2021—2022学年呼和浩特市高一年级质量数据监测
英语
一、阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Educational App Store
Busuu
Busuu helps you learn English language and the lesson’s quality is guaranteed as it is based on CEFR language framework. Lessons range from beginners to advanced learners. Busuu is actually a great English app if you want to improve your spoken English by talking with native speakers.
Duolingo
Duolingo is one of the best English language apps today and highly recommended for English beginners. The system of the app helps you learn English quickly by spending twenty minutes a day. Duolingo structures your lessons that teach you about seven new words based on a topic and skill points being awarded for completing the lessons.
Memrise
Memrise uses some creative and easy ways to remember English words. The focus of this app is to help the users expand their vocabulary by learning English words in an effective way. Memrise also offers an offline mode to continue learning without Internet connection.
Rosetta Stone
Rosetta Stone is designed differently from average language apps on the marketplace today. It’s trying to teach us English the way we’d learn it if we were children starting to learn the language. It has exercises designed to help you learn basic words. A variety of lessons are offered that Rosetta Stone has been using for years.
1. Which of the following is the most helpful for speaking
A. Busuu. B. Duolingo. C. Memrise. D. Rosetta Stone.
2. What is unique about Memrise
A. It serves English beginners. B. It helps develop vocabulary.
C. It works online or offline. D. It promises quick progress.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A To promote the new apps. B. To give ways of learning.
C. To show the high technology. D. To inspire language learners.
B
Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as Hutong.
Hutong are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk. Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1, 000 Hutong, most of which are near the Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3, 250. In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, which cover 62 square kilometers, some people will be asked to move from Hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.
“On average more than 100, 000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays. The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics,”said Huang Yan, director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that Hutong should be protected from human damage.
The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritages worked. Wang Shaofeng, head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). The district of Xicheng has 1. 28 million residents in its 57 square kilometers of land. “The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage,” Wang said.
“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially Hutong, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished,” Wang said.
No one knows for sure how many Hutong will be left in the coming 100 years.
4. How many Hutong have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing
A. Less than 1000. B. About 2000.
C. More than 3000. D. Over 4000.
5. According to Huang Yan, what is the main cause of the damage to cultural relics
A. Visitors’ activity. B. Residents’ attitude.
C. Communities, behavior. D. The governments’ policy.
6. Which of the following is a useful way to protect Hutong
A. To attract more visitors. B. To punish anyone damaging it.
C. To increase the local population. D. To forbid everyone getting close to it.
C
Earthquakes are a natural disaster—except when they're man-made. The oil and gas industry has forcefully used the technique known as hydraulic fracturing (水力压裂法) to destroy sub-surface rock and liberate the oil and gas hiding there. But the process results in large amounts of chemical-filled waste water. Horizontal drilling (水平钻孔) for oil can also produce large amount of natural, unwanted salt water. The industry deals with this waste water by pumping it into deep wells.
On Monday, the US Geological Survey published for the first time an earthquake disaster map covering both natural and “induced” quakes. The map and a report show that parts of the central United States now face a ground-shaking disaster equal to the famously unstable terrain (不稳定地形) of California.
Some 7 million people live in places easily attacked by these man-made quakes, the USGS said The list of places at highest risk of man-made earthquakes includes Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Ohio and Alabama. Most of these earthquakes are relatively small, in the range of magnitude (震级) 3, but some have been more powerful, including a magnitude 5.6 earthquake in 2011 in Oklahoma that was connected to waste water filling.
Scientists said they do not know if there is an upper limit on the magnitude of man-made earthquakes; this is an area of active research. Oklahoma has had prehistoric earthquakes as powerful as magnitude 7.
It's not immediately clear whether this new research will change industry practices, or even whether it will surprise anyone in the areas of newly supposed danger. In Oklahoma, for example, the natural rate of earthquakes is only one or two a year, but there have been hundreds since hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, with the waste water filling, became common in the last ten years.
7. What kind of human activities can cause earthquakes
A. The man-made produced waste water in the factories.
B. The process of digging deep wells in those poor areas.
C. The advanced techniques used to deal with waste water.
D. The oil or gas industry's work connected with the earth.
8. What does the underlined word “induced” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Man-made. B. Reduced.
C. Newly-built. D. Controlled.
9. How much magnitude can man-made earthquakes reach
A. It's been said as small as magnitude 3.
B. It has been said as high as magnitude 7.
C. It's being studied without a final conclusion.
D. It has risen by an average of magnitude 5. 6.
10. What is the best title for the text
A. Natural Earthquakes in America Are Disappearing Now
B. 7 Million Americans at Risk of Man-Made Earthquakes
C. Time for Oil and Gas Industry Change Their Working Practice
D. More Often Earthquakes as Powerful as Magnitude 7 in America
第二节（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为对于选项。
When it comes to having fun in the sun, it’s easy to lose track of time. If you’re not careful, this can be quite dangerous.____11____ But it can easily be prevented — all you need is a little sunscreen.
____12____ People have been using chemical pastes to protect themselves from the sun for centuries. But the first modem sunscreen sold on the market was offered by French company: L’oreal in 1935.
Several other companies were quick to release their own sunscreens. Perhaps the biggest advancement in the world of sunscreen came in the 1970s, when scientists started looking at the sun protection factor, or SPF. ____13____
The advantages of using sunscreen are obvious. It limits the painful effects of sunburn. ____14____ Millions of people have died from skin cancer caused by ultraviolet rays from the SUITL. Remember to apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outside.
Unfortunately, there are many mistaken ideas about sunscreen. ____15____ Some also think you only need to put it on once for a whole day’s protection or that you don’t need it on cloudy days. None of these things are true. Experts say you should apply sunscreen every two hours when outside- in the daytime, no matter how dark your skin is or what the weather is like.
A. And it can even save your life.
B. Sunscreen is not exactly a recent invention.
C. Choosing a sunscreen isn’t as simple as it used to be.
D. In direct sunlight, sunburn can occur in less than 15 minutes.
E. This rating is a number that shows how effective a sunscreen is.
F. It’s believed that you don’t need much sunscreen if you have dark skin.
G. Some think a good method is to cover as much as possible with protective clothing.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。
Happiness always lies in giving help to others. And Steven Smith has just set us a good___16___.
Donald Austin is a teacher. He had a___17___accident several months ago. And he had to___18___three months in hospital. He also had part of his left___19___cut off.
Now he was able to go back home. Donald thought he could go___20___the steps to the front door of his home using walking sticks. But he wasn't as___21___ as he had hoped. And the wheelchair was too___22___. His wife, Jennifer Austin, couldn't lift it up the steps, even with his mother's help. Donald___23___ at last. And the family all felt very ___24___. They were out of strength and almost lost___25___.
Just then, a car ___26___ their eyes. It had driven past but was slowly ___27___ back. The stranger, Steven Smith, ___28___ and asked if he could help. The family watched Smith help Donald inside the house and place him ___29___ on the sofa. But Smith knew there was still more to do.
He thought Donald might have to ___30___ those steps many times in the future. So the next day, Smith came to Donald's house again. He asked if he could ___31___ a ramp(斜坡) in front of the house. With some other helping hands, Smith ___32___ built a ramp over the steps. And now the wheelchair can go up and down easily. The kind act brought the family to ___33___.
“This stranger has ___34___ the day for us twice within 24 hours,” Jennifer ___35___ on Facebook. “He brought us hope and made our day more beautiful.”
16. A. courage B. example C. record D. rule
17. A. serious B. strange C. clear D. strict
18. A. take B. cost C. spend D. get
19. A. arm B. stomach C. heart D. leg
20. A. down B. off C. out D. up
21. A. strong B. clever C. weak D. thick
22. A. small B. heavy C. full D. cheap
23. A. stood up B. went away C. gave up D. worked out
24. A. sad B. delighted C. annoyed D. excited
25. A. mind B. hope C. face D. weight
26. A. kept B. threw C. held D. caught
27. A. walking B. offering C. turning D. calling
28. A. stopped B. left C. removed D. arrived
29. A. rapidly B. silently C. suddenly D. carefully
30. A. jump B. climb C. enter D. run
31. A. build B. achieve C. complete D. search
32. A. slowly B. hardly C. easily D. successfully
33. A. success B. surprise C. tears D. anger
34 A. received B. saved C. contributed D. started
35 A. talked B. spoke C. wrote D. remembered
第二节（共10小题海小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。请将答案填写在文后指定位置。
My name is Ma Lili, a ___36___ (survive) from the Tangshan earthquake in 1976. Many strange things happened before the earthquake, but we didn't take it___37___ (serious). In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in ___38___ (ruin). The number of people killed or badly ___39___(injure) reached more than 240,000. My family and I ___40___ (bury) under the building. Luckily, soldiers came to our rescue in time. It was reported that Tangshan was the centre of the earthquake and tens of thousands of people died, ___41___ shocked the world! At that time, some people___42___ (think) Tangshan would disappear from the world. ___43___, Tangshan soon began to breathe again. We all devoted ___44___ (us) to rebuilding it and the city now is becoming even ____45____ (beautiful) than before.
第三部分 写作（共三节，满分45分）
第一节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
concern, doubt, admit, transport, reward, rescue, present, charge, fight, quality
46 There is no ________ that the search for those lost cultural relics will continue.
47. The air pollution is more and more serious at ________.
48. Sun Yingsha practised hard every day in order to be ________ as a competitor in the Olympic Games.
49. Who will take ________ of the company after the manager retires
50. Nelson Mandela devoted his whole life to ________ for the freedom of the black.
51. John wanted to give 100 yuan as a ________ to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.
52. Ten fishermen were saved in a difficult sea ________.
53. What kind of ________ do you prefer to use: bus or train
54. Our products of high ________ sell well in Britain.
55. As far as I am ________, you can do what you like.
第二节 单句改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
下列每句话中都有一处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
56. Though they are tired, the rescuers are still in search the missing people in the flood.
57. You can telephone me every a few days, and in that way we can keep in touch with each other.
58. After school the students walked out of the classroom one after other.
59. They left without leaving a message, that was more than we had expected.
60. It is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
61. We haven’t seen him again ever since he has left the city.
62. He set us a good example and was thought high of by all the teachers and students in our school.
63. It was not until she got home when Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
64. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, which they learn simple games and songs.
65. In their opinions, you are making a huge mistake.
第三节 书面表达（满分25分）
66. 假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应新的生活和学习环境，想家，感到很焦虑。请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。要点如下：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰；
2. 提出三点建议并给出相应的理由；（例：了解中国文化，积极参加课外活动等。）
3. 给予鼓励。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Linda,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua2021—2022学年呼和浩特市高一年级质量数据监测
英语
一、阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Educational App Store
Busuu
Busuu helps you learn English language and the lesson’s quality is guaranteed as it is based on CEFR language framework. Lessons range from beginners to advanced learners. Busuu is actually a great English app if you want to improve your spoken English by talking with native speakers.
Duolingo
Duolingo is one of the best English language apps today and highly recommended for English beginners. The system of the app helps you learn English quickly by spending twenty minutes a day. Duolingo structures your lessons that teach you about seven new words based on a topic and skill points being awarded for completing the lessons.
Memrise
Memrise uses some creative and easy ways to remember English words. The focus of this app is to help the users expand their vocabulary by learning English words in an effective way. Memrise also offers an offline mode to continue learning without Internet connection.
Rosetta Stone
Rosetta Stone is designed differently from average language apps on the marketplace today. It’s trying to teach us English the way we’d learn it if we were children starting to learn the language. It has exercises designed to help you learn basic words. A variety of lessons are offered that Rosetta Stone has been using for years.
1. Which of the following is the most helpful for speaking
A. Busuu. B. Duolingo. C. Memrise. D. Rosetta Stone.
2. What is unique about Memrise
A. It serves English beginners. B. It helps develop vocabulary.
C. It works online or offline. D. It promises quick progress.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To promote the new apps. B. To give ways of learning.
C. To show the high technology. D. To inspire language learners.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了教育软件商店中的一些APP。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Busuu is actually a great English app if you want to improve your spoken English by talking with native speakers.（如果你想通过与以英语为母语的人交谈来提高英语口语，Busuu实际上是一款很棒的英语应用程序。）”可知，对于说英语最有帮助的就是Busuu ，故选择A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Memrise also offers an offline mode to continue learning without Internet connection.（Memrise还提供离线模式，无需连接互联网即可继续学习。）”可知，Memrise既可以线上学习，也可以离线学习，故选择C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Educational App Store（教育软件商店）”及下文四款软件的介绍可知，本文的主要目的是为了推广新的软件，故选择A项。
B
Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as Hutong.
Hutong are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk. Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1, 000 Hutong, most of which are near the Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3, 250. In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, which cover 62 square kilometers, some people will be asked to move from Hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.
“On average more than 100, 000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays. The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics,”said Huang Yan, director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that Hutong should be protected from human damage.
The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritages worked. Wang Shaofeng, head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). The district of Xicheng has 1. 28 million residents in its 57 square kilometers of land. “The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage,” Wang said.
“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially Hutong, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished,” Wang said.
No one knows for sure how many Hutong will be left in the coming 100 years.
4. How many Hutong have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing
A. Less than 1000. B. About 2000.
C. More than 3000. D. Over 4000.
5. According to Huang Yan, what is the main cause of the damage to cultural relics
A. Visitors’ activity. B. Residents’ attitude.
C. Communities, behavior. D. The governments’ policy.
6. Which of the following is a useful way to protect Hutong
A. To attract more visitors. B. To punish anyone damaging it.
C. To increase the local population. D. To forbid everyone getting close to it.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了北京胡同的现状和保护措施。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs, most of which are near the Imperial Palaces. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250. ”(据信，北京目前只有不到1000条胡同，其中大部分在故宫附近。而在60年前，这个数字是3250)，可知，过去60年间，北京的胡同减少了约2000条。选项B与文意相符，故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三自然段““On average more than 100,000 people visit the Imperial Palaces during the National Day holidays. The visitors put pressure on the protection of cultural relics, ”said Huang Yan. ”(“国庆假期期间，平均有超过10万人参观故宫。游客给文物保护带来了压力。”黄杨说。)和“hutongs should be protected from human damage ”(胡同应该受到保护，避免人为破坏)可知，黄杨认为游客活动对文物造成了破坏。选项A与文意相符，故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五自然段““Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially hutongs, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished, ” Wang said. ”(王说，“每个社区都被要求报告其文化遗产的状况，特别是胡同，任何破坏遗产的行为都将受到惩罚。”)可知，惩罚破坏遗产的行为是一种可行的办法。选项B与文意相符，故选B项。
C
Earthquakes are a natural disaster—except when they're man-made. The oil and gas industry has forcefully used the technique known as hydraulic fracturing (水力压裂法) to destroy sub-surface rock and liberate the oil and gas hiding there. But the process results in large amounts of chemical-filled waste water. Horizontal drilling (水平钻孔) for oil can also produce large amount of natural, unwanted salt water. The industry deals with this waste water by pumping it into deep wells.
On Monday, the US Geological Survey published for the first time an earthquake disaster map covering both natural and “induced” quakes. The map and a report show that parts of the central United States now face a ground-shaking disaster equal to the famously unstable terrain (不稳定地形) of California.
Some 7 million people live in places easily attacked by these man-made quakes, the USGS said The list of places at highest risk of man-made earthquakes includes Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Ohio and Alabama. Most of these earthquakes are relatively small, in the range of magnitude (震级) 3, but some have been more powerful, including a magnitude 5.6 earthquake in 2011 in Oklahoma that was connected to waste water filling.
Scientists said they do not know if there is an upper limit on the magnitude of man-made earthquakes; this is an area of active research. Oklahoma has had prehistoric earthquakes as powerful as magnitude 7.
It's not immediately clear whether this new research will change industry practices, or even whether it will surprise anyone in the areas of newly supposed danger. In Oklahoma, for example, the natural rate of earthquakes is only one or two a year, but there have been hundreds since hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, with the waste water filling, became common in the last ten years.
7. What kind of human activities can cause earthquakes
A The man-made produced waste water in the factories.
B. The process of digging deep wells in those poor areas.
C. The advanced techniques used to deal with waste water.
D. The oil or gas industry's work connected with the earth.
8. What does the underlined word “induced” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Man-made. B. Reduced.
C. Newly-built. D. Controlled.
9. How much magnitude can man-made earthquakes reach
A. It's been said as small as magnitude 3.
B. It has been said as high as magnitude 7.
C. It's being studied without a final conclusion.
D. It has risen by an average of magnitude 5. 6.
10 What is the best title for the text
A. Natural Earthquakes in America Are Disappearing Now
B. 7 Million Americans at Risk of Man-Made Earthquakes
C. Time for Oil and Gas Industry Change Their Working Practice
D. More Often Earthquakes as Powerful as Magnitude 7 in America
【答案】7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了人造地震的概念，这是由于一些企业在开采石油和天然气过程中破坏地表而产生的，也因此有七百万美国人都处于其风险之中，尽管人造地震能达到的震级上限还在研究中，但已经对人们的生活造成了影响。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The oil and gas industry has forcefully used the technique known as hydraulic fracturing (水力压裂法) to destroy sub-surface rock and liberate the oil and gas hiding there.(油气产业过激地使用名为水力压裂法的技术，来破坏地下的岩石并释放里面蕴藏的油气)”可知，所谓人造的地震就是油气企业在进行破坏地表的作业时产生的，与D选项描述相符。故选D项。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“the US Geological Survey published for the first time an earthquake disaster map covering”可知，美国地质调查局发布了一张地震分布图，而句中的“both natural and‘induced’quakes”是地图的分布类型，已知 natural quakes指的是自然发生的地震，由此可知induced指的是与natural对应的“人为引起的地震”，或者由外因引起的地震。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Scientists said they do not know if there is an upper limit on the magnitude of man-made earthquakes; this is an area of active research.(科学家表示他们也不清楚这些人造地震的震级有没有上限，这仍是一块有待探索的区域)”可知，人造地震可达到的震级上限还是未知的、有待研究的，与C选项描述一致。故选C项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。总览全文，文章首先抛出了人造地震的概念并解释了其由来，美国地质调查局发布的地震灾害分布图则直接显示了包括多个州在内、七百万美国人都会受到这种地震的威胁。B选项“七百万美国人处于人造地震的风险中”最能涵盖文章的主要内容，适合作为标题。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为对于选项。
When it comes to having fun in the sun, it’s easy to lose track of time. If you’re not careful, this can be quite dangerous.____11____ But it can easily be prevented — all you need is a little sunscreen.
____12____ People have been using chemical pastes to protect themselves from the sun for centuries. But the first modem sunscreen sold on the market was offered by French company: L’oreal in 1935.
Several other companies were quick to release their own sunscreens. Perhaps the biggest advancement in the world of sunscreen came in the 1970s, when scientists started looking at the sun protection factor, or SPF. ____13____
The advantages of using sunscreen are obvious. It limits the painful effects of sunburn. ____14____ Millions of people have died from skin cancer caused by ultraviolet rays from the SUITL. Remember to apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outside.
Unfortunately, there are many mistaken ideas about sunscreen. ____15____ Some also think you only need to put it on once for a whole day’s protection or that you don’t need it on cloudy days. None of these things are true. Experts say you should apply sunscreen every two hours when outside- in the daytime, no matter how dark your skin is or what the weather is like.
A And it can even save your life.
B. Sunscreen is not exactly a recent invention.
C. Choosing a sunscreen isn’t as simple as it used to be.
D. In direct sunlight, sunburn can occur in less than 15 minutes.
E. This rating is a number that shows how effective a sunscreen is.
F. It’s believed that you don’t need much sunscreen if you have dark skin.
G. Some think a good method is to cover as much as possible with protective clothing.
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. E 14. A 15. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防晒霜，介绍了防晒霜的作用、历史、好处以及一些错误观念等。
【11题详解】
根据上文“When it comes to having fun in the sun, it’s easy to lose track of time. If you’re not careful, this can be quite dangerous.(说到在阳光下玩得开心，人们很容易忘记时间。如果你不小心，这可能是相当危险的)”以及后文“But it can easily be prevented — all you need is a little sunscreen.(但这很容易预防——你所需要的只是一点点防晒霜)”可知，上文提到在阳光下玩耍不注意会很危险，后文提到了防晒霜，可推测本句是在说明这一危险是晒伤。故D选项“在阳光直射下，不到15分钟就会被晒伤”符合语境，故选D。
【12题详解】
根据后文“People have been using chemical pastes to protect themselves from the sun for centuries. But the first modem sunscreen sold on the market was offered by French company: L’oreal in 1935.(几个世纪以来，人们一直使用化学浆糊来保护自己免受日晒。但1935年，法国公司欧莱雅在市场上推出了第一款现代防晒霜)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的发明历史，故B选项“防晒霜并不是最近才发明的”符合语境，故选B。
【13题详解】
根据上文“Several other companies were quick to release their own sunscreens. Perhaps the biggest advancement in the world of sunscreen came in the 1970s, when scientists started looking at the sun protection factor, or SPF.(其他几家公司也迅速推出了自己的防晒霜。也许防晒霜世界上最大的进步出现在20世纪70年代，当时科学家们开始研究防晒系数)”可知，上文提到了“防晒系数”一次，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续对此进行解释说明，E选项中This rating对应上文中SPF。故E选项“这个等级是一个显示防晒霜的效果的数字”符合语境，故选E。
【14题详解】
根据上文“The advantages of using sunscreen are obvious. It limits the painful effects of sunburn.(使用防晒霜的好处是显而易见的。它能减轻晒伤带来的痛苦)”以及后文“Millions of people have died from skin cancer caused by ultraviolet rays from the SUITL. (数百万人死于SUITL的紫外线引起的皮肤癌)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的益处，后文提到了很多人死于皮肤癌，可推测防晒霜还可以拯救生命，A选项中it指代上文sunscreen。故A选项“它甚至可以拯救你的生命”符合语境，故选A。
【15题详解】
根据上文“Unfortunately, there are many mistaken ideas about sunscreen.(不幸的是，关于防晒霜有很多错误的观念)”以及后文“Some also think you only need to put it on once for a whole day’s protection or that you don’t need it on cloudy days. None of these things are true. Experts say you should apply sunscreen every two hours when outside- in the daytime, no matter how dark your skin is or what the weather is like.(也有些人认为你只需要涂一次就能保护一整天，或者阴天不需要。这些都不是真的。专家说，在户外每两个小时就应该涂一次防晒霜——在白天，无论你的皮肤有多黑或天气如何)”可知，本段主要是关于防晒霜的一些误解，故本句承接上文具体说明人们的误解是什么，F选项中you have dark skin对应后文中how dark your skin。故F选项“人们认为，如果你是深色皮肤，你不需要太多的防晒霜”符合语境，故选F。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。
Happiness always lies in giving help to others. And Steven Smith has just set us a good___16___.
Donald Austin is a teacher. He had a___17___accident several months ago. And he had to___18___three months in hospital. He also had part of his left___19___cut off.
Now he was able to go back home. Donald thought he could go___20___the steps to the front door of his home using walking sticks. But he wasn't as___21___ as he had hoped. And the wheelchair was too___22___. His wife, Jennifer Austin, couldn't lift it up the steps, even with his mother's help. Donald___23___ at last. And the family all felt very ___24___. They were out of strength and almost lost___25___.
Just then, a car ___26___ their eyes. It had driven past but was slowly ___27___ back. The stranger, Steven Smith, ___28___ and asked if he could help. The family watched Smith help Donald inside the house and place him ___29___ on the sofa. But Smith knew there was still more to do.
He thought Donald might have to ___30___ those steps many times in the future. So the next day, Smith came to Donald's house again. He asked if he could ___31___ a ramp(斜坡) in front of the house. With some other helping hands, Smith ___32___ built a ramp over the steps. And now the wheelchair can go up and down easily. The kind act brought the family to ___33___.
“This stranger has ___34___ the day for us twice within 24 hours,” Jennifer ___35___ on Facebook. “He brought us hope and made our day more beautiful.”
16. A. courage B. example C. record D. rule
17. A. serious B. strange C. clear D. strict
18. A. take B. cost C. spend D. get
19. A. arm B. stomach C. heart D. leg
20. A. down B. off C. out D. up
21. A. strong B. clever C. weak D. thick
22. A. small B. heavy C. full D. cheap
23. A. stood up B. went away C. gave up D. worked out
24. A. sad B. delighted C. annoyed D. excited
25. A. mind B. hope C. face D. weight
26. A. kept B. threw C. held D. caught
27. A. walking B. offering C. turning D. calling
28. A. stopped B. left C. removed D. arrived
29. A. rapidly B. silently C. suddenly D. carefully
30. A. jump B. climb C. enter D. run
31. A. build B. achieve C. complete D. search
32. A. slowly B. hardly C. easily D. successfully
33. A. success B. surprise C. tears D. anger
34. A. received B. saved C. contributed D. started
35. A. talked B. spoke C. wrote D. remembered
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了Donald Austin因为疾病切掉了他的一部分左腿，他们回到家后面临的麻烦是不能把轮椅搬到房子里，好心的Steven Smith帮他们解决了这个难题，Steven Smith带给Austin一家乐观和便利。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：Steven Smith刚刚给我们树立了一个很好的榜样。 A. courage勇气； B. example例子，榜样；C. record记录；D. rule规则。Steven Smith帮助Donald Austin解决了问题，给我们树立一个好榜样，set us a good example是固定搭配，符合文意，故选B。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Donald Austin几个月前发生了一次严重的事故。A. serious严肃的，严重的；B. strange奇怪的； C. clear清晰的；D. strict严厉的。根据后文可知，Donald Austin的腿部截肢，乘坐轮椅，可知其发生了严重的事故。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：而且他不得不住院3个月。A. take拿走； B. cost花费； C. spend花费； D. get 取得。句子主语是he，与spend连用表示“花费时间”，而cost的主语一般使用事物。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：他的左腿还切除了一部分。A. arm胳膊；B. stomach胃C. heart心脏；D. leg腿。根据第三段中using walking sticks可知，Donald Austin切除的是腿的一部分。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：Donald以为可以用拐杖爬上家门的台阶。A. down向下； B. off离开； C. out外面； D. up向上。根据下文His wife, Jennifer Austin, couldn't lift it up the steps可知，Donald要用拐杖爬上家门的台阶。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查形容词。 句意：但是他并不像他希望的那样强壮。A. strong强壮的； B. clever聪明的； C. weak虚弱的； D. thick厚的。他原以为住院三个月后，身体已经足够强壮可以使用拐杖上楼了。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：轮椅也太重了。A. small小的； B. heavy沉重的； C. full充分的；D. cheap便宜的。下一句话提到他的妻子不能抬动轮椅上楼，因此可判断轮椅是沉重的。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：Donald最后放弃了。 A. stand up站起来；B. go away走开； C. give up放弃； D. work out计算出，想出。根据前文可知，在妻子和妈妈的帮助下也不能抬得动，因此Donald最后放弃了上楼的努力。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：家人都感到非常悲伤。 A. sad悲伤的； B. delighted高兴的； C. annoyed生气的； D. excited兴奋的。大家努力一番也没能帮助Donald成功上楼，因此心情是悲伤的。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们累得上气不接下气，几乎失去了希望。A. mind心绪； B. hope希望；C. face脸； D. weight重量。大家很累很悲伤，因此放弃了上楼的希望。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意： 就在这时，一辆汽车吸引了他们的注意力。 A. keep保持； B. throw扔掉； C. hold举起； D. catch抓住。catch one’s eyes,是固定搭配，意为“吸引某人的注意力”，符合语意。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：它已经过去了，但是慢慢地转回来了。A. walk散步； B. offer提供； C. turn转身，转弯；D. call打电话。根据下文Steven Smith asked if he could help，可知，Steven Smith开车转弯回来。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词。句意：Steven Smith停下车问他是否可以帮忙。A. stopped停止； B. left离开； C. removed移走； D. arrived到达。根据常识判断，先停下车，再询问。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：家人看着Smith帮助Donald进屋，并将他小心翼翼地放在沙发上。A. rapidly迅速地； B. silently静静地； C. suddenly突然地； D. carefully小心地。因为Donald身体虚弱，Smith要小心地帮助他。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：Smith认为Donald将来可能不得不多次爬这些台阶。A. jump跳； B. climb爬； C. enter进入； D. run跑。Donald在未来的生活中要上下楼的，因此要多次爬楼梯台阶。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：Smith问是否可以在屋子前建造坡道。A. build建造；B. achieve实现； C. complete完成； D. search寻找。为了能够让Donald上下楼方便，他要建造斜坡。build合乎句意，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：在其他人的帮助下，Smith成功地在台阶上搭建了坡道。 A. slowly缓慢地；B. hardly几乎不；C. easily容易地；D. successfully成功地。根据下文一家人的感激之情可知，Smith “成功地”搭建了坡道。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：善良的举动使一家人感动落泪。 A. success成功；B. surprise惊奇； C. tears眼泪； D. anger愤怒。作为一个过路人，能够帮助Donald一家人解决问题，他们很感动，留下了泪水。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：这个陌生人在24小时内救助了我们两次。A. receive收到； B. save挽救，救助； C. contribute促进； D. start开始。Smith帮助Donald上楼和为Donald修建台阶斜坡，可知Smith在关键时候“救助”这一家两次。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词。 句意：这个陌生人在24小时内救助了我们两次。Jennifer在Facebook上写道。 他给我们带来了希望，并使我们的日子更加美好。A. talke谈话； B. speak说； C. write写；D. remember记得。Facebook(脸书)是一个社交平台，Jennifer在上面写下了这样的话语，以表示她的感激之情。talk和speak不能直接引出说话内容，而是“写”在社交平台上。故选C。
第二节（共10小题海小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。请将答案填写在文后指定位置。
My name is Ma Lili, a ___36___ (survive) from the Tangshan earthquake in 1976. Many strange things happened before the earthquake, but we didn't take it___37___ (serious). In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in ___38___ (ruin). The number of people killed or badly ___39___(injure) reached more than 240,000. My family and I ___40___ (bury) under the building. Luckily, soldiers came to our rescue in time. It was reported that Tangshan was the centre of the earthquake and tens of thousands of people died, ___41___ shocked the world! At that time, some people___42___ (think) Tangshan would disappear from the world. ___43___, Tangshan soon began to breathe again. We all devoted ___44___ (us) to rebuilding it and the city now is becoming even ____45____ (beautiful) than before.
【答案】36. survivor
37. seriously
38. ruins 39. injured
40. were buried
41. which 42. thought
43. However
44. ourselves
45. more beautiful
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者是1976年唐山大地震的幸存者，她回忆了有关那次地震的情况。虽然伤亡240,000多人，损失惨重，但唐山会重新活过来的。
【36题详解】
考查名词。不定冠词a后跟名词，所填词应为名词，所填词是Ma Lili的同位语，Ma Lili指人，所以所填词也应是指人，要填survive的名词形式，词义为幸存者，故填survivor。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句中谓语动词为take，所填词修饰动词，要用副词，所以要填serious的副词形式，故填seriously。
【38题详解】
考查名词复数。固定短语in ruins一片废墟，满目疮痍，ruin要用复数形式，故填ruins。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。并列连词or连接的两个部分要对称平行，or前用了过去分词作后置定语修饰people，所填词的逻辑主语为people，二者是动宾关系，用过去分词表示被动， injured受伤的，切题，故填injured。
【40题详解】
考查被动语态、时态和主谓一致。句中主语My family and I是动词bury的接受者，二者是动宾关系，要用被动语态。主语为and连接的两个名词，谓语动词一定用复数形式。地震发生在1976年，是过去的时间，bury动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填were buried。
【41题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句…shocked the world，修饰前面整个句子，用关系代词which，故填which。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句中时间状语为At that time，表示过去的点时间，谓语动词要用一般过去时，故填thought。
【43题详解】
考查副词。上一句是would disappear …要消失，所填词所在句子是… breathe again又呼吸了，前后句为转折关系，要用表示转折的副词，句首，首字母大写，故填However。
【44题详解】
考查反身代词。句子主语是we，所填词作宾语，给的是代词us，所以要用其反身代词，devoted ourselves to献身于，故填ourselves。
【45题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句中是now和before比较，是二者之间的比较，than用以引出比较的第二部分，所以要填比较级，所填词作表语，形容词作表语，要用形容词比较级，beautiful为多音节词，故填more beautiful。
第三部分 写作（共三节，满分45分）
第一节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
concern, doubt, admit, transport, reward, rescue, present, charge, fight, quality
46. There is no ________ that the search for those lost cultural relics will continue.
47. The air pollution is more and more serious at ________.
48. Sun Yingsha practised hard every day in order to be ________ as a competitor in the Olympic Games.
49. Who will take ________ of the company after the manager retires
50. Nelson Mandela devoted his whole life to ________ for the freedom of the black.
51. John wanted to give 100 yuan as a ________ to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.
52. Ten fishermen were saved in a difficult sea ________.
53. What kind of ________ do you prefer to use: bus or train
54. Our products of high ________ sell well in Britain.
55. As far as I am ________, you can do what you like.
【答案】46. doubt
47. present
48. admitted
49. charge 50. fighting
51. reward 52. rescue
53. transport
54. quality
55. concerned
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，搜寻那些丢失的文物的工作将继续进行。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定句型“There is no doubt that…”，意为“毫无疑问……”，故空格处应填“doubt”，意为“疑问，疑惑”，名词词性。故填doubt。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：目前空气污染越来越严重。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“at present”，意为“目前，现在”，故空格处应填“present”，意为“目前，现在”，名词词性。故填present。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：孙颖莎为了能成为奥运会的参赛者，每天都刻苦训练。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“be admitted as…”，意为“被接纳为……，作为……被接受”，故空格处应填“admitted”，为“admit”的过去分词，意为“承认，准许……加入”，动词词性。故填admitted。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：经理退休后谁来掌管公司？根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“take charge of…”，意为“掌管……，负责……”，故空格处应填“charge”，意为“掌管，主管”，名词词性。故填charge。
【50题详解】
考查动名词。句意：纳尔逊·曼德拉一生致力于为黑人自由而战。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“fight for…”，意为“为……而战斗”，“fight”意为“战斗”，动词词性，“devote one’s life to doing sth.”意为“一生致力于做某事”，故空格处应用“fight”的动名词形式“fighting”。故填fighting。
【51题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：约翰想给捡到钱包的出租车司机100元作为回报。根据句意可知，100元应该是给捡到钱包的出租车司机的回报，故空格处应用“reward”，意为“回报”，名词词性，根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用“reward”的单数形式。故填reward。
【52题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：十名渔民在一次艰难的海上救援中获救。根据句意可知，渔民应该是从海上救援中获救，故空格处应用“rescue”，意为“救援，营救”，名词词性，根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用“rescue”的单数形式。故填rescue。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：你更喜欢使用哪种交通工具：公共汽车还是火车？根据句意可知，公共汽车和火车属于交通工具，故空格处应用“transport”，意为“交通工具，运输工具”，为不可数名词。故填transport。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们的高质量产品在英国销路很好。根据句意可知，高质量的产品才会销路很好，故空格处应用“quality”，意为“质量”，为不可数名词。故填quality。
【55题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：就我而言，你可以做你喜欢做的事。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“As far as I am concerned”，意为“就我而言，对我来说”，故空格处应填“concerned”，意为“关心的，关注的”，形容词词性。故填concerned。
第二节 单句改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
下列每句话中都有一处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
56. Though they are tired, the rescuers are still in search the missing people in the flood.
57. You can telephone me every a few days, and in that way we can keep in touch with each other.
58. After school, the students walked out of the classroom one after other.
59. They left without leaving a message, that was more than we had expected.
60. It is well-known China is rich in natural resources.
61. We haven’t seen him again ever since he has left the city.
62. He set us a good example and was thought high of by all the teachers and students in our school.
63. It was not until she got home when Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
64. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, which they learn simple games and songs.
65. In their opinions, you are making a huge mistake.
【答案】56. search后加 of
57. 删掉a 58. other→another
59. that →which
60. It→As 61. has 删掉
62. high→highly
63. when → that
64. which→ where
65. opinions→opinion
【解析】
【详解】1.考查短语。句意：虽然他们很累，救援人员仍在搜寻洪水中失踪的人。固定短语：in search of“搜寻”，根据句中in search可知，search后要加of，故search后加of。
2.考查冠词。句意：你可以隔几天给我打个电话，这样我们就能保持联系了。短语：every few days“每隔几天”，few前不用冠词，故删除a。
3.考查固定短语。句意：放学后，学生们一个接一个地走出教室。固定短语：one after another“一个接着一个”，故other改为another。
4.考查定语从句。句意：他们没有留下口信就走了，这超出了我们的预料。分析句子可知，逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句的整个内容，所以此处应用关系代词which。故that改为which。
5.考查固定搭配。句意：众所周知，中国自然资源丰富。固定结构：as is well known“众所周知”，as此处为关系代词，指代后文主句“China is rich in natural resources”。故It改为As。
6.考查时态。句意：自从他离开这个城市后，我们就再也没见过他。短语：ever since“自……之后”，其后的从句为时间状语从句，时态为一般过去时。句中使用了现在完成时，所以此处应删除has。故删除has。
7.考查固定短语。句意：他给我们树立了一个好榜样，我们学校的老师和学生都很尊敬他。固定短语：think highly of“对……高度评价/赞扬”，结合句中提示，故high改为highly。
8.考查强调句型。句意：直到回到家詹妮弗才发现钥匙丢了。not until的强调句型为：It was/is not until + 被强调部分+ that+其它，去掉句中it was/is和that，其余句子重写还是完整的句子。分析可知，本句使用了not until的强调句型。本句重写后为“Jennifer didn't realize she had lost her keys until she got home.”句子结构完整，故when改为that。
9.考查定语从句。句意：一些学前儿童去日托中心，在那里他们学习简单的游戏和歌曲。分析可知，逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a day care center，在从句中作地点状语，所以定语从句的关系词要用where，故which改为where。
10.考查短语。句意：在他们看来，你犯了一个很大的错误。短语：in one's opinion“在某人看来”，opinion“观点，想法”为不可数名词，所以opinions改为opinion，故opinions改为opinion。
第三节 书面表达（满分25分）
66. 假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应新的生活和学习环境，想家，感到很焦虑。请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。要点如下：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰；
2. 提出三点建议并给出相应的理由；（例：了解中国文化，积极参加课外活动等。）
3. 给予鼓励。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Linda,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Linda,
Words cannot express how sorry I am to hear that you do not have a good study in China because you can not adapt to the new environment. Don’t worry! Here, I will offer you some tips.
In the first place, why not take the initiative in learning about Chinese culture By doing this, I believe that you will be able to fit in a foreign community soon. In addition, it would be of great benefit if you take an active part in some extra-curricular activities. That way, you can make new friends, which could make stress off your shoulder. Last but not the least, I strongly recommend that you should give a call to your parents when you are homesick and helpless since parents’ encouragement will always lift you up.
I sincerely hope that you will find my suggestions practical and wish you get rid of those troubles as soon as possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应新的生活和学习环境，想家，感到很焦虑。请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→tip/suggestion
表达：convey→express
能够：be capable of→be able to
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Don’t worry! Here, I will offer you some tips.
拓展句：Don’t worry because I will offer you some tips.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Words cannot express how sorry I am to hear that you do not have a good study in China because you can not adapt to the new environment. (运用了that引导宾语从句和because引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Last but not the least, I strongly recommend that you should give a call to your parents when you are homesick and helpless since parents’ encouragement will always lift you up. (运用了since引导原因状语从句)
