2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题十四 复合句（17张ppt）

(共17张PPT)
专题十四　复合句
复合句是考生需要掌握的重要知识点之一,考查重点是宾语从句(主要是宾语从句的连接词辨析)和状语从句。虽然近几年安徽中考并未单独考查定语从句,但考生不可忽视这一知识点,也要了解其相关用法。常见有关复合句的命题点如下:
1.宾语从句的时态和语序问题以及引导宾语从句的疑问词的选择;
2.常见状语从句的基本用法;
3.由that,which,who引导的限制性定语从句的基本用法。
考点一宾语从句
宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位,几乎每年的中考都会对宾语从句进行不同角度的考查。其考查的重点一般集中在以下几个方面:
1.连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类:
that 表陈述意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语中通常可省略。
if/whether 表疑问意义,意为“是否”,在句中不可省略。
特殊疑问词 常见的特殊疑问词有when,where,how,what,why,whoever,however,whatever等。
注意:一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但在以下三种情况中通常只使用whether:(1)在不定式前;(2)在介词后;(3)与or not连用时。
2.语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中,不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句一律用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”结构。例如:
We don’t know when will they arrive.(×)
We don’t know when they will arrive.(√)
Could you tell me who is he waiting for (×)
Could you tell me who he is waiting for (√)
注意:特殊疑问词作从句主语时,如果语序本来就是“主语+谓语”结构,则语序不再变化。例如:
Can you tell me who cleaned the classroom
你能告诉我谁打扫了教室吗
3.时态
在宾语从句中,谓语动词的时态和主句谓语动词的时态是相互联系的,一般要遵循以下三条原则:
(1)如果主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,从句时态可根据从句实际情况而定。例如:
Mary says she will come back soon.玛丽说她很快就会回来。
Will you tell us which places you visited during the vacation 你能告诉我们你假期去了哪些地方吗
(2)如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句需要使用表示过去的某种时态。例如:
He said that he played computer games last night.
他说他昨晚玩了电脑游戏。
I knew she had cleaned the classroom already.
我知道她已经打扫完教室了。
(3)如果从句所陈述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、谚语等,其时态仍用一般现在时。例如:
He said time is money.他说时间就是金钱。
考点二状语从句
从句类型 从句引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when,while,before,after,until,till,since,as soon as... He didn’t get home until 9 p.m.他直到晚上9点才到家。
I’ll call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话。
条件状语从句 if,unless,as long as... You’ll be kept out of the party unless you have an invitation.你是无法参加这个聚会的,除非你有请柬。
原因状语从句 because,since,as,for... Since the weather is bad,let’s stay at home and watch TV.既然天气不好,那我们就待在家里看电视吧。
目的状语从句 in order that,so that They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.他们坐飞机去那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。
让步状语从句 though/although,even if/though,whatever,wherever,whenever... The whole library was in silence,although there were nearly 500 people reading in it.尽管有将近500人在里面看书,但整座图书馆很安静。
结果状语从句 so...that,such...that The story is so interesting that I want to listen to it again.这个故事如此有趣,以至于我想再听一遍。
比较状语从句 than,as...as...,not as/so...as... I’m as old as Bob.我和鲍勃年龄一样大。
地点状语从句 where,wherever Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
考点三定语从句
1.定义
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。例如:
This is the museum which was built last year.
这就是去年建成的博物馆。(the museum为先行词)
2.关系代词的基本用法
　　　　作用 指代对象　　　 作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose
指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose
例如:
Do you know the girl who/that has won the first prize in the singing competition
你认识歌唱比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩吗
3.关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 先行词 充当成分
when(=during/in/on/at which) day,year,time... 时间状语
where(=in/from/on/at/to which) the place,the city... 地点状语
why(=for which) the reason 原因状语
4.关系代词that和which的用法区别
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,much等,或者被这些词修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:
I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me.
我已经读完了妈妈给我买的所有的书。
(2)当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:
This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。
(3)当先行词被the only,the last,the same,the very等词修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:
This is the only book that was written by him.
这是唯一一本由他写的书。
(4)当先行词既指人又指物时,只能用that引导定语从句。例如:
They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday.
他们正在讨论他们昨天参观的学校和拜访的老师们。
(5)当关系代词前有介词时,只能用which引导定语从句。例如:
This is the house of which the windows face south.
这是那座窗户朝南的房子。
(6)当先行词是that,those时,只能用which引导定语从句。例如:
What’s that which was put in the car
放在汽车里的那个东西是什么