乘车一个小时的路程。表示交通方式的“乘；坐”用介词by，如：by boat/bus/car/plane乘船/公共汽车/小汽车/飞机，by air/land/sea航空/陆路/航海。
14. third 考查序数词。根据句意“胡同占三分之一的面积……”可知，表分数用序数词third。
15. the 考查序数词和冠词。根据句意“他们学习的东西帮助他们在1903年成功进行了第一次飞行”可知，序数词前用定冠词the修饰。