(共32张PPT)
1. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
它也帮助控制你的体温，防止你的身体失去过多水分，当物体太热或太冷时给你警告，并且让你有触觉。
句子结构分析：
本句是一个复合句，句中helps, prevents, warns 和gives是and连接的四个并列谓语。
when things are too hot or cold 是when引导的时间状语从句，修饰动词warns。
prevent… (from) doing 阻止……做……
e.g. The emperor ordered his porters to prevent the speaker (from) entering the building.
prevent… (from) doing sth.
keep … from doing sth.
stop …(from) doing sth.
protect …from/ against… 保护……免受……
阻止……做某事
注意：keep… from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) There is no denying that sunglasses can help
________________________________ (以保护眼睛免受伤害).
2) Anyhow, children should be ____________________
_________________________________ (阻止孩子们玩火).
prevent/ stop your eyes being harmed
prevented / kept / stopped from playing with fire
sense of touch 触觉
sense of smell/ taste/sight/hearing 嗅觉/ 味觉/视觉/听觉
a sense of responsibility/duty 责任感
a sense of direction/humour/achievement/belonging/ satisfaction /loss 方向感/幽默感/成就感/归属感/满足感/失落感
common sense 常识
in a (broad) sense 从某种意义(广义)上说
make sense 有意义，讲得通
make sense of 弄懂……的意思
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) It doesn’t ________________ (有意义) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
2) In summary, he is a person with ______________________ (有责任感).
3) Can you ___________________ (看得懂) this poem
4) Cats have a very acute _____________________ (听觉).
make sense
a sense of responsibility/duty
make sense of
sense of hearing
2. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
正如你所能想象的，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
lead to: result in 导致；造成（后果）
e.g. There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
His volunteer work in the hospital led to a career in nursing.
关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在句中作宾语。
动名词短语在句中作主语。
lead sb. to＋n. 带领……通往/到……
lead sb. to do sth. 使……做……
lead to sb. / sth. doing sth. 导致某人/某物做某事
lead a ... life 过着……的生活
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。
2) 这项政策已使得房价降低了。
3) 这条路通向公园。
4) 她带领我们到了楼上的房间。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
This policy has led to house prices being reduced.
The road leads to the park.
She led us to a room upstairs.
3. hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.
热液体、蒸汽、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其它化学物质。
radiation n. 辐射，放射线
a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to health ;
radiate v. 1) to show an emotion or quality (使品质或情感) 显出，流露；
2) to produce heat and/or light, or (of heat or light) to be produced（使热、光、能量）辐射，放射，发散
e.g. Kindness radiated from her.
她显得很友善。
The log fire radiated a warm cosy glow.
燃烧的圆木发出温暖舒适的光。
4. dry, red, and mildly swollen
干燥、发红、轻度水肿
swollen adj. a part of your body that is swollen is bigger than usual, especially because you are ill or injured
（身体部位）肿起的，肿胀的
e.g. Her eyes were swollen from crying.
swell v. （swelled, swollen）
1) to become larger and rounder than usual (使)膨胀；(使)肿胀；(使)鼓起
2) to (cause to) increase in size or amount (使)增加
e.g. Her ankle was already starting to swell.
The sails swelled (out) in the wind.
5. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
除非你看见织物粘在烧伤皮肤上，否则都要把它脱掉（必要时可用剪刀帮助）。
句子结构分析：
本句为主从复合句，unless引导条件状语从句。
if necessary可看作状语从句if (it is) necessary 的省略。
现在分词短语作方式状语。
stick to 粘住；坚持
stick to one’s dream/work 坚持梦想/履行诺言
e.g. Perhaps he should have stuck to writing.
stick out 伸出，突出
stuck adj. 卡住；陷（入）；困（于）
get/be stuck in 陷入……中，困在……中
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) I _________________________ (被一道数学题难住了), but it didn’t depress me.
2) We should _________________________ (坚持我们的梦想) in any case.
3) She made a face and ____________________ (伸出她的舌头) at him.
got stuck in a math problem
stick to our dream
stuck out her tongue
6. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤部位。
loose adj. 1) not tied up 松的；未系紧的
2) (of clothes) not fitting closely to the body 宽松的
have a loose tongue 多嘴，饶舌
loosely adv. 宽松地；松散地
loosen vt.（使）变松；松开，解开；（使）松散
loosen one’s tongue 使无拘无束地说话
loosen (sb/ sth) up（使）放松
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 一瓶酒下肚，老人的话匣子打开了。
A bottle of wine had ________________________________.
2) 农民们正在利用闲暇时间来松土。
Farmers are making use of their spare time to ______________.
3) 她的头发披散在肩上。
Her hair _______________ around her shoulders.
loosen the soil
loosened the old man’s tongue
fell / falls loose
7. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
在受伤的地方涂油不是一个好主意，因为它会导致伤口的热量无法散发，并可能导致感染。
句子结构分析：
本句是一个复合句，主句是主系表结构；
2) Applying oil to the injured areas 是动名词短语作主语；
3) as it will keep the heat…是原因状语从句。
apply …to… 1) put or spread (something) on a surface
把……涂在……
e.g. The sealer can be applied to new wood.
2) To put to or adapt for a special use
把……应用到
e.g. Applies all her money to her mortgage.
apply (to sb.) for… （向某人）申请……
application n. 申请；应用
applicant n. 申请人
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) I want to apply for the job.
_______________________________________
2) A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.
_______________________________________
3) What I have said applies only to some of you.
_______________________________________
我想申请这份工作。
有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。
我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。
4) The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.
______________________________________
这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面。
8. … there is an urgent need to take him/ her to the hospital at once.
……就需要立即紧急送他/ 她去医院。
there is a need to do sth.有必要做某事，其中不定式to take… 作need的后置定语。
否定结构：There is no need (for) sb. to do sth.
e.g. There is a desperate need for cash. 急需现金。
There is no need to get angry. I merely suggest that you should do that again.
注意：要说 there is a need, 而不说 ‘it is a need’
There is (no) possibility/chance to do sth.
有(没有)……的可能性/机会
There is no doubt/saying that… 毫无疑问……
There is no time to do sth. 没时间做某事
There is no way to do sth. 没办法做某事
There is no point/sense in doing sth. 做某事没意义/没道理
1) _________________ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know.
不必现在告诉我你的答案。想一想, 然后再告诉我。
2) _________________________ for more teachers to work in the remote mountainous areas.
急需更多的老师到那些偏远的山区工作。
【语境应用】完成句子。
There is no need to
There is an immediate need
3) ________________ in beating around the bush. Let’s come straight to the point.
旁敲侧击没有什么意义了, 我们就直截了当进入主题吧。
4) _____________________ those who work hard will succeed sooner or later.
毫无疑问, 那些努力拼搏的人迟早会取得成功。
There is no doubt that
There is no point
urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的
very important and needing to be dealt with immediately;
【同根词】
urge vt. 催促；极力主张
urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 力劝某人做某事
urge that + 从句 强烈要求，从句(should＋)动词原形
urgency n. 紧急；紧急情况
urgently adv. 迫切地，紧急地
【语境应用】完成句子。
震区的人们急需食品、药品和住的地方。
The people in the earthquake stricken area are ________________ food, medicine and shelters.
2)随着期末考试来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。
Our teacher _____________________ with the final exam drawing near.
3)学生们极力主张图书馆周末也应开放。
It is strongly urged by students that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend.
in urgent need of
urges us to study hard
9. Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.
在烧伤处涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和减轻不适。（急救错误做法）
ease vi. to make/ become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful, etc 减轻；缓解
e.g. Colleagues are trying to ease the pressure she is under at work.
ease vi. &vt. to make (something) happen more easily; facilitate
使容易；使顺利
e.g. The agreement will ease the way for other countries to join the EU.
ease n. 1) when you experience no difficulty, effort, pain, etc; 容易
2) freedom from constraint or embarrassment; naturalness 自在，舒适
e.g. Anne was intelligent and able to pass her exams with ease.
ease off 减轻;放松
ease your way past / through 缓慢的移动
at ease 舒适，不拘束，自由自在
put sb. at ease 使某人放松，舒适，自在
with ease 轻易地，毫不费劲地
【语境应用】 翻译下面句子。
1) I eased my way through the crowd.
_______________________________________
2) He’ll give you something to ease the pain.
_______________________________________
3) Mrs. Black has an ability to put people at ease.
_______________________________________
4) She won the 400m race with ease.
_______________________________________
我慢慢地穿过人群。
他会给你一些东西来缓解疼痛。
布莱克太太有能力使人们感到自在。
她轻而易举地赢了400米赛跑。(共42张PPT)
Unit 5
UNIT 5
FIRST AID
It’s a great honor to save a life.
-- Leigh Bardugo
To get some basic information about first aid.
To understand the passage about first aid for burns.
To know how to give proper first aid treatments for burns.
To increase the awareness of the importance of knowing about first aid.
What are they doing
first aid
CPR
Heimlich
Emergency care or treatment given to a sick or injured person before regular medical aid can be obtained.
What is first aid
Have you seen CPR used before
Do you know how to do / perform it
The instructor places his or her hands, one on top of another, on the centre of the model’s chest and pushes down hard.
Do you think it’s important for the students to learn this Why
Here is a short video to help you get a clear understanding about CPR.
It is important for us to learn this technique because if someone’s heart or breathing stops, they usually have only three to nine minutes before their brain suffers irreversible damage because of a lack of oxygen. However, it may take anywhere from 10-20 minutes before an ambulance comes once you call an emergency service.
What do you know about Heimlich procedure (海姆利克氏操作法)
It is a first-aid procedure for dislodging (强行去除) an obstruction from a person’s windpipe (气管) in which a sudden strong pressure is applied on their abdomen (腹部).
named after Henry J. Heimlich (born 1920), the American doctor who developed the procedure
What are some occasions where first aid is used
Why is it important to give first aid
What is the relationship between first aid and regular medical aid
What first-aid techniques do you know of
If someone you know suffered a burn, what would you do
Before you read, discuss these questions in groups.
I know basically what to do if someone breaks a leg or gets a cut.
It depends on the kind of burn. All of the burns I’ve ever seen were fairly minor, so the best thing to do was to put it under cold running water to stop the burning.
Here is a short video about how to perform first aid for burns.
Understand text types
Different kinds of texts can be identified by their style of writing and language features. By understanding the text type of a piece of writing, you can better understand its purpose. You can also better understand where to find information in the text, and what kind of information it is likely to contain.
Read the passage to find its text type.
1. Why is it important to understand text types
2. How can you identify a text type
3. What are some common text types you know about
By understanding text types, we can discover the purpose of a text thus predict its contents.
By paying attention to the style of writing and language features.
Letter, diary, news, advertisement, etc.
hospital leaflet
factual, informational, objective, gives a description of a medical problem, and tells how to deal with it, uses the imperative to give advice
advertisement
text types
full of persuasive language and colourful descriptions, talks about the benefits of a product, uses the imperative (祈使句) to tell someone to buy something
newspaper article
factual, informational, objective, answers the who, what, when, why, and how questions about a recent event
blog post
blog stands for web log, so it is a kind of journal or diary, usually topical in nature, talking about something that is current of new in the life of the author or regarding the author’s interests
email
a kind of letter, it should have an opening and a closing like a letter, be addressed to an individual, and be about a matter which directly concerns both the author and recipient
short story
usually a narrative written in the past tense, it contains vivid language and colourful descriptions to tell a story which has a beginning, a middle, and an end
Look through the text and identify its style and language features. Then tick its text type from the list below.
____ advertisement ____ blog post
____ hospital leaflet ____ email
____ newspaper article ____ short story
The text type is a hospital leaflet. We know this because the passage is written in an objective informational style, and deals with a health issue, giving a detailed description of how to handle this problem.
Skim the text and complete the main idea of it.
The text mainly introduces ______ types of burns and their characteristics as well as how to give _________________ when burns happen.
first aid treatment
three
Scan the text. In which order are these topics covered in the text Number them from 1 to 5.
__ the three types of burns
__ what to do if someone gets burned
__ the functions of the skin
__ the symptoms of burns
__ how we get burns
3
1
4
2
5
Read again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Your skin gives you protection from many dangerous things.
2. A first-degree burn has this name because it is the most serious.
3. Second-degree burns can be the most painful kind of burn.
T
F
T
F
T
F
4. It is important to use cool water to stop the heat from remaining in the wound regardless of the degree of the burn.
5. Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.
T
F
T
F
Part 1 the functions of the skin
functions of the skin
Acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s ______;
prevents your body from _____________
________________
warns you when things are too _____ or _____
gives you ______________
body temperature
losing too much water
cold
hot
sense of touch
toncontrol your ________________
rays
steam
fire
the sun
electricity
chemicals
hot liquids
radiation
Part 2 A variety of causes
Causes of burns
acids
mild
minor
liquids
electric
second degree burn
first degree burn
third degree burn
Part 3 Types & Characteristics of burns
black and white
swollen; the tissue underneath can be seen
little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn
red and swollen;blisters; watery surface
extremely painful
dry, red, mildly swollen
mildly painful
turn white when pressed
clothes
breathe
victim
burns
burnt area
burned area
Cool
Dry
Remove
Cover
Make sure
Send
Part 4 First aid treatment
hospital
Complete the table to summarise the information about first aid for burns.
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Depth _______________________ of the skin __________________of the skin __________ of the skin and sometimes ____________ underneath
top few millimetres
below the top layer
every layer
the tissue
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Characteristics dry, red, and mildly __________; mildly ________; turn _______ when pressed red and swollen; _______; _______ surface; extremely _______ black and white; swollen; ___________ ____________
can often be seen; little or no pain if ________ are damaged
swollen
painful
white
blisters
watery
painful
the tissue underneath
nerves
Details Types
First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns
Treatment place under __________________ within the first ten minutes → _____ the burnt area → _____________ clothes → _______ the burn → burn on the face: make sure the victim can ____________ → second or third-degree burn: take the victim to ______________________
cool running water
dry
remove any
cover
still breathe
the hospital at once
Read again and focus on the textual features.
1. What is the genre of the text Is it a narration, a description, an argumentation, or an expository writing
2. What kinds of things are mentioned in the text
An expository writing.
Functions, causes, different types, characteristics, and procedures.
3. Is this text mainly written in first, second or third person
In second and third persons.
4. What tense is used
5. Are there any passive voices How do they make you feel
The simple present tense.
Yes. They make the text sound objective.
6. What other language features did you find
7. What adjectives can you think of to describe this text
For example, the –ing form.
Objective, scientific, professional, specific, clear, concise, etc.
本文属于说明文(an expository writing)。该语篇按照事理逻辑次序安排信息，通过小标题 (CAUSES OF BURNS，TYPES OF BURNS，CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS及FIRST AID TREATMENT) 清晰呈现各部分内容，准确描述烧/烫/灼伤的成因、类型、特征以及急救措施。除用文字说明外，本文还使用了衬底突出部分信息（Characteristics of burns），呈现插图辅助说明急救的操作要领。
文本分析
本文所用到的说明方法：
1) 分类法：在介绍烧/烫/灼伤的类型时，分为了一级、二级、三级，并使用圆点项目符号分条解释。
2) 举例法：说明三种烧/烫/灼伤的特点
3) 过程说明法：说明烧/烫/灼伤急救流程
4) 因果说明法：说明烧/烫/灼伤急救的重要性时使用。先陈述皮肤的重要性，再说明皮肤受到伤害的后果，从而证明烧/烫/灼急救的意义。
How are people most likely to get burnt
Most people are likely to get burnt in the kitchen, by picking up a hot pan, or by getting cooking oil spilt on themselves.
In groups, discuss the following questions.
2. What steps can be taken to help prevent these burns
Being aware of the danger is a good first step. For example, you should check to see if the burner is on before touching a pan on the stove. You should also use oven mitts when touching a hot pan. If you are using cooking oil, you should make sure that the pot is set firmly on the stove so that it cannot spill, and that it is not too full of oil.
3. What other advice do you know of about first aid for burns Is it good advice or bad advice Why
I had an uncle who said that you should put vinegar on burns. I think that this is terrible advice, because it can cause pain and can dry out the skin.
4. What are the possible occasions when you are likely to get burnt at school
When getting hot water after class, we are likely to get burnt.
5. What can you do to help prevent getting burnt
We should be careful when getting hot water.
6. What are the possible occasions when people are likely to get burnt at home
When people cook in the kitchen, they are likely to get burnt.
7. What can we do to help prevent getting burnt
We should be careful when using fire. We should wear oven gloves when necessary.
1. Suppose you are a patient and your partner is a doctor. You get mild sunburn and you are not sure how serious it is. Please ask your partner questions to get to know what degree of burns you have got.
2. Interview. Suppose you are a reporter and your partner is a doctor. Make up at least 5 questions to interview him about how to give first aid treatment to a burnt person.
