外研版英语中考语言基础知识梳理与训练 第14课 八年级下册 Modules 7—8

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第14课 八下 Modules 7—8
课前预热
重点易错单词 1. crazy （adj.）发疯的；荒唐的2. trousers （n.）裤子3. homestay （n.）家庭寄宿4. weight （n.）重量5. passport （n.）护照6. culture （n.）文化7. progress （n./v.）进步；发展8. guest （n.）客人；宾客9. prefer （v.）更喜爱；钟爱10. thirsty （adj.）渴的11. square （adj.）（表示面积单位）平方的12. freshwater （adj.）淡水的13. sunglasses （n.）太阳镜14. friendship （n.）友谊15. human （n.）人16. somebody （pron.）某人；有人
一词多义 1. last（adj.）最后的；上一个的 （adv.） 最后；最终（v.）持续；延续2. list（n.）目录；明细表；名单；清单（v.）把……编列成表；把……编入目录；列举3. shape（n.）形状；外形 （v.）使成形；塑造4. waste（v.）浪费；滥用 （n.）浪费；滥用5. form（v.）形成 （n.）表格
词形变换 1. list（n.）→ list （v.）列举2. weigh（v.）→ weight （n.）重量3. culture（n.）→ cultural （adj.）文化的4. begin（v.）→ beginning （n.）开端→ start （同义词）开始5. certain（adj.）→ certainly （adv.）当然6. fill（v.）→ full （adj.）满的；饱的7. waste（v.）→ waste （n.）浪费→ wasteful （adj.）浪费的offer（v.）→ provide （同义词）提供9. pull（v.）→ push （反义词）推10. crazy（adj.）→ crazier （比较级）更荒唐的→ craziest （最高级）最荒唐的11. human（n.）→ humans （pl.）人12. photo（n.）→ photos （pl.）照片13. plan（v.）→ planning （现在分词）打算；计划14. country（n.）→ countries （pl.）国家15. fly（v.）→ flight （n.）航班16. expensive（adj.）→ more expensive （比较级）更贵的→ most expensive （最高级）最贵的
中考词组短语 1. make a list列清单2. get sth. ready把某物准备好3. sound crazy听起来很荒唐4. total weight总重量5. by the way顺便说（问）一声6. American culture美国文化7. be well trained训练有素8. depend on取决于9. personal choice个人的选择10. set tests安排测试 11. experience life体验生活12. stay in touch保持联系13. form a close friendship建立亲密的友谊14. be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事15. at least至少16. try out试用；试验17. go for long walks长时间散步18. outdoor skills户外技能19. in the city centre在市中心20. climb up the hill爬山21. go for a swim去游泳 22. at the top of... 在……的顶部23. waste time浪费时间24. promise to do sth. 答应做某事25. have a wonderful/good/nice/great time玩得开心26. wake up叫醒27. move about四处走动28. make noise制造噪音29. pull... off... 从……扯下……30. the latest films最新影片
中考句型回顾 语法句型 1. I’m leaving at the end of July and I’m going to stay there for four weeks.我将于七月底出发，并且要在那里待四周。2. Shorts are good, or you can wear light trousers.短裤不错，或者你可以穿浅色长裤。3. When are you leaving and how long are you going to stay there 你将什么时候出发，将在那里待多久？4. If you’ve already paid for the air tickets and for the homestay, it should be OK.如果你已经买了机票，付了寄宿费，那就没问题了。5. I can hardly believe we’re in the city centre． 我几乎不敢相信我们是在市中心。6. I’m sure it will be fantastic to see the city from the top. 我相信从山顶俯瞰这个城市会很不错。7. We thought somebody was moving about.我们以为有人在四处走动。
功能句型 1. 介绍国外暑期英语课程：①The courses last for four, six or eight weeks. 课程持续四周、六周或八周。②Our teachers are well trained and have a lot of experience .我们的老师训练有素并且经验丰富。③You can work in small or large groups .你可以在小组或大组里学习。④We provide books, and we set tests every week to check your progress . There are also computers for personal study.我们提供书籍，并且每周都安排测验来检查你的进步情况。（这里）还有为个人学习准备的电脑。⑤ As well as learning English, we want you to experience life in the US.除了学习英语外，我们还想让你体验美国的生活。2. 介绍旅游景点和经历：① It’s better to have our picnic at the top of the hill. 在山顶野餐会更好。②It’s so quiet here that I can even hear the birds singing .这里是如此安静以至于我甚至能听到鸟儿歌唱。③I’m having a wonderful time here in Zhangjiajie. 我在张家界这儿过得十分愉快。④It’s a magic land of mountains, forests and rivers.这是一片神奇的土地，有群山、森林与河流。⑤It’s famous for the strange shape of its tall rocks. Some of them look like humans while others look like wild animals.它因奇形怪状的高耸的岩石而闻名。它们中的一些看起来像人，而其他的看起来像野兽。⑥We came out without making any noise, and found it was just a hungry monkey looking for food. 我们悄悄地走出营地，发现原来只是一只饥饿的猴子在寻找食物。
课堂突破
中考重点词汇精析
一、suggest
单词解析
1. v. 建议；提议；推荐；举荐；使想到；使认为；表明。如：
I suggest （that） we go out to eat.
我提议我们出去吃吧。
2. suggest的名词为suggestion，意为“建议”，是可数名词。如：several suggestions几条建议；some suggestions一些建议。
辨异突破
suggest与advise
两者都是动词，且都有“建议”的意思。
共同点：
1. 都可接名词作宾语。如：
She suggested/advised an early start.
她建议早一点出发。
2. 都可接动名词作宾语。如：
I suggested/advised putting off the sports meeting. 我建议将运动会延期。
3. 都可接that宾语从句，that从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。如：
She suggested/advised that the class meeting （should） not be held on Saturday.
她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
不同点：
1. advise可接动词不定式作宾补，但suggest不可以。即：advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。如：
I advised him to give up the foolish idea.
我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。
2. suggest有搭配：It is suggested that+主语+（should） do sth.。如：
It is suggested that the work （should） be finished at once.
有人建议应该立马完成这个工作。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. She suggests_________________ visit to Hangzhou tomorrow.
2. They suggested_________________ （wait） until the proper time.
3._________________ was suggested that we give a performance at the party.
4. She suggested that the class meeting_________________ not be held on Saturday.
5. We suggested that he_________________ go and make an apology to his teacher.
6. Miss Mao gave me some_________________ （suggest） about how to learn English well.
7. The_________________ （suggest） is that the new hospital should not be set up on the hill.
二、prefer
单词解析
v. 更喜欢。如：
Which subject do you prefer, English or maths
英语和数学，你更喜欢哪一科？
过去式：preferred；现在分词：preferring。
常用搭配：prefer sb./sth. 更喜欢某人或某物；prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事；prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事；prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事；prefer （doing） sth. to （doing） sth. 喜欢（做）……胜过（做）……；prefer to do sth. rather than （to） do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做……。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He prefers_________________ （go） by bike.
2. He prefers English_________________ Chinese.
3. He prefers swimming to_________________ （surf）.
4. I prefer him_________________ （do） it in a different way.
5. Which do you prefer, apples_________________ bananas
6. He said he_________________ （prefer） to die rather than steal.
7. She prefers_______________ （stay） at home rather than_______________ （go） with us.
三、when
单词解析
1. adv. 什么时候；何时；（用于时间的表达方式之后）在那时。如：
When can I see you
我什么时候可以见你？
2. conj. 在……时候；当……时；在……期间。如：
I loved history when I was at school.
我上学时喜欢历史。
注意：时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”规则，即主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：
We will call you when he comes here.
当他来这里，我们将打电话给你。
活学活用
when与while
过去进行时经常可以与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用，均意为“当……时候”。when和while在用法上也存在区别。
1. when引导的时间状语可以指时间点，也可指时间段；while引导的时间状语只能指时间段。因此，when引导的时间状语从句的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；而在while引导的时间状语从句中，动词必须是延续性的。如：
While we were having dinner, they arrived.
当我们在吃饭时，他们到了。
2. 由when引导的时间状语从句，如果主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作（突然）发生了，强调后一动作发生的突然性。如：
Annie was sleeping in the bedroom when the doorbell rang.
安妮正在卧室睡觉时，（突然）门铃响了。
该句也可以用while表达，但与用when表达有细微区别：
While Annie was sleeping in the bedroom, the doorbell rang. （只表示门铃响了的事实，不强调突然性）
活学活用
A）填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. —_________________ will the film begin
—At 18:30.
2. Do you know when he_________________ （come） back I’ve got something to tell him.
3. Please call me when he_________________ （arrive） here.
4. —May I know when_________________ （start） our party, Mr Li
—At 6:30 pm this Saturday.
5. I______________ （do） my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
B）用when或while填空。
6. The students were talking loudly_________________
the teacher came in.
7. It was raining heavily_________________ she was watching TV.
8. The driver was driving slowly_________________
a cat suddenly appeared.
9. He was studying hard_________________ his mother was cooking.
10. Never get on or off a bus_________________ it is moving.
四、hardly
单词解析
adv. 几乎不；几乎没有。如：
We hardly know each other.
我们彼此还不大认识呢。
辨异突破
hard与hardly
1. hardly是副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not，是个含有否定意义的词。如：
They can hardly understand the foreigner, can they
他们几乎不能理解那个外国人，对吗？
2. hardly不是hard的副词形式。
（1）hard作形容词时，意为“硬的；坚硬的；费劲的；艰难的”。
（2）hard作副词时，意为“努力地；费劲地”。试比较下面两句：
①He hardly ever surfs the Internet.
他几乎不上网。
②If you work hard, you’ll get good grades.
如果你努力学习，你会取得好成绩。
活学活用
用hard或hardly填空。
1. You ran so fast that I could_________________ catch up with you.
2. The bed is soft, but the sofa is_________________ .
3. Study_________________ and your English will be better.
4. It’s_________________ for me to finish the work today.
5. You can_________________ ride a bike, can you
6. He lived a_________________ life after his parents died.
中考重点句型精析
We also go back to school as soon as May Day is over.
我们也在劳动节一结束就回学校。
句型解析
as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，在时态上使用“主将从现”原则，即“主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时”。遵循该原则的还有when, before, after, till, until引导的时间状语从句和if, unless, as long as（只要）等引导的条件状语从句。如：
①If it is fine tomorrow, we will go out.
如果明天天气好，我们将出去。
②When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients.
我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
注意：如果主句是祈使句，从句要用一般现在时。如：
①Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.
我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
②Please call me as soon as you get there.
你一到达那里就请给我打电话。
用法拓展：as soon as possible=as soon as sb. can尽可能快。如：
You must come back as soon as possible.
你必须尽快回来。
活学活用
填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Dania will go to Europe if she_________________（pass） the exams.
2._________________ （not） wait for me if I am late.
3. I went to bed after I_________________ （finish） my homework.
4. I’ll stay here before he_________________ （come） back.
5. As soon as he_________________ （finish） his homework, I’ll ask him to write to you.
6. I_________________ （not） go to bed until my mother comes back.
7. I won’t believe that_________________ I see it with my own eyes.
8. —I don’t know_________________ he will come tomorrow.
—Don’t worry. If he comes, I’ll let you know.
当堂检测
一、选词填空
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
thirsty somebody take up wake shape
1. I like the way the desk looks, but it_________________ too much space in my office.
2. If by any chance_________________ calls me, please ask them to leave a message.
3. After three hours in the sun, we were quite_________________.
4. I have washed this T-shirt so many times that it’s lost its_________________ .
5. You won’t_________________ Alan up—he’s such a heavy sleeper.
二、单词拼写
1. How long does the play_________________ （持续）
2. Which type of transport do you_________________ （更喜欢）
3. He put on_________________ （重量） when he was at university.
4. She could_________________ （几乎不） stand the pain any more.
5. We are here to_________________ （提供） the public with a service.
6. Our_________________ （友谊） formed last year and I really treasure it.
7. The children are taught to respect different_________________（文化）.
8. Joan_________________ （建议） we ask our English teacher for her opinion yesterday.
9._________________ （当……时） the family came here from Russia, they were penniless.
10. Smoke_________________ （填满） the room. I couldn’t stand it any more and left quickly.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
I still remember the first time I left home for one or two 1_________________（night）. I was going to a summer camp for a month. When my parents told me about the camp, I was 2_________________（excite）, because there were lots of activities there.
The whole family drove me to the camp. When we arrived, I saw a lot of kids, 3_________________I didn’t know anyone. I began to feel nervous. They gave me a little card 4_________________ my name on it. Then a girl, who looked 5_________________（old） than me, came up to me and said, “Hi, Margie! I’m Sara. Our cabin is the Pines.”
Finally the time came when my parents said, “Well, Margie, goodbye. Have 6_________________ great time. And don’t worry; we’ll write to 7_________________often.”
I had an awful feeling. I wanted 8_________________ （cry）. But just then another girl of my age came up to me and 9_________________（say）, “Hi, are you Margie I’m Tammy. I’m in the Pines e on. Let’s go and see the horses.”
So off we went and I had a 10_________________（wonder） month at camp.
参考答案
第14课 八下 Modules 7—8
课堂突破
【中考重点词汇精析】
一、1. a 2. waiting 3. It 4. should 5. should 6. suggestions
7. suggestion
二、1. going/to go 2. to 3. surfing 4. to do 5. or
6. preferred 7. to stay, （to） go
三、1. When 2. will come 3. arrives 4. to start
5. was doing 6. when 7. while 8. when 9. while
10. when/while
四、1. hardly 2. hard 3. hard 4. hard 5. hardly 6. hard
【中考重点句型精析】
1. passes 2. Don’t 3. finished 4. comes 5. finishes
6. won’t/will not 7. until 8. if
当堂检测
一、1. takes up 2. somebody 3. thirsty 4. shape 5. wake
二、1. last 2. prefer 3. weight 4. hardly 5. provide
6. friendship 7. cultures 8. suggested 9. When 10. filled
三、1. nights 2. excited 3. but 4. with 5. older 6. a
7. you 8. to cry 9. said 10. wonderful
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