外研版英语中考语言基础知识梳理与训练 第9课 八年级上册 Modules 7—9

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第9课 八上 Modules 7—9
课前预热
重点易错单词 1. field （n.）田地；牧场2. appear （v.）出现；显露3. attention （n.）注意力4. climb （v.）爬；攀爬5. worse （adj.）更糟的；更坏的（adv.）更糟；更严重6. medicine （n.）药；药物7. prepare （v.）准备；预备8. report （n.）报告；汇报9. cause （v.）造成；引起10. problem （n.）麻烦；问题11. increase （n./v.）增大；增长12. birth （n.）出生13. billion （num.）十亿14. fifth （num.）第五 （n.）五分之一15. rubbish （n.）垃圾；废弃物16. quiet （adj.）寂静的；安静的17. local （adj.）当地的；本地的18. service （n.）公共服务；服务19. solve （v.）解决问题20. suddenly （adv.）突然21. pollution （n.）污染
一词多义 1. fall（n.）秋季 （v.）下落；跌落；降落2. land（n.）陆地；土地 （v.）登岸；降落3. hit（v.）打；撞；击中4. public（adj.）公共的；公众的 （n.）公众5. while（conj.）当……的时候；虽然；然而 （n.）一段时间；一会儿6. dry（adj.）干的；干燥的；雨少的；干旱的 （v.）（使）变干；（把……）弄干7. round（prep.）转到（某物的）另一边 （n.）一轮；一场；一回合 （v.）使变圆；完成；环绕……而行 （adj.）圆的（adv.）环绕地；循环地；在周围8. cause（v.）导致；造成；引起 （n.）原因；理由；根据；起因；动机9. flat（n.）平面；平坦部分；公寓；套房 （adj.）平的；平坦的
词形变换 1. follow（v.）→ following （adj.）后面的；接下来的2. sudden（adj.）→ suddenly （adv.）突然3. deep（adj.）→ deeper （比较级）更深的→ deepest （最高级）最深的→ deeply （adv.）深地4. dry（adj.）→ wet （反义词）湿的→ drier （比较级）更干的→ driest （最高级）最干的5. appear（v.）→ disappear （反义词）消失6. glad（adj.）→ sad （反义词）难过的；悲伤的→ happy （近义词）高兴的 → gladly （adv.）高兴地7. bad（adj.）→ worse （比较级）更坏的→ worst （最高级）最坏的8. medicine（n.）→ medical （adj.）医药的9. huge（adj.）→ huger （比较级）更大的→ hugest （最高级）最大的10. quiet（adj.）→ quietly （adv.）寂静地；安静地11. pollute（v.）→ pollution （n.）污染12. climb（v.）→ climber （n.）攀爬者13. prepare（v.）→ preparing （现在分词）准备；预备
中考词组短语 1. the population of... ……的人口2. prepare for... 为……做准备3. one fifth五分之一4. hang on稍等5. in the future在未来6. close to靠近7. in the city centre在市中心8. close down关闭9. public service公共服务10. solve the problem解决问题11. look pale看上去苍白12. round the corner在拐角处13. in time及时14. fall off... 从……跌落15. the risk of... ……的风险16. pay attention to... 对……注意；留心17. at the red lights在红灯处18. side by side并排19. a few days earlier几天前20. lie on the table躺在桌子上21. pick up捡起22. hurry to匆忙去23. get worse变得更糟糕24. in great pain剧烈疼痛25. by the river在河边26. fall down a hole掉进一个洞里27. run past... 从……旁边跑过28. have a tea party举办一个茶会29. have nothing to do无事可做30. once or twice一两次；偶尔31. go down下去32. land on落在……上33. too... to... 太……而不能……34. take the place of... 代替……
中考句型回顾 语法句型 1. Alice was sitting with her sister by the river. 爱丽丝正和她姐姐坐在河边。2. They were having a tea party in the garden. 他们正在花园里举办茶会。3. While she was falling, she was thinking about her cat, Dinah．当她往下坠落时，她在想她的猫——黛娜。4. I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again. 我试图把它捡起来，它又咬了我一口。5. As/While/When the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse．当医生给他做检查时，疼痛变得更厉害了。
功能句型 1. 童话故事：①Alice had nothing to do．爱丽丝没什么事情可做。②Alice got up and ran across the field after it． 爱丽丝站了起来，跟着它跑过了田野。③It was too dark for her to see anything．对她来说太黑了以至于什么都看不到。2. 交通事故：①The car stopped just in time, but the boy fell off his bike...汽车及时停了下来，但男孩从自行车上摔了下来……②So when you’re on your bike, think about the risk of an accident! 因此，当你骑自行车时，应考虑下事故的风险！③ Don’t ride side by side with your friends． 不要和你的朋友并肩骑车。④ When you cross the road, pay attention and stop at the red lights．当你过马路时，要集中注意力，并且红灯亮时你要停下来。3. 人口问题：①Beijing is a huge city with a large population. 北京是一座人口众多的大城市。②That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise．这造成了许多问题，如交通拥挤和噪声。③That’s almost one fifth of the world’s population, that is , about 7 billion．这几乎是约70亿的世界人口的五分之一。
课堂突破
中考重点词汇精析
一、fall
单词解析
1. v. （fell, fallen） vi. 落（下），降落；倒。如：
One of the kids fell into the river.
小孩中有一个掉进了河里。
2. n. （美）秋季；瀑布；落下；跌落。如：
She hurt her knee badly in a fall from a horse.
她从马上摔下来，膝盖受了重伤。
常见搭配：fall in love with sb. 爱上某人；fall into落入；fall off... 从……跌落；fall down跌倒；fall from... 从……落下；fall behind落在后面；fall back on求助于，借助于。
fall还可作系动词，意为“进入（某种状态）；成为”。常见搭配：fall asleep, fall silent, fall ill, fall sick等。
活学活用
用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。
fall silent fall into fall from fall behindfall in love with fall off fall asleep fall ill
1. An apple_________________ the tree yesterday.
2. Suddenly, he_________________ , saying nothing yesterday.
3. The clock_________________ the shelf and was in pieces.
4. Slowly but surely she started to_________________ the man.
5. The boy missed school and_________________ because of a high fever.
6. A little boy suddenly_________________ the water. Luckily, a man saved him.
7. The child soon_________________ while his mother was telling him a story.
8. My grandmother_________________ and died when I was only 5 years old.
二、while
单词解析
1. conj. 在……的时候；和……同时；（对比两件事物）而，然而。如：
①While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.
我在公共汽车站等车时，对向驶过了三辆公共汽车。
②Tom’s very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless.
汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是无可救药。
2. n. 一会儿；一段时间。如：
I haven’t seen him for quite a while.
我有好一阵子没有见到他了。
常用搭配：for a while一会儿；after a while过了一会儿。
辨异突破
when, while与as
when, while与as都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。
1. when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。如：
①When she came in, I was eating.
她进来时，我在吃饭。（瞬时动词）
②When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性动词）
2. while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 我太太正在看报纸，而我正在看电视。（was reading是延续性的动作，was reading和was watching同时发生）
3. as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。如：
①We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）
②As we were going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时，天开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
活学活用
根据句意，在横线上填入when, while或as。
1. We were about to leave_________________ he came in.
2. Were you writing_________________ the teacher came in
3._________________ Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao was helping him.
4. He often listens to music_________________ he does his homework.
三、cause
单词解析
1. n. 原因；起因。如：
There was discussion about the fire and its likely cause.
对那场火灾及其可能的起因进行了讨论。
2. vt. 促使；引起；使发生。如：
Do they know what caused the fire
他们知道引起这场火灾的原因吗？
常用搭配：cause sb. to do sth.促使某人做某事。
辨异突破
cause, reason与excuse
这些名词均有“原因”之意。
1. cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事有因果关系。如：
These causes led to a bad result.
这些原因导致了不良的后果。
2. reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因。如：
I can only guess the reason.
我只能猜测原因。
3. excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。如：
Her excuse didn’t go down well; no one believed it. 她的借口不能使人信服，没有一个人相信它。
活学活用
用cause, reason或excuse的适当形式填空。
1. I’ve never known him to miss a meeting—I’m sure he’ll have a（n）_________________ .
2. He explained the_________________ behind the decision.
3. The_________________ why the boss doesn’t trust him is that he often lies.
4. Drink-driving is one of the most common_________________ of traffic accidents.
5. The fire_________________ by an electrical fault.
6. What’s your_________________ for being late this time
7. What_________________ you to change your mind
中考重点句型精析
一、Alice was sitting with her sister by the river.
爱丽丝正和她的姐姐坐在河边。
句型解析
这个句型为过去进行时。其具体用法如下：
1. 过去进行时由“was（were）+v.-ing”构成。现以动词work为例，其肯定式、否定式和疑问式见下表：
肯定式 否定式
I/He/She/It was working.We/You/They were working. I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They were not working.
疑问式和简略答语
—Was I work-ing —Yes, you were./No, you werenot. —Were youworking —Yes, I was./No, I was not. —Was he/she/it work-ing —Yes, he/she/it was./No, he/she/it was not.
—Were we/you/they working —Yes, you/we/they were./No, you/we/they were not.
2. 过去进行时的用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示之外，一般用时间状语at that time, then, at that moment等来表示。如：
①—What were you doing at this time yesterday
昨天这个时候你们在做什么？
—We were working in class.
我们正在课堂上学习。
②He was mending his bike at ten o’clock yesterday.
昨天10点的时候他正在修自行车。
③I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.
老师进来的时候，我正在画一匹马。
④While she was trying to pass a truck before her, she saw another car coming.
正当她要超过她前面的卡车时，她看见又有一辆小汽车过来了。
辨异突破
“一般过去时”与“过去进行时”
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：
①Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. 玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
②Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. 玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
温馨提示：go, come, leave, start等动词的过去进行时表示过去即将或不久要发生的事情，相当于过去将来时。如：
He said his parents were going to America soon.
他曾说他的父母不久将去美国。
活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He_________________ （play） basketball now.
2. He_________________ （fall） down just now.
3. —What_________________ you_________________ （do） at that moment
—I_________________ （sleep）.
4. We_________________ （watch） TV when he came to our home.
二、She heard the rabbit say, “Oh dear!Oh dear! I’ll be late!” and she did not think it was strange.
她听到兔子说：“哦，天哪，我要迟到了。”然而对这她并不感到奇怪。
句型解析
think作实义动词，后面的宾语从句如果是否定的，那么通常将否定部分前移，即在主句部分用否定，而从句部分用肯定。如：
I don’t think he is right.
=I think he is wrong.
我认为他是不对的。
而不能说I think he isn’t right.
与think用法类似的词还有：believe, suppose, expect, imagine等。
活学活用
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
1. 我们相信这不是个真实的故事。
We_________________ it_________________ a true story.
2. 我认为这不是我的书。
I_________________ it_________________ my book.
当堂检测
一、选词填空
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
weigh certain depend on progress prefer
1. If you want to be_________________ of getting a ticket, please book it now.
2. Mr Smith has made great_________________ since he started learning Chinese.
3. Which_________________ you_________________ , coffee or black tea
4. The_________________ of this box of apples is about five kilogrammes.
5. When I was at university, I knew that I had to_________________ myself to do everything.
二、单词拼写
1. You have_________________ （引起；导致） us all a lot of unnecessary worry.
2. They were watching TV_________________ （当……的时候） we were talking.
3. The book_________________ （跌落） from his hands because he paid no attention.
4. I_________________ （突然） realised that there was someone following me.
5. Someone_________________ （扔） a stone at the car and ran away.
6. Don’t say anything. You’ll only make matters_________________（更糟的）.
7. When we got home, Stephano was busy_________________（准备） dinner.
8. The level of_________________ （污染） in the river was falling.
9. Charlie thinks money will_________________ （解决） all his problems.
10. A man suddenly________________（出现） from behind a tree when I was driving yesterday.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Nathaniel Hawthorne 1_________________（go） home with a broken heart. He told his wife Sophia that he lost his job. 2_________________ his surprise, she spoke to him with great joy.
“Now,” she said 3_________________（happy）, “you can write your book! When you had your job, you didn’t have time to write down 4_________________ you were thinking about. Now, you are free. You can do what you like and make your dream 5_________________（come） true!”
“Yes,” said the man sadly, “but what shall we live on while I 6_________________（write） it ”
Then, she took out a small box and opened it. There was a large amount of money.
“I’ve always believed you are 7_________________ talented man,” she told him. “I knew that someday you would write a great book. So every week, out of the money you gave me for everyday use, I saved a little bit. Now this money can help 8________________（we） through the year.”
With her trust and confidence, one of the 9_________________（great） novels of American literature, The Scarlet Letter, was born.
Some of the famous 10_________________（story） have followed a word of encouragement or an act of confidence by a loved one or a best friend.
参考答案
第9课 八上 Modules 7—9
课堂突破
【中考重点词汇精析】
一、1. fell from 2. fell silent 3. fell off 4. fall in love with
5. fell behind 6. fell into 7. fell asleep 8. fell ill
二、1. when 2. when 3. While 4. as
三、1. excuse 2. reason/reasons 3. reason 4. causes
5. was caused 6. excuse 7. caused
【中考重点句型精析】
一、1. is playing 2. fell 3. were, doing, was sleeping
4. were watching
二、1. don’t believe, is 2. don’t think, is
当堂检测
一、1. certain 2. progress 3. prefer 4. weight
5. depend on
二、1. caused 2. while 3. fell 4. suddenly 5. threw
6. worse 7. preparing 8. pollution 9. solve 10. appeared
三、1. went 2. To 3. happily 4. what 5. come
6. am writing 7. a 8. us 9. greatest 10. stories
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