2022年中考英语二轮专题复习：句子成分课件(共48张PPT)

(共48张PPT)
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student
How beautiful the girl is !
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型.
句子包括哪些成分？
Nobody went.
She became a doctor.
The car caught fire.
I will write you a long letter.
I will let him go.
Practice

主 + 谓
主 + 谓 + 表
主 + 谓 + 宾
主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
主语（subject）:
句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history.
(数词)
Fishing is allowed.. （动名词）
The rich should help the poor.
名词化的形容词
1.Do exercise is good for your health.
2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.
V.不能做主语！
找出下面句子的主语
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you.
3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.
主语小测
单选：
1.Mary with her two daughters _____ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
2.____ more exercise does good to your health.
A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing
3.____ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday.
A. That B. This C. It D. They
谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
I love you!
They went to sleep very late last night.
He practises running every morning.
The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
How often do you go shopping
Why didn’t you come back last night
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
Open the door, please!
Go and get some water for me.
Don’t laugh at others!
Don’t come back late tonight.
祈使句：
1.省略主语you
2.谓语动词用原形
找出下列句子的谓语
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
③ Do you usually go to school by bus
⑤ Did the twins have eggs for their breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
⑦ He is interested in music.
⑧Whom did you give my book to
按要求找出下列句子的主谓：
1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓）
2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓）
3. Don’t get nervous，and help yourself to what you like． （主谓）
4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主谓）
5. There are many people in the hall.（主）
6. Would you please pass me the cup （主谓）
主谓小测
祈使句,省略主语you
1.It is difficult for me ______ so much work within one night. Can you help me
A. finish B. finishing
C. to finish D. finished
2.John with two of his friends ____ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon.
A. go B. went C. goes D.gone
单选：
It’s adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是……的
形式主语
真正的主语
to finish
3.__ up early, or you will miss the early bus.
A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets
4.________ up early is good for your health.
A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets
5.Wow! The cake tastes _______! Can I have one more
A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good
祈使句，谓语动词用原形
动名词做主语
感官动词+adj.
宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。
I like China.
He hates you.
How many do you need We need two
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you
I hope to see you again.
Did you write down what he said
He is afraid of her--his headteacher.
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
介词后面的宾语：介宾
注意：人称代词要用宾格
I decided to go with _______.
A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she
He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money.
间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：
双宾
I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday.
形式宾语
真正宾语
① My brother hasn’t done his homework.
　
② People all over the world speak English.
　
③ You must pay good attention to your job.
　　　　　　　
④ How many new words did you learn last class
　　　　　　　　
找出下列句子的宾语
5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
7.They made him monitor of the class.
8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
.
表语：
表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is believing.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，
1)表感官的动词:
2) 表转变变化的动词:
3)表延续的动词
feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
become, get, grow, turn, go,等
remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
宾语补足语
在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
Leave the door open.
We found John out when we arrived.
Make yourself at home.
The boss keeps them working all day.
挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
状语
状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．
He did it carefully.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语．
The black bike is mine.
What’s your name A broken vase.
I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.
They made paper flowers.
The boy in the room is Jack.
I have something to do.
It is a swimming pool.
有哪几种常见的句型结构？
英语句子的种类
简单句 (simple sentence)
并列句 (compound sentence)
复合句 (complex sentence)
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
Ⅰ.简单句
1. Things changed.
2. Trees are green.
3. We don’t beat children.
4. He gave his sister the piano.
5. I found the book easy.
主 + 谓
主 + 谓 + 表
主 + 谓 + 宾
主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
Nobody went.
She became a doctor.
The car caught fire.
I will write you a long letter.
I will let him go.
Practice

主 + 谓
主 + 谓 + 表
主 + 谓 + 宾
主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，
如：We come.
Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Tom gets up.
2. What happened
3. It does not matter.
4. They talked.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词
都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，
后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等，表情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表变化。
感官动词多可用作连系动词：look well/面色好, sound nice/听起来不错, feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ（表语）
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The food smells good.
3. Everything looks different.
4. He is tall and strong.
5. His face turned red.
基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ（宾语）
1. Who knows the answer
2. I saw a film yesterday.
3. He enjoys reading.
4. He said "Good morning."
5. He knows what he should do.
基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，eg：give/buy/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。
--Give me a cup of tea please.
--Show this house to Mr. Smith.
--Bring it to me, please.
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人） │ Ｏ（多指物）
She gave me a smile.
2. He brought you a dictionary.
3. I showed him my pictures.
4. I told him that the bus was late.
5. He showed me how to run the machine.
基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）
1. They painted the door green.
2. This let them think.
3. They found the house empty.
4. He asked me to come back soon.
5. I saw them getting on the bus.
a，Ｓ Ｖ b， Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ c，Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ
d，Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ e，Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ
1，Please tell us a story._______
2, She smiled.______
3. I have a lot work to do._____
4. His job is to train swimmers._____
5. He saw a man enter the room._____
6. Please look at the picture._____
d
a
e
b
e
c