外研版英语中考二轮语法专项——宾语从句与定语从句 知识梳理+实战演练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
外研版英语中考语法专项
宾语从句与定语从句
常见考点记忆导图
语法精讲
宾语从句
概念 在复合句中，用来充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式等后面都可以接宾语从句，要想真正掌握宾语从句的用法，必须把握三个关键点：引导词、语序、时态。
宾语从句的引导词 连接宾语从句的连词有that, whether与if。另外还有连接代词what, which, who, whom及连接副词when, where, how, why。1. 宾语从句是陈述句时，用连接词that引导，that在从句中只起引导作用，不作句子成分，没有词义，在口语中常常省略。如：He knew （that） he should study hard. 他知道他应该努力学习。2. 宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导，if和whether意为“是否”。如：He asked me if/whether he could come in. 他问我他能否进来。3. 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问句中的疑问词就是引导词。如：Can you tell me which class you are in 你能告诉我你在哪个班吗？
宾语从句的语序 宾语从句是疑问句时，要用陈述语序。1. 如果是由助动词do, does, did构成的疑问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要去掉这些助动词，从句中的谓语动词要根据主句的时态做出相应的变化。如：“Does he sing well ” the teacher asked him.→The teacher asked him whether/if he sang well.2. 如果是由be, have, will, can等助动词、连系动词、情态动词构成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，需要把这类词还原到句中原来谓语的位置上，同时根据主句的时态做相应的变化。如：She asked me, “Will you be free tomorrow ”→She asked me if I would be free tomorrow.
宾语从句的时态 1. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，宾语从句中谓语动词一般也要用过去的某种时态。如：①He asked when they would go to the party. 他问他们什么时候去参加聚会。②Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before. 格林小姐说她以前去过北京。2. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句限制，可根据情况选用合适的时态。如：①Do you know when we’ll have a football match 你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？②You know he has gone to Shanghai. 你知道他已经去上海了。3. 当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，都用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播的速度要快。注：Could you tell me... /Would you tell me... 等句式并不是表示过去时态，而是表示客气请求的语气，所以宾语从句不一定用过去时态，应用相应的某种时态。
宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的主语是第一人称I或we，且谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等时，宾语从句的否定式常常转移到主句上，即“否定前移”。如：①I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还没有完成工作。②I don’t think he can speak English. 我认为他不会讲英语。注：这种否定转移的宾语从句变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分的主语、谓语要与从句保持一致。如：I don’t think he is right, is he 我认为他不对，是吗？
定语从句
概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
用法 1. 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分。当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略；当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。如：The person （whom） you just spoke to isMr. Li. 刚刚跟你说话的人是李先生。2. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数要和先行词保持一致。如：The girl who is standing there is my sister. 站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。
引导词 1. who引导的定语从句：who在从句中作主语或宾语，修饰的是人。如：I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。2. whose引导的定语从句：whose在从句中作定语，可以指人，也可以指物。如：Do you know the girl whosefather is a teacher 你认识那位父亲是老师的女孩吗？3. which引导的定语从句：which在从句中作主语或作谓语动词和介词的宾语，只能指无生命的东西。如：The story （which） he told was very interesting. 他讲的故事很有趣。4. that引导的定语从句：that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。如：I love movies that are funny. 我喜欢滑稽的电影。
几种必须用that引导定语从句的情况 1. 先行词是不定代词something, nothing, anything等。如：I want to do something （that） I enjoy. 我想做点我喜欢的事。2. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰。如：The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten． 我永远不会忘记我学的第一件事。3. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, much, no, some等修饰。如：I have read all the books that you gave me． 我已经读完了你给我的所有书。4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等词修饰。如：This is the very pen that I am looking for． 这就是我在找的钢笔。5. 先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered． 他们聊了他们记得的人和事。6. 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。如：Who is the man that is talking to John 跟约翰说话的那个人是谁？7. 如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which，则另一个用that。如：Edison built a factory which producedthings that had never been seen． 爱迪生建了一座工厂来生产一些从来没有见过的东西。
只可用who和which引导定语从句的场合 1. 指人时，当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等时要用who，而不用that。如：Is there anyonewho can answer this question 有人能回答这个问题吗？2. 当先行词为that, this, those或these等时，指人时用who，指物时用which。如：①Those who hadn’t bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall. 那些还没买着火车票的人挤在候车厅里。②What’s that which is under the desk 书桌下面的那个是什么？
关系副词引导定语从句的具体用法 关系副词主要有表示时间的when，表示地点的where，表示原因的why。如：①October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。②This is the hotel where we stayed last year. 这是我们去年住过的旅馆。③The reason why I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday. 我写信给你的理由是想告诉你关于周六聚会的事。
实战演练
一、根据句意填入适当的引导词完成下列宾语从句
1. （宁波中考）When I finish, I know I’m going to do: I want to work for an international organization like the Red Cross.
2. —I’d like to visit Kate tomorrow. Do you know______________ she lives
—Sorry, I don’t know her address, either.
3. （杭州中考）Nobody knows______________ it will finish its journey. It might be longer than expected.
4. Until now they haven’t decided______________ they should build the railway or not.
5. What a nice paper fish!Can you show us______________ you make it
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The day we looked forward to______________ （come） at last.
2. If you don’t like the drink you______________（order）, just leave it and try a different one.
3. Tom asked if the earth______________ （go） around the sun.
4. I hear that Tom______________ （be） here for a week.
5. All the books I have______________ （list） here.
三、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. （湖州市南浔区模拟）The angry driver quickly jumped out of his car, caught the kid
______________ threw the brick（砖头） to his car.
2. I will never forget the day______________ we spent in the old town.
3. I will never forget the day______________ we met for the first time.
4. “Underground” is the only word in the English language______________ begins and ends with the letters “und”.
5. Rose doesn’t know what she and her friends can do to help the little boy______________ parents have left hometown for making money.
6. This is one of the most wonderful books_____________ I have ever read.
7. （杭州中考）Many more people could afford the books______________ were produced on a printing press.
8. Is this the place______________ your father once lived
9. He likes to read books______________ are written by foreign writers.
10. Those______________ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow.
参考答案
第36课 宾语从句与定语从句
实战演练
一、1. what 2. where 3. when 4. whether 5. how
二、1. came 【解析】句意为“我们期待的日子终于到来了”。we looked forward to是定语从句，修饰the day。
2. ordered 3. goes
4. has been
5. are listed 【解析】句意为“我拥有的所有书都被列在这儿了”。I have是定语从句，修饰books。
三、1. who/that 2. that/which 3. when 4. that 5. whose
6. that 7. that/which 8. where 9. that/which 10. who
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