(共31张PPT)
专题六 连 词
连词是安徽中考的常考知识点之一,考查重点是连词在具体语境中的辨析。安徽中考一般会在单项填空和完形填空中考查并列连词及从属连词。解答此类题时必须结合上下文及所在句子前后的逻辑关系。常见有关连词的命题点如下:
1.and,or,but,so这四个并列连词的意义和用法;
2.引导时间、条件、原因、结果等状语从句的从属连词的意义和用法。
考点一并列连词
并列连词主要用来表示并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、选择关系等。
并列连词 举例 例句
表示并 列关系 and,both...and...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)... Prices of fruit and vegetables have gone up.水果和蔬菜的价格已经上涨了。
She not only sings well,but also writes music.她不仅歌唱得好听,而且会作曲。
表示转 折关系 but,while,yet Honey is sweet,but the bee stings.蜂蜜很甜,但蜜蜂蜇人。
The winter in Harbin is cold while that of Kunming is warm.哈尔滨的冬天很冷,而昆明的冬天却很暖和。
表示因 果关系 so,for The water here is polluted,so the crops are dying.这里的水源受到了污染,所以庄稼都快死了。
The leaves of the trees are falling,for it’s already autumn.树叶在凋落,因为秋天已经来了。
表示选 择关系 or,either... or... Should we go to see a movie or stay at home 我们是去看电影呢还是待在家里呢
Either his father or his mother is going abroad.不是他的父亲就是他的母亲要出国。
考点二从属连词
从属连词通常引导状语从句和名词性从句,大多数从属连词用来引导状语从句。
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when,while,as,after,before,until,till,since,as soon as,once等。
例如:
When I got to the airport,the plane had left.
当我赶到机场时,飞机已经飞走了。
While I was writing,my sister was sleeping.
当我在写作时,我的妹妹在睡觉。
I have lived here since I was eight.
我从八岁开始就住在这里了。
Once he had found somewhere to live,he started looking for a job.他一找到住处,就开始找工作了。
2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if,unless,as long as等。在条件状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时。例如:
He will not come unless he is invited.
除非被邀请,否则他是不会来的。
You’ll be late for class if you don’t hurry.
如果你不快点,上课就迟到了。
3.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that,so that等。例如:
Speak louder so that/in order that everyone can hear you.
说大点声,以便让大家都能听见你讲话。
4.引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that,so...that...,such...that...等。例如:
The town is so small that we can’t find it on the map.
这个小镇太小了,以至于我们在地图上找不到它。
The teacher explained very clearly so that we all understood.老师解释得很清楚,因此我们都听懂了。
5.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,as,since等。例如:
I like summer because I like swimming.
我喜欢夏天,因为我喜欢游泳。
Since we are young,we shouldn’t be afraid of making mistakes.既然我们还年轻,我们就不应该害怕犯错。
6.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although,though,even though,even if,while等。例如:
She loves him even though he has many bad habits.
尽管他有很多坏习惯,但她依然爱他。
While we are friends,we have a lot of differences.
虽然我们是朋友,但我们仍有许多不同点。
7.引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as,as if,as though等。例如:
When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
8.引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要有than,as...as...等。
例如:
He feels better today than yesterday.
他感觉今天比昨天好多了。
考点三常用连词辨析
1.and,but,or和so
连词 用法 例句
and 意为“和;而且”,表示并列或顺承关系,常连接并列的单词、短语或分句;常用于“名词短语/祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,意为“这样的话”。 I like playing sports and watching movies.我喜欢运动和看电影。
Give me one more hour/One more hour,and I’ll finish the work.再多给我一个小时,我就能完成这项工作。
but 意为“但是,然而”,表示转折或对比关系。 The plan seems good,but it needs to be tried out.这项计划看起来很好,但它需要试验一下。
or 意为“或者”,在肯定句或选择疑问句中连接被选择的对象;意为“否则;要不然”,在肯定句中用于连接两个并列的句子,常用于“名词短语/祈使句+or+陈述句”句型;意为“而且”,用在否定句中代替and。 We can visit the World Park or travel around the world.我们可以参观世界公园或者周游全世界。
Hurry up,or you’ll be late!快点,否则你要迟到啦!
He didn’t speak loudly or clearly.他说话声音不大,而且不清晰。
so 意为“所以”,表示因果关系,有时可以与并列连词 and一起使用。注意:在一句话中,because和so不能同时使用。 The sky was cloudy,so I took my umbrella.天阴了,所以我带了把雨伞。
2.both...and...,neither...nor...,either...or...和not only...but (also)...
连词 用法 例句
both... and... 意为“两者都”,常用于连接两个并列的名词或代词。连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both boys and girls are interested in the new types of smart phones.男孩们和女孩们都对新款智能手机感兴趣。
neither... nor... 常用于连接两个并列的名词或代词,否定两者,意为“既不……也不……”。连接两个并列成分作主语时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常与最近的主语保持一致。 He can speak neither Chinese nor English.他既不会说汉语,也不会说英语。
either... or... 常用于连接两个并列的名词或代词,意为“要么……要么……,不是……就是……”。连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or your brother is going to bring your lost camera back.要么你要么你哥哥去把丢失的照相机取回来。
not only... but (also)... 用于连接两个并列的成分,着重强调后者,意为“不仅……而且……”,其中的also有时可以省略。连接两个并列成分作主语时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常与最近的主语保持一致。 He enjoys swimming not only in summer but also in winter.他不但夏天喜欢游泳,而且冬天也喜欢。
3.when,while和as
连词 用法 例句
when 意为“当……时”,既可以与具体的时间点连用,也可以与一段时间连用。 When he came back,I was doing some washing.当他回来时,我在洗衣服。
while 意为“在……时;在……期间”。while只能与一段时间连用,不能与具体的时间点连用。 He asked me a question while I was speaking.我在讲话时,他问了我一个问题。
as 意为“当……的时候;随着……;一边……一边……”,可以表示两个动作同时发生。 The students were talking as/when the teacher came in.老师进来时,学生们正在讲话。
I sang as I walked.我边走边唱。
4.because,since,as和for
连词 用法 例句
because 从属连词,表示直接原因,一般放在主句的后面,也可放在主句的前面,语气最强。 The swimming pool won’t be open today because it needs repairing.游泳池今天不开放,因为它需要维修。
since 从属连词,可以引导原因状语从句和时间状语从句。引导原因状语从句时,表示显然的或已知的理由,常译为“既然”,通常放在主句之前。 Since everyone is here,let’s begin.既然大家都来了,那我们开始吧。
I have lived in Hefei since I moved here ten years ago.自从十年前我搬到合肥就一直住在这里。
as 从属连词,语气比because弱,引导的原因状语从句通常放在句首,有时也可放在主句的后面。 As it is raining,you’d better take a taxi.下雨了,你最好乘出租车。
for 并列连词,用来附带说明前一分句的原因或理由,引导的并列句一般放在所要说明的句子的后面,且用逗号隔开。 I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.
我去见他,因为我有事要告诉他。
5.so...that...和such...that...
连词 用法 例句
so... that... 意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,so后常接形容词或副词。 He worked so hard that his boss liked him very much.他工作如此努力,以至于他的老板非常喜欢他。
such... that... 意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,such后接名词(名词前面可以有形容词和冠词修饰)。 He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他是个非常聪明的男孩,以至于大家都喜欢他。
当名词前有many,much,few,little等词修饰时,要用so...that...句型,而不能用such...that...句型。但当little作“幼小的”讲时,用such...that...句型。例如:
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔了很多跤,以至于全身上下青一块紫一块的。
She is such a little girl that she can’t take care of herself.她是个年纪如此小的女孩,以至于她还不能照顾自己。
6.so that,so...that...和in order that
连词 用法 例句
so that 引导目的状语从句时,意为“以便;为了”,从句中常使用can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词;引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用can,may等词。 The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present.小男孩省下每一枚硬币,以便给他的妈妈买一份礼物。
Wang Lan didn’t work hard so that she is out of work now.王兰工作不努力,因此她现在失业了。
so... that... 引导结果状语从句时,句型结构为“so+形容词/副词+that+从句”,意为“如此……以至于……”。 He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.
他跑得如此快,以至于没有人能追上他。
in order that 引导目的状语从句时,意为“为了……”,从句中通常含有情态动词。 He rises very early in order that he can catch the school bus.为了能赶上校车,他起得很早。
7.if,unless和as long as
连词 用法 例句
if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句,主句用将来时时,从句通常用一般现在时。 If it rains tomorrow,we will not go out.如果明天下雨,我们就不出门。
unless 意为“除非”,引导条件状语从句,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来,含有否定意义,相当于if not。 You cannot go out unless you finish your homework.你不能出去,除非你把作业写完。
as long as 意为“只要”时,引导条件状语从句;意为“和……一样长;长达……之久”时,表示形容词的同级比较,第二个as后常接比较状语从句。 We can do this directly as long as we have enough information.只要我们有足够的信息,我们就可以直接做这件事。
This line is as long as that one.这条线和那条线一样长。
8.though和although
连词 用法 例句
though 从属连词,意为“尽管”,常用于口语,引导让步状语从句;也可以用作副词,意为“不过;然而”,通常放在句子末尾,可以用逗号隔开。 Though my car is very old,I don’t want to buy a new one.尽管我的车很旧,但是我不想买一辆新的。
He said that he would come to today’s party.He didn’t come,though.他说他要来今天的派对,不过他没有来。
although 从属连词,意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,通常用于书面语,语气较强,不可以作副词。 He was still working in the field,although it rained heavily.尽管雨下得很大,他仍在地里工作。
9.as soon as和until/till
连词 用法 例句
as soon as 从属连词,意为“一……就……”,通常情况下主句用一般将来时时,从句用一般现在时。 As soon as I arrive in Shanghai,I will call you.我一到上海就给你打电话。
until/till 从属连词,表示“直到……;到……为止”,通常用于否定句,与not连用,表示“直到……才……”。 I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.我必须亲眼看到才相信这件事。
He always works till/until twelve o’clock every night.他每晚总是工作到12点。