外研版英语中考语言基础知识梳理与训练 第10课 八年级上册 Modules 10—12
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| 名称 | 外研版英语中考语言基础知识梳理与训练 第10课 八年级上册 Modules 10—12 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-02-06 18:50:33 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第10课 八上 Modules 10—12
课前预热
重点易错单词 1. might （v. aux.）可能；也许2. temperature （n.）温度3. minus （adj.）负的；零下的4. degree （n.）度；度数5. although （conj.）然而；尽管6. neither （adv.）（某人或某事物）也不7. terrible （adj.）使人烦恼的；可怕的8. probably （adv.）或许；可能9. immediately （adv.）立刻；当即10. accept （v.）收受；接受11. month （n.）月；月份12. serious （adj.）认真严肃的；不开玩笑的13. experience （n.）经历；经验14. shoulder （n.）肩；肩膀15. broken （adj.）破碎的16. medical （adj.）医学的；医疗的17. trouble （n.）问题；烦恼；困难18. warn （v.）警告；告诫19. window （n.）窗；窗户20. chopstick （n.）筷子21. imagine （v.）想象
一词多义 1. set（n.）（同类事物的）（一）套，（一）副，（一）组（v.）设置；设定2. lift（v.）举起；抬起；提起 （n.）电梯3. drop（n.）滴 （v.）使落下；投下4. cover（n.）封面；盖子 （v.）包括；涉及；盖上5． clear（adj.）清楚的；明亮的；清澈的；不和……接触的（v．）清除；清理；移走6. shower（n.）淋浴器；淋浴间；淋浴；阵雨 （v.）（洗）淋浴7. thick（adj.）厚的；浓的8. minus（prep.）减；减去 （n.）减号；负号 （adj.）负的；零下的9. must（n.）必须做的事；不可少的事物 （v. aux.）必须；应该10. serious（adj.）认真严肃的；不开玩笑的；严重的11. stay（n.）停留；逗留 （v.）停留；保持
词形变换 1. cloud（n.）→ cloudy （adj.）多云的2. shower（n.）→ showery （adj.）多阵雨的3. snow（n./v.）→ snowy （adj.）多雪的4. storm（n.）→ stormy （adj.）有暴风雨的5. sun（n.）→ sunny （adj.）晴朗的6. wind（n.）→ windy （adj.）多风的7. skate（v.）→ skating （现在分词）溜冰8. thick（adj.）→ thicker （比较级）更厚的→ thickest （最高级）最厚的→ thin （反义词）瘦的；薄的9. ice（n.）→ icy （adj.）冰冷的10. rain（n.）→ rainy （adj.）多雨的11. wet（adj.）→ wetter （比较级）更湿的→ wettest （最高级）最湿的12. wish（v.）→ wish （n.）希望；祝福13. probable（adj.）→ probably （adv.）可能14. toy（n.）→ toys （pl.）玩具15. surprise（n.）→ surprise （v.）使（某人）吃惊→ surprised （adj.）感到惊讶的→ surprising （adj.）令人惊讶的16. different（adj.）→ difference （n.）不同点17. taste（v.）→ taste （n.）味道→ tasty （adj.）美味的18. sandwich（n.）→ sandwiches （pl.）三明治19. gentleman（n.）→ gentlemen （pl.）先生20. break（v.）→ broken （adj.）破碎的21. bottom（n.）→ top （反义词）顶部22. wrong（adj.）→ right （反义词）对的；正确的23. harm（n./v.）→ harmful （adj.）有害的→ harmless （adj.）无害的24. power（n.）→ powerful （adj.）强大的25. train（v.）→ training （n.）训练；培训26. under（prep.）→ over （反义词）在……正上方27. help（n./v.）→ helpful （adj.）有帮助的→ helpless （adj.）无助的
中考词组短语 1. quite a lot相当多2. weather forecast天气预报3. come on快点4. get warm变得暖和5. turn gold变成金黄色6. in the northwest在西北7. from time to time有时8. had better do sth. 最好做某事9. first aid急救10. basic medical help基本医疗救助11. at the bottom of... 在……底部12. make a sound发出声音13. have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难14. shout for help呼救15. lift up抬起16. medical training医疗培训17. make sure确保18. cover... with... 用……覆盖……19. warn sb. about... 警告某人关于……20. stay away from远离21. keep clear of不和……接触22. keep calm保持镇静23. be careful of当心；小心24. run away跑开25. in short总之26. way of life生活方式27. in the West在西方28. have one’s hair cut剪头发29. have afternoon tea喝下午茶30. for example例如31. not just... but... 不仅……而且……32. stand in a line排队33. wait for等待34. touch sb. on the shoulder拍某人肩膀35. push one’s way挤着前行36. wait one’s turn等待轮到某人37. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事
中考句型回顾 语法句型 1. It might snow. 可能会下雪。2. It’s probably sunny and hot there. 那里可能是晴天而且天气炎热。3. That could be harmful!那可能有害！4. That’s such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty!这个建议非常好，贝蒂，你都可以当医生了！5. And you mustn’t break anything .你不可以打碎任何东西。6. You must say Mr and Mrs when you speak to older people.当你和年长的人说话时，你必须称呼先生和夫人。7. You must be joking. 你一定是在开玩笑。8. And you’d better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month．在正月里，你最好不要剪头发。9. I don’t think I should open it now．我认为我不应该现在打开它。10. You need to stand in a line and wait your turn .你需要排队等侯。
功能句型 1. 谈论天气：①It’s between minus eight and minus two degrees !在零下8度到零下2度之间！②It is not very cold but it rains a lot, so bring an umbrella .天气不是很冷但经常下雨，所以要带一把伞。③You had better go in summer．你最好是夏天去。④It is usually very hot and sunny compared to other places. 与其他地方相比，通常天气炎热，阳光明媚。⑤The weather gets cooler , and the green leaves start to turn gold, then brown．天气变得比较凉爽，绿叶开始变黄，然后变成褐色。2. 风俗习惯：①At school, you must put up your hand before you talk． 在学校，你必须要在讲话前举起自己的手。②At the dining table, you can’t talk with food in your mouth．在餐桌上你不能在满嘴都是食物的时候讲话。3. 安全与急救：①First of all, find out what’s wrong with him. 首先，要查明他怎么了。② Make him comfortable . 让他舒服些。③ Make sure （that） he’s warm.确保他不受凉。④ Keep clear of fires． 避开火源。
课堂突破
中考重点词汇精析
一、clear
单词解析
1. adj. 清楚的；明亮的；清澈的；不和……接触的；明白清楚的。如：
①You’ll do as you’re told, is that clear
叫你做什么你就去做什么，明白吗？
②The water was so clear that we could see the bottom of the lake.
湖水清澈见底。
2. v. 清除；清理；移走。如：
Clear all those papers off the desk.
把桌子上所有那些文件都拿走。
常用搭配：keep clear of避开；clear away 扫除，消除；clear off 离开，逃离；clear out 清除，扫出；clear up （天气）转晴。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. It is a_________________ （clear） and warmer day.
2. He waited a moment and_________________ （clear） his desk.
3. Everyone kept clear_________________ the woods now because of the terrible snake.
4. You will have_________________ （clear） it with management.
5. Thickly forested land have to_________________
（clear） because the farmers need it.
二、set
单词解析
1. vt. 设置（布景，背景）；放；置。如：
①She set a tray down on the table.
她把托盘放到桌上。
②The novel is set in London in the 1960s.
这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。
过去式：set；过去分词：set。
2. n. 装备，设备；一套，一副，一组（类似的东西）。如：
There must be one set of laws for the whole country.
整个国家必须要有一套统一的法律。
相关短语：set out 出发；set up 设立；set off出发，动身；set apart 使分开；set free 释放；set about （doing） sth. 着手，开始；set down 放下；set aside 留出，不顾。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. They ate everything that_________________ （set） in front of them.
2. Do you know how to set about_________________ （go） on with this work
3. What time are you planning to set________________tomorrow
4. He took the case out of her hand and_________________（set） it on the floor.
5. The play_________________ （set） in a small
Midwestern town.
6. This theatre is set_________________ for children.
7. He has bought_________________ colour TV set of 18 inches.
三、make
单词解析
vt. 制造，做；使得。如：
①Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。
②She tried to make a good impression on the interviewer.
她努力给主持面试者留个好印象。
常用搭配：make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物……；make sb. do sth.让某人做某事；make＋宾语＋n.使、让某人/某物（成为）……；make a mistake犯错误；make noise吵闹，弄出噪声；make a promise答应，许下诺言；make a telephone call 打电话；make friends （with） （与……）交朋友；make a contribution to贡献给，捐献；make a decision做出决定；make faces做鬼脸；make a living谋生，维持生活；make fun of取笑，嘲笑；make it 约定时间，做到，按时到达；make money赚钱；make one’s bed/make the bed铺床，收拾床铺；make sure确保，务必，弄清楚；make up one’s mind （to do sth.）下定决心（做某事）；make up弥补，构成，化妆，编造；be made of... 由……做成（看得出材料）；be made from... 由……做成（看不出材料）；be made up of... 由……组成；be made by... 被……制成；be made in... 在……制造；make a plan制订计划；make （good） use of （充分）利用。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The funny story made him_________________ （laugh）.
2. My English teacher tries to make her class_________________（wonder）.
3. The fishers make a_________________ （live） by fishing.
4. Don’t make fun_________________ people who are in trouble.
5. In the past, workers were often made_________________（work） over 12 hours.
6. The desk_________________ （make） of wood.
7. That event made him_________________ famous man.
8. The dumplings are made_________________ my grandmother.
9. I have made up my mind_________________ （learn） English well.
10. Don’t waste any time. You should make good use_________________ it.
四、warn
活学活用
v. 提醒注意（可能发生的事）；使警惕；劝告（使有所防备）；警告；告诫。如：
I tried to warn him, but he wouldn’t listen. 我设法提醒过他，可他就是不听。
常用搭配：warn sb. about/of...提醒/警告某人……；warn sb. （not） to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事；warn sb. against sth./doing sth.警告某人不要做某事；warn （sb.） that... 警告（某人）某事。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Our teacher warned us_________________ （not play） football on the street.
2. He warned me_________________ （stay） away from broken glass.
3. The weather station warned_________________ a storm was coming.
4. My mother often warns me_________________ safety.
5. My father often warns me against_________________（play） computer games too much.
五、example
单词解析
n. 实例；例证；例子；典型；范例；样品；榜样；楷模；模范。如：
Can you give me an example of what you mean
你能给我举个实例来解释你的意思吗？
辨异突破
for example与such as
两者都可作“例如”讲。
1. for example用来举例说明，所举的例子既可以是词组，也可以是句子。如：
For example, you must say Mr or Mrs when you meet someone for the first time.
例如，当你第一次见到某人时你必须称呼先生或夫人。
for example有时可作为插入语，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。如：
For example, Judy can speak two languages.
=Judy, for example, can speak two languages.
=Judy can speak two languages, for example.
比如，朱蒂会说两门语言。
2. such as用来列举事物，放在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。如：
The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice.
这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如麦子、玉米、棉花和水稻。
活学活用
用for example或such as填空。
1. Ball games,_________________ , have spread around the world.
2._________________ , Tom is my good friend.
3. I have some good friends,_________________ Tom, Kate and Jim.
4. Some of the European languages come from Latin,_____________ French, Italian and Spanish.
5. Betty works really hard,_________________ .
6. I like eating fruit,_________________ apples, bananas and pears.
六、must
单词解析
v. aux. 必须；应该。如：
①I must go to the bank and get some money.
我得上银行取点儿钱。
②The light is still on, so he must be at home.
灯还是亮的,他一定在家。（表推测）
辨异突破
must, can, could, may与might
它们都是情态动词，后面必须加动词的原形。could为can的过去式，might为may的过去式。
1. must, can, could, may和might都可以表示推测。按照可能性大小进行排序为：
must（一定）＞can/may（也许；可能）＞could/might（也许；可能）＞can’t（不可能）。如：
①You haven’t eaten anything since this morning. You must be hungry.
今天早上开始你就没吃任何东西。你一定饿了。
②Even experienced teachers can/may make mistakes.
即使有经验的老师都可能犯错。
③That can’t be Mary. She’s in hospital.
那不可能是玛丽。她在医院里。
2. must表示“必须做某事”。如：
You must drive on the left-hand side of the road in Britain.
在英国，你必须靠左手边开车。
must的否定形式有两种：
（1）mustn’t，表示“不准/禁止”。如：
You mustn’t break anything. It is bad luck!
千万不要打破东西，这是不吉利的！
（2）表示“不必”，用needn’t/don’t have to。如：
—Must I finish it today
我今天必须完成吗？
—No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
不，你不必。
3. can有以下几种用法：
（1）表示能力，意为“能够”。如：
①I can play the piano, but I can’t play the guitar.
我会弹钢琴，但我不会弹吉他。
②He could run very fast when he was young.
他年轻时能跑得很快。
could还可以表示委婉、客气的语气。如：
Could you show me how to use the new camera
你能告诉我怎么使用这个新相机吗？
（2）can’t表示“不能；不许”，即不允许。如：
You can’t ride your bike on the pavement.
你不可以在人行道上骑车。
4. may表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。如：
①You may go now. 你现在可以走了。
②May I use your computer
我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法：
—May I smoke here
我可以在这儿抽烟吗？
—Yes, you may./Yes, please. 请抽吧。/No, you can’t./No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not. 请不要抽烟。
活学活用
用can, may或must的适当形式填空。
1._________________ you lift this heavy box, Mike
2. You_________________ get to school late again!
3. —_________________ I finish the work today
—No, you don’t have to.
4._________________ I have a look at your licence please, sir
5. It_________________ be Miss Wang. She has gone to Beijing.
6. Jane_________________ be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
7. Accidents_________________ happen on rainy days.
8. He_________________ play basketball when he was only five.
中考重点句型精析
The weather is fine all year round.
一年到头天气都很好。
句型解析
—What will the weather be like next week in Beijing 北京下周的天气怎么样？
—There will be rain.=It will be rainy.
将有雨。
1. 询问现在的天气：
A: What’s the weather like
=How is the weather
B1: It’s sunny/windy/cold/wet/dry/...（形容词）.
B2: There is snow/rain/...（名词）.
B3: It’s raining/snowing/...（现在进行时）.
2. 询问将来的天气：
A: What will the weather be like
B1: It will be snowy/...（形容词）.
B2: It may/might be sunny/snowy/...（形容词）.
B3: There may be rain/wind/...（名词）.
活学活用
A）填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. —What’s the weather_________________ in Beijing today
—It is foggy.
2. It’s______________ （rain） heavily now, but the radio says it will be__________（sun） soon.
3. —_________________ is the weather in Hangzhou today
—It’s_________________ （cloud）.
B）用how或what填空。
4._________________ is the weather like in Hangzhou
5._________________ is the weather today
当堂检测
一、选词填空
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
imagine harm experience snow make sure
1. Fruit juices can be_________________ to children’s teeth.
2. This was my first_________________ of living with other people.
3._________________ you have plenty of time to prepare for the new day ahead.
4. After such a dry summer, it’s difficult to_________________ what rain looks like.
5. A dog barks at the brushwood gate, as someone gets home on a_________________ night.
二、单词拼写
1. My mother often_________________ （警告） me not to walk home alone.
2. Can anyone give me an_________________ （例子） of a transitive verb
3. Accidents_________________ （必须） be reported to the safety officer.
4. It’s_________________ （风大的） today. Why not fly kites this afternoon
5. The_________________ （温度） of the water was just right for swimming.
6. It was_________________ （清楚的） to him that Tolkien was a literary genius.
7. They met while they were_________________ （制作） a film for Australian TV.
8. Her face turned pale when she heard the_________________（可怕的） news.
9._________________ （设置） the alarm for 7 o’clock so that you can wake up on time.
10._________________ （尽管） in poor health, she continued to carry out her duties.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Justin is a 16-year-old boy. He is thinking about how 1_________________（spend） his money during winter vacation. He 2_________________（save） up about 300 dollars already. He plans to buy 3_________________ computer with his money but he also wants to go skating with his friends. He can’t do both 4_________________he doesn’t have enough money. What should Justin do
We are often in these kinds of situations. You want to see a concert 5_________________ Saturday, but it is also your mother’s birthday and you do not want to let 6______________（she） down. In this case, you don’t have enough time to go to both 7_________________（place）. You must make a decision. You must think about 8_________________ should be done first. You must consider the following questions 9_________________（serious）.
○ Which is more important
○ Which decision needs my attention more
○ Which choice would satisfy me more
After you’ve answered these questions, it may be much 10_________________（easy） for you to decide what to do. So the next time you must make a decision, remember to prioritise（优先考虑）.
参考答案
第10课 八上 Modules 10—12
课堂突破
【中考重点词汇精析】
一、1. clearer 2. cleared 3. of 4. to clear 5. be cleared
二、1. was set 2. going 3. off/out 4. set 5. is set 6. up
7. a
三、1. laugh 2. wonderful 3. living 4. of 5. to work
6. is made 7. a 8. by 9. to learn 10. of
四、1. not to play 2. to stay 3. that 4. about 5. playing
五、1. for example 2. For example 3. such as 4. such as
5. for example 6. such as
六、1. Can 2. mustn’t 3. Must 4. May 5. can’t 6. must
7. may/might 8. could
【中考重点句型精析】
1. like 2. raining, sunny 3. How, cloudy 4. What 5. How
当堂检测
一、1. harmful 2. experience 3. Make sure 4. imagine
5. snowy
二、1. warns 2. example 3. must 4. windy 5. temperature
6. clear 7. making 8. terrible 9. Set 10. Although/Though
三、1. to spend 2. has saved 3. a 4. because/as/since 5. on
6. her 7. places 8. what/which 9. seriously 10. easier
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第10课 八上 Modules 10—12
课前预热
重点易错单词 1. might （v. aux.）可能；也许2. temperature （n.）温度3. minus （adj.）负的；零下的4. degree （n.）度；度数5. although （conj.）然而；尽管6. neither （adv.）（某人或某事物）也不7. terrible （adj.）使人烦恼的；可怕的8. probably （adv.）或许；可能9. immediately （adv.）立刻；当即10. accept （v.）收受；接受11. month （n.）月；月份12. serious （adj.）认真严肃的；不开玩笑的13. experience （n.）经历；经验14. shoulder （n.）肩；肩膀15. broken （adj.）破碎的16. medical （adj.）医学的；医疗的17. trouble （n.）问题；烦恼；困难18. warn （v.）警告；告诫19. window （n.）窗；窗户20. chopstick （n.）筷子21. imagine （v.）想象
一词多义 1. set（n.）（同类事物的）（一）套，（一）副，（一）组（v.）设置；设定2. lift（v.）举起；抬起；提起 （n.）电梯3. drop（n.）滴 （v.）使落下；投下4. cover（n.）封面；盖子 （v.）包括；涉及；盖上5． clear（adj.）清楚的；明亮的；清澈的；不和……接触的（v．）清除；清理；移走6. shower（n.）淋浴器；淋浴间；淋浴；阵雨 （v.）（洗）淋浴7. thick（adj.）厚的；浓的8. minus（prep.）减；减去 （n.）减号；负号 （adj.）负的；零下的9. must（n.）必须做的事；不可少的事物 （v. aux.）必须；应该10. serious（adj.）认真严肃的；不开玩笑的；严重的11. stay（n.）停留；逗留 （v.）停留；保持
词形变换 1. cloud（n.）→ cloudy （adj.）多云的2. shower（n.）→ showery （adj.）多阵雨的3. snow（n./v.）→ snowy （adj.）多雪的4. storm（n.）→ stormy （adj.）有暴风雨的5. sun（n.）→ sunny （adj.）晴朗的6. wind（n.）→ windy （adj.）多风的7. skate（v.）→ skating （现在分词）溜冰8. thick（adj.）→ thicker （比较级）更厚的→ thickest （最高级）最厚的→ thin （反义词）瘦的；薄的9. ice（n.）→ icy （adj.）冰冷的10. rain（n.）→ rainy （adj.）多雨的11. wet（adj.）→ wetter （比较级）更湿的→ wettest （最高级）最湿的12. wish（v.）→ wish （n.）希望；祝福13. probable（adj.）→ probably （adv.）可能14. toy（n.）→ toys （pl.）玩具15. surprise（n.）→ surprise （v.）使（某人）吃惊→ surprised （adj.）感到惊讶的→ surprising （adj.）令人惊讶的16. different（adj.）→ difference （n.）不同点17. taste（v.）→ taste （n.）味道→ tasty （adj.）美味的18. sandwich（n.）→ sandwiches （pl.）三明治19. gentleman（n.）→ gentlemen （pl.）先生20. break（v.）→ broken （adj.）破碎的21. bottom（n.）→ top （反义词）顶部22. wrong（adj.）→ right （反义词）对的；正确的23. harm（n./v.）→ harmful （adj.）有害的→ harmless （adj.）无害的24. power（n.）→ powerful （adj.）强大的25. train（v.）→ training （n.）训练；培训26. under（prep.）→ over （反义词）在……正上方27. help（n./v.）→ helpful （adj.）有帮助的→ helpless （adj.）无助的
中考词组短语 1. quite a lot相当多2. weather forecast天气预报3. come on快点4. get warm变得暖和5. turn gold变成金黄色6. in the northwest在西北7. from time to time有时8. had better do sth. 最好做某事9. first aid急救10. basic medical help基本医疗救助11. at the bottom of... 在……底部12. make a sound发出声音13. have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难14. shout for help呼救15. lift up抬起16. medical training医疗培训17. make sure确保18. cover... with... 用……覆盖……19. warn sb. about... 警告某人关于……20. stay away from远离21. keep clear of不和……接触22. keep calm保持镇静23. be careful of当心；小心24. run away跑开25. in short总之26. way of life生活方式27. in the West在西方28. have one’s hair cut剪头发29. have afternoon tea喝下午茶30. for example例如31. not just... but... 不仅……而且……32. stand in a line排队33. wait for等待34. touch sb. on the shoulder拍某人肩膀35. push one’s way挤着前行36. wait one’s turn等待轮到某人37. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事
中考句型回顾 语法句型 1. It might snow. 可能会下雪。2. It’s probably sunny and hot there. 那里可能是晴天而且天气炎热。3. That could be harmful!那可能有害！4. That’s such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty!这个建议非常好，贝蒂，你都可以当医生了！5. And you mustn’t break anything .你不可以打碎任何东西。6. You must say Mr and Mrs when you speak to older people.当你和年长的人说话时，你必须称呼先生和夫人。7. You must be joking. 你一定是在开玩笑。8. And you’d better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month．在正月里，你最好不要剪头发。9. I don’t think I should open it now．我认为我不应该现在打开它。10. You need to stand in a line and wait your turn .你需要排队等侯。
功能句型 1. 谈论天气：①It’s between minus eight and minus two degrees !在零下8度到零下2度之间！②It is not very cold but it rains a lot, so bring an umbrella .天气不是很冷但经常下雨，所以要带一把伞。③You had better go in summer．你最好是夏天去。④It is usually very hot and sunny compared to other places. 与其他地方相比，通常天气炎热，阳光明媚。⑤The weather gets cooler , and the green leaves start to turn gold, then brown．天气变得比较凉爽，绿叶开始变黄，然后变成褐色。2. 风俗习惯：①At school, you must put up your hand before you talk． 在学校，你必须要在讲话前举起自己的手。②At the dining table, you can’t talk with food in your mouth．在餐桌上你不能在满嘴都是食物的时候讲话。3. 安全与急救：①First of all, find out what’s wrong with him. 首先，要查明他怎么了。② Make him comfortable . 让他舒服些。③ Make sure （that） he’s warm.确保他不受凉。④ Keep clear of fires． 避开火源。
课堂突破
中考重点词汇精析
一、clear
单词解析
1. adj. 清楚的；明亮的；清澈的；不和……接触的；明白清楚的。如：
①You’ll do as you’re told, is that clear
叫你做什么你就去做什么，明白吗？
②The water was so clear that we could see the bottom of the lake.
湖水清澈见底。
2. v. 清除；清理；移走。如：
Clear all those papers off the desk.
把桌子上所有那些文件都拿走。
常用搭配：keep clear of避开；clear away 扫除，消除；clear off 离开，逃离；clear out 清除，扫出；clear up （天气）转晴。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. It is a_________________ （clear） and warmer day.
2. He waited a moment and_________________ （clear） his desk.
3. Everyone kept clear_________________ the woods now because of the terrible snake.
4. You will have_________________ （clear） it with management.
5. Thickly forested land have to_________________
（clear） because the farmers need it.
二、set
单词解析
1. vt. 设置（布景，背景）；放；置。如：
①She set a tray down on the table.
她把托盘放到桌上。
②The novel is set in London in the 1960s.
这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。
过去式：set；过去分词：set。
2. n. 装备，设备；一套，一副，一组（类似的东西）。如：
There must be one set of laws for the whole country.
整个国家必须要有一套统一的法律。
相关短语：set out 出发；set up 设立；set off出发，动身；set apart 使分开；set free 释放；set about （doing） sth. 着手，开始；set down 放下；set aside 留出，不顾。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. They ate everything that_________________ （set） in front of them.
2. Do you know how to set about_________________ （go） on with this work
3. What time are you planning to set________________tomorrow
4. He took the case out of her hand and_________________（set） it on the floor.
5. The play_________________ （set） in a small
Midwestern town.
6. This theatre is set_________________ for children.
7. He has bought_________________ colour TV set of 18 inches.
三、make
单词解析
vt. 制造，做；使得。如：
①Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。
②She tried to make a good impression on the interviewer.
她努力给主持面试者留个好印象。
常用搭配：make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物……；make sb. do sth.让某人做某事；make＋宾语＋n.使、让某人/某物（成为）……；make a mistake犯错误；make noise吵闹，弄出噪声；make a promise答应，许下诺言；make a telephone call 打电话；make friends （with） （与……）交朋友；make a contribution to贡献给，捐献；make a decision做出决定；make faces做鬼脸；make a living谋生，维持生活；make fun of取笑，嘲笑；make it 约定时间，做到，按时到达；make money赚钱；make one’s bed/make the bed铺床，收拾床铺；make sure确保，务必，弄清楚；make up one’s mind （to do sth.）下定决心（做某事）；make up弥补，构成，化妆，编造；be made of... 由……做成（看得出材料）；be made from... 由……做成（看不出材料）；be made up of... 由……组成；be made by... 被……制成；be made in... 在……制造；make a plan制订计划；make （good） use of （充分）利用。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The funny story made him_________________ （laugh）.
2. My English teacher tries to make her class_________________（wonder）.
3. The fishers make a_________________ （live） by fishing.
4. Don’t make fun_________________ people who are in trouble.
5. In the past, workers were often made_________________（work） over 12 hours.
6. The desk_________________ （make） of wood.
7. That event made him_________________ famous man.
8. The dumplings are made_________________ my grandmother.
9. I have made up my mind_________________ （learn） English well.
10. Don’t waste any time. You should make good use_________________ it.
四、warn
活学活用
v. 提醒注意（可能发生的事）；使警惕；劝告（使有所防备）；警告；告诫。如：
I tried to warn him, but he wouldn’t listen. 我设法提醒过他，可他就是不听。
常用搭配：warn sb. about/of...提醒/警告某人……；warn sb. （not） to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事；warn sb. against sth./doing sth.警告某人不要做某事；warn （sb.） that... 警告（某人）某事。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Our teacher warned us_________________ （not play） football on the street.
2. He warned me_________________ （stay） away from broken glass.
3. The weather station warned_________________ a storm was coming.
4. My mother often warns me_________________ safety.
5. My father often warns me against_________________（play） computer games too much.
五、example
单词解析
n. 实例；例证；例子；典型；范例；样品；榜样；楷模；模范。如：
Can you give me an example of what you mean
你能给我举个实例来解释你的意思吗？
辨异突破
for example与such as
两者都可作“例如”讲。
1. for example用来举例说明，所举的例子既可以是词组，也可以是句子。如：
For example, you must say Mr or Mrs when you meet someone for the first time.
例如，当你第一次见到某人时你必须称呼先生或夫人。
for example有时可作为插入语，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。如：
For example, Judy can speak two languages.
=Judy, for example, can speak two languages.
=Judy can speak two languages, for example.
比如，朱蒂会说两门语言。
2. such as用来列举事物，放在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。如：
The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice.
这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如麦子、玉米、棉花和水稻。
活学活用
用for example或such as填空。
1. Ball games,_________________ , have spread around the world.
2._________________ , Tom is my good friend.
3. I have some good friends,_________________ Tom, Kate and Jim.
4. Some of the European languages come from Latin,_____________ French, Italian and Spanish.
5. Betty works really hard,_________________ .
6. I like eating fruit,_________________ apples, bananas and pears.
六、must
单词解析
v. aux. 必须；应该。如：
①I must go to the bank and get some money.
我得上银行取点儿钱。
②The light is still on, so he must be at home.
灯还是亮的,他一定在家。（表推测）
辨异突破
must, can, could, may与might
它们都是情态动词，后面必须加动词的原形。could为can的过去式，might为may的过去式。
1. must, can, could, may和might都可以表示推测。按照可能性大小进行排序为：
must（一定）＞can/may（也许；可能）＞could/might（也许；可能）＞can’t（不可能）。如：
①You haven’t eaten anything since this morning. You must be hungry.
今天早上开始你就没吃任何东西。你一定饿了。
②Even experienced teachers can/may make mistakes.
即使有经验的老师都可能犯错。
③That can’t be Mary. She’s in hospital.
那不可能是玛丽。她在医院里。
2. must表示“必须做某事”。如：
You must drive on the left-hand side of the road in Britain.
在英国，你必须靠左手边开车。
must的否定形式有两种：
（1）mustn’t，表示“不准/禁止”。如：
You mustn’t break anything. It is bad luck!
千万不要打破东西，这是不吉利的！
（2）表示“不必”，用needn’t/don’t have to。如：
—Must I finish it today
我今天必须完成吗？
—No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
不，你不必。
3. can有以下几种用法：
（1）表示能力，意为“能够”。如：
①I can play the piano, but I can’t play the guitar.
我会弹钢琴，但我不会弹吉他。
②He could run very fast when he was young.
他年轻时能跑得很快。
could还可以表示委婉、客气的语气。如：
Could you show me how to use the new camera
你能告诉我怎么使用这个新相机吗？
（2）can’t表示“不能；不许”，即不允许。如：
You can’t ride your bike on the pavement.
你不可以在人行道上骑车。
4. may表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。如：
①You may go now. 你现在可以走了。
②May I use your computer
我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法：
—May I smoke here
我可以在这儿抽烟吗？
—Yes, you may./Yes, please. 请抽吧。/No, you can’t./No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not. 请不要抽烟。
活学活用
用can, may或must的适当形式填空。
1._________________ you lift this heavy box, Mike
2. You_________________ get to school late again!
3. —_________________ I finish the work today
—No, you don’t have to.
4._________________ I have a look at your licence please, sir
5. It_________________ be Miss Wang. She has gone to Beijing.
6. Jane_________________ be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
7. Accidents_________________ happen on rainy days.
8. He_________________ play basketball when he was only five.
中考重点句型精析
The weather is fine all year round.
一年到头天气都很好。
句型解析
—What will the weather be like next week in Beijing 北京下周的天气怎么样？
—There will be rain.=It will be rainy.
将有雨。
1. 询问现在的天气：
A: What’s the weather like
=How is the weather
B1: It’s sunny/windy/cold/wet/dry/...（形容词）.
B2: There is snow/rain/...（名词）.
B3: It’s raining/snowing/...（现在进行时）.
2. 询问将来的天气：
A: What will the weather be like
B1: It will be snowy/...（形容词）.
B2: It may/might be sunny/snowy/...（形容词）.
B3: There may be rain/wind/...（名词）.
活学活用
A）填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. —What’s the weather_________________ in Beijing today
—It is foggy.
2. It’s______________ （rain） heavily now, but the radio says it will be__________（sun） soon.
3. —_________________ is the weather in Hangzhou today
—It’s_________________ （cloud）.
B）用how或what填空。
4._________________ is the weather like in Hangzhou
5._________________ is the weather today
当堂检测
一、选词填空
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
imagine harm experience snow make sure
1. Fruit juices can be_________________ to children’s teeth.
2. This was my first_________________ of living with other people.
3._________________ you have plenty of time to prepare for the new day ahead.
4. After such a dry summer, it’s difficult to_________________ what rain looks like.
5. A dog barks at the brushwood gate, as someone gets home on a_________________ night.
二、单词拼写
1. My mother often_________________ （警告） me not to walk home alone.
2. Can anyone give me an_________________ （例子） of a transitive verb
3. Accidents_________________ （必须） be reported to the safety officer.
4. It’s_________________ （风大的） today. Why not fly kites this afternoon
5. The_________________ （温度） of the water was just right for swimming.
6. It was_________________ （清楚的） to him that Tolkien was a literary genius.
7. They met while they were_________________ （制作） a film for Australian TV.
8. Her face turned pale when she heard the_________________（可怕的） news.
9._________________ （设置） the alarm for 7 o’clock so that you can wake up on time.
10._________________ （尽管） in poor health, she continued to carry out her duties.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Justin is a 16-year-old boy. He is thinking about how 1_________________（spend） his money during winter vacation. He 2_________________（save） up about 300 dollars already. He plans to buy 3_________________ computer with his money but he also wants to go skating with his friends. He can’t do both 4_________________he doesn’t have enough money. What should Justin do
We are often in these kinds of situations. You want to see a concert 5_________________ Saturday, but it is also your mother’s birthday and you do not want to let 6______________（she） down. In this case, you don’t have enough time to go to both 7_________________（place）. You must make a decision. You must think about 8_________________ should be done first. You must consider the following questions 9_________________（serious）.
○ Which is more important
○ Which decision needs my attention more
○ Which choice would satisfy me more
After you’ve answered these questions, it may be much 10_________________（easy） for you to decide what to do. So the next time you must make a decision, remember to prioritise（优先考虑）.
参考答案
第10课 八上 Modules 10—12
课堂突破
【中考重点词汇精析】
一、1. clearer 2. cleared 3. of 4. to clear 5. be cleared
二、1. was set 2. going 3. off/out 4. set 5. is set 6. up
7. a
三、1. laugh 2. wonderful 3. living 4. of 5. to work
6. is made 7. a 8. by 9. to learn 10. of
四、1. not to play 2. to stay 3. that 4. about 5. playing
五、1. for example 2. For example 3. such as 4. such as
5. for example 6. such as
六、1. Can 2. mustn’t 3. Must 4. May 5. can’t 6. must
7. may/might 8. could
【中考重点句型精析】
1. like 2. raining, sunny 3. How, cloudy 4. What 5. How
当堂检测
一、1. harmful 2. experience 3. Make sure 4. imagine
5. snowy
二、1. warns 2. example 3. must 4. windy 5. temperature
6. clear 7. making 8. terrible 9. Set 10. Although/Though
三、1. to spend 2. has saved 3. a 4. because/as/since 5. on
6. her 7. places 8. what/which 9. seriously 10. easier
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