外研版英语中考语言基础知识梳理与训练 第21课九年级上册 Modules 11—12
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| 名称 | 外研版英语中考语言基础知识梳理与训练 第21课九年级上册 Modules 11—12 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-02-06 19:25:26 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第21课 九上 Modules 11—12
课前预热
重点易错单词 1. general （adj.）整体的；普遍的2. standard （n.）标准；水准3. difficulty （n.）困难；困境4. winner （n.）获胜者5. congratulations （n.）（pl.）祝贺6. less （adj.）较小的；较少的7. present （v.）授予；呈递8. factory （n.）制造厂；工厂9. enemy （n.）敌人10. pollute （v.）污染11. recycle （v.）回收利用12. recently （adv.）最近 13. divide （v.）分开14. plastic （n.）塑料15. policy （n.）政策；方针16. headmaster （n.）男校长17. hopeless （adj.）无望的18. rubber （n.）橡胶19. granddaughter （n.）（外）孙女
一词多义 1. present（v．）授予；呈递 （n.）现在；礼物 （adj．）出席的；现在的2． step（n.）脚步；台阶；梯级；步骤 （v.）迈步；跨步3. subject（n.）主题；科目
词形变换 1. general（adj.）→ generally （adv.）普遍地；整体地2. feel（v.）→ feeling （n.）感觉3. difficult（adj.）→ difficulty （n.）困难4. recent（adj.）→ recently （adv.）最近5. rush（v.）→ rushes （第三人称单数一般现在式）冲；奔6. congratulate（v.）→ congratulations （n.）（pl.）祝贺7. factory（n.）→ factories （pl.）工厂；制造厂8. pollute（v.）→ pollution （n.）污染9. recycle（v.）→ recycling （n.）回收利用10. waste（n.）→ waste （v.）浪费→ wasteful （adj.）浪费的11. enemy（n.）→ enemies （pl.）敌人12. little（adj.）→ less （比较级）更少的；更小的→ least （最高级）最少的；最小的13. rapid（adj.）→ rapidly （adv.）快速地；迅速地14. grandson（n.）→ granddaughter （对应词）（外）孙女
中考词组短语 1. win the competition赢得比赛2. at the school dance在学校舞会上3. the general standard总体水准4. solve the difficulties解决困难5. be in with a chance有机会6. even though虽然；即使7. give prizes颁奖8. protect... against... 保护……免受……9. congratulations to sb. （on sth.）（因某事）祝贺某人10. enter the competition参加比赛11. present the prizes to... 颁奖给……12. cause pollution造成污染13. in poor areas在贫困地区14. save energy节约能源15. less waste更少的浪费16. do with对付；处理17. divide... into... 把……分成……18. throw away扔掉19. be harmful to... 对……有害20. as long as possible尽可能长时间21. change... into... 把……变成……22. something else别的事（物）23. hope for期待24. take steps采取措施25. generally speaking总的来讲；一般来说
中考句型回顾 语法句型 1. He’s the boy who/that won the photo competition last year!他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩！A group of photos which/that show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and Away.一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故土与他乡”这一主题的奖项。3. Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think that reducing pollution is hopeless .虽然现在污染严重，但我认为减少污染不是没有希望的。
功能句型 1. 摄影比赛：①The general standard of the com-petition is much higher this year.今年比赛的整体水准更高。② Take some photos of Beijing and add some photos of Cambridge that you took recently . 拍一些北京的照片并添加一些你最近拍的剑桥的照片。③ Compared with other years, we received many more photos.与往年相比，我们收到了更多的照片。④It is a beautiful girl who/that is wearing a blouse and skirt, and who/that is protecting her books against the showers．那是一个穿着女衬衫和裙子的漂亮女孩，正在保护她的书免受雨淋。2. 环境保护：①Do you divide the waste into things to recycle and things to throw away 你把垃圾按可回收的和需要丢弃的进行分类整理吗？②We all need a healthy environment , but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment. 我们都需要一个健康的环境，但是我们每天都会制造垃圾，这对我们的环境有害。③ Turn off the lights when you do not need them. 当你不需要灯的时候请把它们关了。④ It is impossible to clean up the whole river in such a short time．在这么短的时间内清理干净整条河流是不可能的。⑤I’ve already tried my best to protect the environment. 我已经尽我最大努力去保护环境了。
课堂突破
中考重点词汇精析
一、pollution
单词解析
n. 污染。如：
Cars cause pollution, both smog and acid rain.
汽车造成的污染既有烟雾也有酸雨。
pollution是pollute加后缀-ion而来，是不可数名词。相关短语：light pollution光污染；air pollution空气污染；water pollution水污染；noise pollution噪音污染。
掌握一些英语构词法，对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助。
1. 常见的前缀：
（1）表示否定意义的前缀。如：
dis-: dishonest, dislike
im-: impossible, immobile
un-: unable, unhappy
（2）re-表示“再一次；重新”。如：
reuse, retell, rewrite, renew
（3）kilo-表示“千”。如：
kilometre, kilogram
（4）tele-表示“远距离的；远”。如：
television, telephone
2. 常见的形容词后缀：
（1）-able: usable, enjoyable, comfortable
（2）-al: natural, environmental, cultural
（3）-less: countless, hopeless, careless
（4）-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful
pollution的动词形式是pollute，意为“污染”。如：
Did it pollute the environment
它对环境有过污染吗？
活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The trip is so_________________ （enjoy）.
2. Hangzhou is a_________________ （beauty） city.
3. Can you_________________ （tell） the story I want to enjoy it again.
4. Everyone is feeling pretty_________________ （hope） about the future.
5. Lucy is_________________ （happy） today because she failed the exam.
6. We are sad about the_________________ （pollute） of our beaches with oil.
7. Lingling is a lively and_________________ （help） girl and everyone likes her a lot.
8. The music is so_________________ （comfortable） that I can’t stand it any more.
9. I think_________________ （nature） wonders are more interesting than man-made ones.
10. The river has_________________ （pollute） by waste products from the factory for many years.
二、waste
单词解析
1. v. 浪费。如：
Don’t waste time or money.
不要浪费时间或金钱。
2. n. 浪费；废弃物。如：
What a waste of paper!多么浪费纸张啊！
wasteful是waste的形容词，意为“浪费的”。
活学活用
根据句意，在横线上填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Playing computer games is_________________ waste of time!
2. It’s_________________ （waste） to use only one side of a piece of paper.
3._________________ （not） waste your energy on such a thing!
4. Lots of money has_________________ （waste） on clothes you don’t need!
中考重点句型精析
一、He’s the boy who won the photo
competition last year!
他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩！
句型解析
以上句子是含有定语从句的复合句。
1. 当先行词是人时，定语从句由who或that引导。从句中的who是关系代词，当它引导定语从句时，它起连接先行词和定语从句的作用。
who在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略。如：
He’s the person who is looking for you.
他就是正在找你的那个人。
who在定语从句中也可以作宾语。who作宾语时，可省略。如：
He’s the photographer （who） we awarded the prize to.
他是我们给予奖励的那个摄影师。
2. 当先行词是物时，定语从句由which或that引导。如：
①This is the pen which was given by my friend. 这是我朋友给我的那支钢笔。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。）
②This is the pen （which） my friend gave to me. 这是我朋友给我的那支钢笔。（which在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。）
辨异突破
用which或who填空。
1. The photo_________________ we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.
2. Do you know Mr Zhang,_________________ they like very much
3. The girl_________________ always smiles at others is our monitor.
二、It’s no use talking about things we can’t do.
谈论我们做不到的事是没有用的。
句型解析
动名词短语在句中作主语，it只是作形式主语，真正作主语的动名词则放在后面。it is后可接no use, no good, fun, a waste of time等词。如：
①It is no use crying. 哭也没用。
②It is no good waiting here. Let’s walk home.
在这里等没用。让我们走回家吧。
③It is great fun sailing a boat.
驾帆船很有乐趣。
活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s a waste of time_________________ （play） computer games.
2. It’s fun_________________ （travel） all over the world.
3. It’s no good_________________ （eat） too much.
4． It’s no use_________________ （talk） too much.
当堂检测
一、选词填空
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
policy recycle less recent even though
1. I read much_________________ now than I used to.
2. We should_________________ the waste things.
3. I will have a try_________________ I may fail.
4. We received a letter from him_________________ .
5. Thanks to the new_________________ , our country develops faster and faster.
二、单词拼写
1. The book is_________________ （分开） into six sections.
2. Will you have dinner with me_________________ （今晚）
3. The cat was dead and it was_________________ （杀死） by a truck.
4._________________ （比较） with your greenhouse, ours is nothing.
5. It seems such a_________________ （浪费） to throw good food away.
6. Sorry, I didn’t follow you. Could you please_________________（重复） it
7. She had a strong will and power of_________________（迅速的） decision.
8. He felt that his life was a_________________ （无望的） mess and a bit sad.
9. To reduce air_________________ （污染）, we should walk or ride a bike instead of driving.
10. The_________________ （获胜者） of the competition will be in with a chance to visit London next month.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Do you play Ant Forest It is 1_________________ online game on Alipay（支付宝）. Players 2_________________（collect） “energy” by doing something environmentally friendly. They can grow and water 3_________________（they） own “trees” with the “energy”. 4_________________the “trees” are big enough, Alipay, with some other companies, will plant real trees in the desert（沙漠） area of China. Every year millions of trees5_________________（plant） in this way.
This is part of China’s tree-planting programme. It hopes 6_________________（stop） the desert from becoming larger. Since 1978, China has planted over 66 billion trees 7_________________ the north. It is known as “the Great Green Wall”. For example, Saihanba in Hebei Province was once a desert, 8_________________ now it has become the biggest man-made forest in China.
“China is making the world much 9_________________（green） than before. It sets a good example and has many 10_________________（lesson） to share with the world,” said the United Nations Environment Programme.
参考答案
第21课 九上 Modules 11—12
课堂突破
【中考重点词汇精析】
一、1. enjoyable 2. beautiful 3. retell 4. hopeful 5. unhappy
6. pollution 7. helpful 8. uncomfortable 9. natural
10. been polluted
二、1. a 2. wasteful 3. Don’t/Do not 4. been wasted
【中考重点句型精析】
一、1. which 2. who 3. who
二、1. playing 2. travelling 3. eating 4. talking
当堂检测
一、1. less 2. recycle 3. even though 4. recently 5. policy
二、1. divided 2. tonight 3. killed 4. Compared 5. waste
6. repeat 7. rapid 8. hopeless 9. pollution 10. winner
三、1. an 2. collect 3. their 4. When/If 5. are planted
6. to stop 7. in 8. but 9. greener 10. lessons
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第21课 九上 Modules 11—12
课前预热
重点易错单词 1. general （adj.）整体的；普遍的2. standard （n.）标准；水准3. difficulty （n.）困难；困境4. winner （n.）获胜者5. congratulations （n.）（pl.）祝贺6. less （adj.）较小的；较少的7. present （v.）授予；呈递8. factory （n.）制造厂；工厂9. enemy （n.）敌人10. pollute （v.）污染11. recycle （v.）回收利用12. recently （adv.）最近 13. divide （v.）分开14. plastic （n.）塑料15. policy （n.）政策；方针16. headmaster （n.）男校长17. hopeless （adj.）无望的18. rubber （n.）橡胶19. granddaughter （n.）（外）孙女
一词多义 1. present（v．）授予；呈递 （n.）现在；礼物 （adj．）出席的；现在的2． step（n.）脚步；台阶；梯级；步骤 （v.）迈步；跨步3. subject（n.）主题；科目
词形变换 1. general（adj.）→ generally （adv.）普遍地；整体地2. feel（v.）→ feeling （n.）感觉3. difficult（adj.）→ difficulty （n.）困难4. recent（adj.）→ recently （adv.）最近5. rush（v.）→ rushes （第三人称单数一般现在式）冲；奔6. congratulate（v.）→ congratulations （n.）（pl.）祝贺7. factory（n.）→ factories （pl.）工厂；制造厂8. pollute（v.）→ pollution （n.）污染9. recycle（v.）→ recycling （n.）回收利用10. waste（n.）→ waste （v.）浪费→ wasteful （adj.）浪费的11. enemy（n.）→ enemies （pl.）敌人12. little（adj.）→ less （比较级）更少的；更小的→ least （最高级）最少的；最小的13. rapid（adj.）→ rapidly （adv.）快速地；迅速地14. grandson（n.）→ granddaughter （对应词）（外）孙女
中考词组短语 1. win the competition赢得比赛2. at the school dance在学校舞会上3. the general standard总体水准4. solve the difficulties解决困难5. be in with a chance有机会6. even though虽然；即使7. give prizes颁奖8. protect... against... 保护……免受……9. congratulations to sb. （on sth.）（因某事）祝贺某人10. enter the competition参加比赛11. present the prizes to... 颁奖给……12. cause pollution造成污染13. in poor areas在贫困地区14. save energy节约能源15. less waste更少的浪费16. do with对付；处理17. divide... into... 把……分成……18. throw away扔掉19. be harmful to... 对……有害20. as long as possible尽可能长时间21. change... into... 把……变成……22. something else别的事（物）23. hope for期待24. take steps采取措施25. generally speaking总的来讲；一般来说
中考句型回顾 语法句型 1. He’s the boy who/that won the photo competition last year!他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩！A group of photos which/that show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and Away.一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故土与他乡”这一主题的奖项。3. Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think that reducing pollution is hopeless .虽然现在污染严重，但我认为减少污染不是没有希望的。
功能句型 1. 摄影比赛：①The general standard of the com-petition is much higher this year.今年比赛的整体水准更高。② Take some photos of Beijing and add some photos of Cambridge that you took recently . 拍一些北京的照片并添加一些你最近拍的剑桥的照片。③ Compared with other years, we received many more photos.与往年相比，我们收到了更多的照片。④It is a beautiful girl who/that is wearing a blouse and skirt, and who/that is protecting her books against the showers．那是一个穿着女衬衫和裙子的漂亮女孩，正在保护她的书免受雨淋。2. 环境保护：①Do you divide the waste into things to recycle and things to throw away 你把垃圾按可回收的和需要丢弃的进行分类整理吗？②We all need a healthy environment , but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment. 我们都需要一个健康的环境，但是我们每天都会制造垃圾，这对我们的环境有害。③ Turn off the lights when you do not need them. 当你不需要灯的时候请把它们关了。④ It is impossible to clean up the whole river in such a short time．在这么短的时间内清理干净整条河流是不可能的。⑤I’ve already tried my best to protect the environment. 我已经尽我最大努力去保护环境了。
课堂突破
中考重点词汇精析
一、pollution
单词解析
n. 污染。如：
Cars cause pollution, both smog and acid rain.
汽车造成的污染既有烟雾也有酸雨。
pollution是pollute加后缀-ion而来，是不可数名词。相关短语：light pollution光污染；air pollution空气污染；water pollution水污染；noise pollution噪音污染。
掌握一些英语构词法，对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助。
1. 常见的前缀：
（1）表示否定意义的前缀。如：
dis-: dishonest, dislike
im-: impossible, immobile
un-: unable, unhappy
（2）re-表示“再一次；重新”。如：
reuse, retell, rewrite, renew
（3）kilo-表示“千”。如：
kilometre, kilogram
（4）tele-表示“远距离的；远”。如：
television, telephone
2. 常见的形容词后缀：
（1）-able: usable, enjoyable, comfortable
（2）-al: natural, environmental, cultural
（3）-less: countless, hopeless, careless
（4）-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful
pollution的动词形式是pollute，意为“污染”。如：
Did it pollute the environment
它对环境有过污染吗？
活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The trip is so_________________ （enjoy）.
2. Hangzhou is a_________________ （beauty） city.
3. Can you_________________ （tell） the story I want to enjoy it again.
4. Everyone is feeling pretty_________________ （hope） about the future.
5. Lucy is_________________ （happy） today because she failed the exam.
6. We are sad about the_________________ （pollute） of our beaches with oil.
7. Lingling is a lively and_________________ （help） girl and everyone likes her a lot.
8. The music is so_________________ （comfortable） that I can’t stand it any more.
9. I think_________________ （nature） wonders are more interesting than man-made ones.
10. The river has_________________ （pollute） by waste products from the factory for many years.
二、waste
单词解析
1. v. 浪费。如：
Don’t waste time or money.
不要浪费时间或金钱。
2. n. 浪费；废弃物。如：
What a waste of paper!多么浪费纸张啊！
wasteful是waste的形容词，意为“浪费的”。
活学活用
根据句意，在横线上填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Playing computer games is_________________ waste of time!
2. It’s_________________ （waste） to use only one side of a piece of paper.
3._________________ （not） waste your energy on such a thing!
4. Lots of money has_________________ （waste） on clothes you don’t need!
中考重点句型精析
一、He’s the boy who won the photo
competition last year!
他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩！
句型解析
以上句子是含有定语从句的复合句。
1. 当先行词是人时，定语从句由who或that引导。从句中的who是关系代词，当它引导定语从句时，它起连接先行词和定语从句的作用。
who在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略。如：
He’s the person who is looking for you.
他就是正在找你的那个人。
who在定语从句中也可以作宾语。who作宾语时，可省略。如：
He’s the photographer （who） we awarded the prize to.
他是我们给予奖励的那个摄影师。
2. 当先行词是物时，定语从句由which或that引导。如：
①This is the pen which was given by my friend. 这是我朋友给我的那支钢笔。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。）
②This is the pen （which） my friend gave to me. 这是我朋友给我的那支钢笔。（which在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。）
辨异突破
用which或who填空。
1. The photo_________________ we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.
2. Do you know Mr Zhang,_________________ they like very much
3. The girl_________________ always smiles at others is our monitor.
二、It’s no use talking about things we can’t do.
谈论我们做不到的事是没有用的。
句型解析
动名词短语在句中作主语，it只是作形式主语，真正作主语的动名词则放在后面。it is后可接no use, no good, fun, a waste of time等词。如：
①It is no use crying. 哭也没用。
②It is no good waiting here. Let’s walk home.
在这里等没用。让我们走回家吧。
③It is great fun sailing a boat.
驾帆船很有乐趣。
活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s a waste of time_________________ （play） computer games.
2. It’s fun_________________ （travel） all over the world.
3. It’s no good_________________ （eat） too much.
4． It’s no use_________________ （talk） too much.
当堂检测
一、选词填空
用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
policy recycle less recent even though
1. I read much_________________ now than I used to.
2. We should_________________ the waste things.
3. I will have a try_________________ I may fail.
4. We received a letter from him_________________ .
5. Thanks to the new_________________ , our country develops faster and faster.
二、单词拼写
1. The book is_________________ （分开） into six sections.
2. Will you have dinner with me_________________ （今晚）
3. The cat was dead and it was_________________ （杀死） by a truck.
4._________________ （比较） with your greenhouse, ours is nothing.
5. It seems such a_________________ （浪费） to throw good food away.
6. Sorry, I didn’t follow you. Could you please_________________（重复） it
7. She had a strong will and power of_________________（迅速的） decision.
8. He felt that his life was a_________________ （无望的） mess and a bit sad.
9. To reduce air_________________ （污染）, we should walk or ride a bike instead of driving.
10. The_________________ （获胜者） of the competition will be in with a chance to visit London next month.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Do you play Ant Forest It is 1_________________ online game on Alipay（支付宝）. Players 2_________________（collect） “energy” by doing something environmentally friendly. They can grow and water 3_________________（they） own “trees” with the “energy”. 4_________________the “trees” are big enough, Alipay, with some other companies, will plant real trees in the desert（沙漠） area of China. Every year millions of trees5_________________（plant） in this way.
This is part of China’s tree-planting programme. It hopes 6_________________（stop） the desert from becoming larger. Since 1978, China has planted over 66 billion trees 7_________________ the north. It is known as “the Great Green Wall”. For example, Saihanba in Hebei Province was once a desert, 8_________________ now it has become the biggest man-made forest in China.
“China is making the world much 9_________________（green） than before. It sets a good example and has many 10_________________（lesson） to share with the world,” said the United Nations Environment Programme.
参考答案
第21课 九上 Modules 11—12
课堂突破
【中考重点词汇精析】
一、1. enjoyable 2. beautiful 3. retell 4. hopeful 5. unhappy
6. pollution 7. helpful 8. uncomfortable 9. natural
10. been polluted
二、1. a 2. wasteful 3. Don’t/Do not 4. been wasted
【中考重点句型精析】
一、1. which 2. who 3. who
二、1. playing 2. travelling 3. eating 4. talking
当堂检测
一、1. less 2. recycle 3. even though 4. recently 5. policy
二、1. divided 2. tonight 3. killed 4. Compared 5. waste
6. repeat 7. rapid 8. hopeless 9. pollution 10. winner
三、1. an 2. collect 3. their 4. When/If 5. are planted
6. to stop 7. in 8. but 9. greener 10. lessons
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