2022届北京市昌平区高三上学期12月月考英语试卷
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分)
第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
During my second year in high school, I got sick and missed a few days. When I ___1___, I was greeted with two essays due, three days of math and history homework, plus several tests.
The next day at school, I got a rude awakening: I’d totally forgotten to prepare for the ___2___ on Romeo and Juliet, which I’d take over my lunch hour! Worse still, I had ___3___ the in-class discussion and all the notes. When lunch came, I went to the English room to face my certain doom (厄运).
As it turned out, I didn’t know the majority of the questions. I was just about to give in when my pencil accidentally fell and broke. Standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil, I ___4___ down and there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test! What good fortune! My heart started beating, and my brain ___5___, Yes! Read over the answers — quickly! This was quickly followed by another voice, No! You’ll get caught! My mind turning back and forth, Yes! No! Yes! No! …This went on for ten of the longest seconds in my entire life.
Finally, I decided to finish the test on my own, without ___6___! I was satisfied with my decision but pretty ___7___ I had failed the test.
The next day when I walked into the English room, I saw my test paper lying face down on my desk. I knew what awaited me. I stared at it a few seconds before I got up the nerve to turn it over.
You can only imagine my ___8___ when I learned that I had passed the test! I have never in my whole life been so happy to see my ___9___, a C-.
My mom says the victories that take the most courage are won within. Now I know ____10____ what she means. Now not only can my conscience (良心) rest easy, but I don’t have to worry about getting caught and meeting a sad ending like Romeo and Juliet.
1 A. returned B. finished C. appeared D. arrived
2. A. play B. test C. lecture D. essay
3. A. dropped B. missed C. lost D. carried
4. A. calmed B. wrote C. looked D. settled
5. A. whispered B. chanted C. persuaded D. warned
6. A. thinking B. suffering C. checking D. cheating
7. A. relieved B. regretful C. certain D. annoyed
8. A. fear B. anxiety C. shock D. appreciation
9. A. grade B. rate C. credit D. paper
10. A. seemingly B. willingly C. gradually D. exactly
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一次没有把握的考试中，恰好看到了试题的答案，在经过激烈的心理斗争后，还是诚实作答，最后意外通过的故事。作者很高兴，自己的良心得到了安心。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我回来时，迎接我的是两篇要交的论文，三天的数学和历史作业，以及几次考试。A. returned回来；B. finished完成；C. appeared出现；D. arrived到达。根据上文“I got sick and missed a few days.”及“I was greeted with two essays due, three days of math and history homework, plus several tests.”可知，作者生病了，回校时任务繁重。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天在学校，我猛然惊醒：我完全忘了准备《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的考试，我将要占用我的午餐时间！A. play戏剧；B. test测试；C. lecture讲座；D. essay论文。根据下文“the answer sheet for the test”可知，这是一场关于《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的测试。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我错过了课堂讨论和所有的笔记。A. dropped掉落；B. missed错过；C. lost丢失；D. carried携带。根据上文“During my second year in high school, I got sick and missed a few days.”和“Worse still”可知，因为生病请假几天，作者错过了课堂讨论和所有的笔记。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：站在黑板边削铅笔时，我低头一看，就看到了考试的答题纸！A. calmed使平静；D. wrote写；C. looked看；D. settled确定。根据上文“sharpening my pencil”及下文“there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test!”可知，作者削铅笔时，眼睛朝下看，看到了答案纸。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心开始跳动，我的大脑低声说：是的！快速阅读答案！A. whispered低语、耳语；B. chanted反复喊；C. persuaded劝说；D. warned警告。根据下文“Yes! Read over the answers—quickly!”可知，作者看到了答案纸，很兴奋，脑海对自己私语，让他去看答案。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我决定自己完成考试，不作弊！A. thinking思考；B. suffering遭受；C. checking检查；D. cheating作弊。根据上文“finish the test on my own”可知，作者没有作弊。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的决定很满意，但很肯定我考试不及格。A. relieved宽慰的；B. regretful后悔的；C. certain确定的；D. annoyed烦恼的。根据上文语境和下文“I had failed the test”可知，作者因病错过了几天有关测试内容的课，作者很确定自己考试会不及格。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象当我得知我通过考试时有多震惊！A. fear恐惧；B. anxiety焦虑；C. shock震惊；D. appreciation感激。根据上文“but pretty ___7___ I had failed the test.”及下文“when I learned that I had passed the test!”可知，作者因病错过了几天有关测试内容的课，作者很确定自己考试会不及格，所以当作者知道自己考试通过后，非常震惊。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我这辈子从来没有看到我的成绩（一个C-）这么高兴过。A. grade等级；B. rate比率；C. credit信用；D. paper论文。根据下文“a C-”可知，作者看到自己的考试成绩等级很高兴。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在我完全明白她的意思了。A. seemingly似乎；B. willingly愿意地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. exactly准确地。根据上文内容及“Now I know”可知，从这次经历中，作者准确理解了母亲的话。故选D项。
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题：每小题 15 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This novel was about an unbelievable but genuine adventure. Its author was a black businessman who ____11____(bring) up in America. In 1956, he visited his birthplace,Africa. He lost his money and passport,so he went to the embassy to seek help. But the ambassador ___12___ rude manners didn’t permit. ___13___(stare) at his impatient face, he understood it was the fault of his skin color.
【答案】11. was brought
12. with 13. Staring
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名黑人小说作者的真实经历。
【详解】1.考查动词时态和语态。句意：作者是一个在美国长大的黑人商人。分析句子可知，who引导定语从句，从句部分缺少谓语，主语who指代的先行词与bring up构成逻辑上的被动关系，且结合句意，句子为一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。
2.考查介词。句意：但无礼的大使不允许。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，与rude manners一起作the ambassador的后置定语，表示“带有”，用介词with。故填with。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：看着他那张不耐烦脸，他明白这是他肤色的错。分析句子，空处缺少stare的适当形式作句子的状语，he与stare构成逻辑上的主动关系，表示伴随，用现在分词。故填Staring。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Body langage and ___14___ (face) impressions have communication function. Once I went to the airport to meet an official from Columbia. After the flight arrived, I saw a man looking around ___15___ (curious). So I approached to greet him.He dashed to hug and kissed me. As a young girl, I felt ____16____ (embarrass) . Later, I receivey a cassette in ____17____ he recorded his apology.
【答案】14 facial
15. curiously
16. embarrassed
17. which
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，叙述了作者通过肢体语言进行交流的一次经历。
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：肢体语言和面部印象具有交际功能。分析句子可知，空处缺少形容词作定语，face脸，对应的形容词为facial（面部的）。故填：facial。
2.考查副词。句意：飞机到达后，我看见一个人好奇地四下张望。分析句子可知，空处缺少副词修饰look around作状语，curious好奇的，对应的副词为curiously（好奇地）。故填：curiously。
3.考查形容词。句意：作为一个年轻的女孩，我感到很尴尬。分析句子可知，felt后缺少形容词作表语，表示人的感受，用embarrassed。故填：embarrassed。
4.考查定语从句。句意：后来，我收到了一盒他道歉的录音带。根据句意可知，本句为限制性定语从句，先行词a cassette作从句中in的宾语，指代物，用关系代词which。故填：which。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As ___18___ child growing up in England, James Reynolds was always excited by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes, Reynolds travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth’s most extreme weather events. It is a ____19____(danger) job though. He has almost been hit by flying window frames twice in the past 18 ____20____(month).
【答案】18. a 19. dangerous
20. months
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了James Reynolds的职业信息和相关经历。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：作为一个在英国长大的孩子，詹姆斯·雷诺兹总是对雷雨感到兴奋。根据句意可知，表示“一个孩子”，为泛指，child以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.考查形容词。句意：但这是一项危险的工作。分析句子可知，空处缺少形容词作定语修饰job，名词danger (危险)，对应的形容词为dangerous。故填dangerous。
3.考查名词。句意：在过去的18个月里，他两次差点被飞出的窗框击中。month月份，可数名词，数词18后搭配可数名词复数。故填months。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The Metropolis Book Club
Membership
All you need to do is fill out the order form at the bottom of the page, select your first order from our book list and then post the completed form back to us.
Special offers for new members
As a special offer, you may choose any reduced-price books from our new members’ book list, to the value of 100 yuan in total. Tick the box on your form to order a free watch. Join before the end of this month and you receive another free book carefully chosen by our staff. Order an audio-book from the many on offer, at half the recommended retail price.
When you’ve joined
As a member you get around 50% off the publisher’s price of every book you buy, and what’s more, they come straight to your door. Your free club magazine arrives once a month to keep you up to date with the latest best-sellers we’ve added to our list. On the Internet, you can find all our titles for the year at our exclusive members’ website. Our website also has a book swap service where members can request or offer books for exchange.
Being a member
All you have to do is order four books during your first year. After that, you can decide on the number of books you wish to take. In each of your monthly club magazines, our experienced staff choose a “Book of the Month” for you, which is offered at an extra-special price. If you do not want this book, just say so in the space provided on the form and send it back to us. We always send the book if we do not receive this form.
Once we receive your order your books are delivered within one week. And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. If they aren’t what you expected just send them back!
21. How can you become a member of the Metropolis Book Club
A. By ordering a watch free of charge.
B. By sending the advertisement to the club.
C. By returning the completed order form
D. By choosing books with special prices.
22. What information does the monthly magazine give members
A. The percentage saved on each book.
B. The names of all the books sold by the club.
C. The list of the newest books available to buy.
D. The books that can be swapped by club members.
23. What can we infer from the last part of the passage
A. At least four books should be bought each year.
B. Members need to buy the “Book of the Month”.
C. The more books bought, the higher the member’s grade.
D. Members can look at the books before they buy them.
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一则广告，主要介绍了如何成为网站会员以及成为会员的优惠措施等信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“All you need to do is fill out the order form at the bottom of the page, select your first order from our book list and then post the completed form back to us.”可知要想成为会员，只需要填好表格并把表格寄回即可。故C项正确。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Your free club magazine arrives once a month to keep you up to date with the latest best-sellers we’ve added to our list.”可知每月杂志都给会员提供最近的畅销书的名单，以供会员购买。故C项正确。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后两句“And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. If they aren’t what you expected just end them back!”可知会员对于所订购的书不满意，他们可以退回。如果满意则可以付钱。说明会员在购买之前是可以看到订购的书的。故D项正确。
B
A Teenage Inventor
The world could be one step closer to quick and inexpensive Ebola detection thanks to a teenager from Connecticut.
Olivia Hallisey, a junior at Greenwich High School, was awarded $50,000 in the Google Science Fair for her new method that detects Ebola, a virus that causes bleeding from different parts of the body and usually causes death. Olivia’s method is to ask patients to put their saliva (唾液) onto a testing card. The card changes color if the person is catching Ebloa. Present Ebloa tests take up to 12 hours and cost $1,000. Olivia’s method, however, can be done just in 30 minutes for about $25. Besides, the sample (样本) doesn’t have to be put in a refrigerator thanks to the silk material Olivia uses to produce the testing cards.
Olivia was inspired to deal with this global problem after watching the news that more than 10,000 people died from Ebola in West Africa. She was particularly worried about the fact that, while the acts of involvement can improve survival rates, present detection methods are costly, time-consuming and require complex tools. Olivia got help from her science research teacher. She drew out directions from past research, and figured out detection systems that have proven to work with other diseases, including Lyme disease and yellow fever.
“What affects one country affects everyone,”Olivia told CNBC. “We have to work together to find answers to the huge challenges which cause harm to the global health.” The Connecticut’s teen, who hopes to become a doctor one day, was named the Google Science Fair winner in the competition of 20 competitors from across the globe. The fair is open to young people between the ages of 13 and 18 in most countries.
Olivia hopes her success will inspire other girls interested in science and computers. “I would just encourage girls to try it in the beginning, and remind them that they don’t have to feel naturally drawn or feel like they have a special talent for maths or science,” she told CNBC, “but just really look at something they are interested in and then think how to improve something or make it more enjoyable or relate it to their interests.”
24. According to the passage, present Ebola detection methods______.
A. require samples to be kept in refrigerators
B. must use a large amount of samples
C. may detect other deadly viruses as well
D. have proven to be ineffective in practice
25. What does the underlined word “drawn” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Admitted. B. Controlled. C. Attracted. D. Exposed.
26. The Google Science Fair is intended for______.
A. inventors B. students C. doctors D. scientists
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名青少年发明家，多亏了这位来自Connecticut的少年，世界距离快速廉价的Ebola检测又近了一步。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Besides, the sample doesn’t have to be put in a refrigerator thanks to the silk material Olivia uses to produce the testing cards.”（此外，由于Olivia制作测试卡所用的丝绸材料，样品不需要放在冰箱里。）可知，目前的埃博拉病毒检测方法需要将样本放在冰箱里。故选A项。
2.词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段关键句“I would just encourage girls to try it in the beginning, and remind them that they don’t have to feel naturally drawn or feel like they have a special talent for maths or science, ”（我只是鼓励女孩们一开始就尝试一下，并提醒她们，她们不必觉得自己天生drawn，也不必觉得自己在数学或科学方面有特殊天赋）可知，Olivia希望女孩们可以尝试下科学和电脑，并不需要觉得自己天生被吸引或者在数学或科学方面有天赋，drawn与attracted同义。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Olivia Hallisey, a junior at Greenwich High School, was awarded $50,000 in the Google Science Fair for her new method that detects Ebola”（奥利维亚·哈利西是格林威治高中的一名学生，她的新的检测埃博拉病毒方法，在谷歌科学博览会上获得了5万美元的奖金。）及倒数第二段关键句 “The fair is open to young people between the ages of 13 and 18 in most countries.”（在大多数国家，博览会对13至18岁的年轻人开放。）可知，谷歌科学博览会是为了学生们而设立的。故选B项。
C
You have everything you think you need for your dream job, but could something else be holding you back You possess hard skills for the job, but you may lack soft skills.
Hard skills are things that are measurable and technical. A master's degree in business is a hard skill. The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill. Many specific qualifications for a job are hard skills, such as years of work experience or proficiency(精通)with particular computer prograns
On the other hand, soft skills are harder to define.And they can't be defined. And they can't be measured. Soft skills covers a wide range of characteristics that you can work on for a lifetime but some of the most common and most necessary for success-include being a good listener and speaker, a wise leader,a problem solver, a strong communicator or a team player. It's also helpful if you can accept feedback, settle conflicts with others, deal with difficult people or be flexible. These soft skills are what many employers desire.
Soft skills benefit you in many ways. Being a good listener, for example, is very helpful if you're a doctor.Being flexible,a team player and a problem solver help you succeed when dealing with deadlines.
Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to success. Being able to show you possess them could make a difference in landing a job you'll love, or being more successful in the job you already have. They make the difference between someone who is just OK at their job and someone who is outstanding, the person you always want on your team. In general, soft skills make you more likable and more competent.
Soft skills are what can set people apart from one another, but soft skills don’t come naturally.
27. What is the best title for the passage
A. Hard Skills Differ from Soft Skills.
B. Soft Skills Can Be learnt at School.
C. Soft Skills Needed in Workplace
D. Soft Skills matter to Your Success at Work.
28. Which of the following belongs to hard skills
A. Being expert in English.
B. Being able to solve problems.
C. Being good at expressing oneself.
D. Being skillful at communicating.
29. Accoding to the passage, soft skills_______.
A. are certain inborn qualities
B. help one stand out from the others
C. are more difficult to gain than hard skills
D. attract the employers more easily than hard skills
30. What will the author most probably talk about afterwards
A. Why soft skills are important.
B. What skills belong to soft skills.
C. How soft skills are developed.
D. Where soft skills are mostly used.
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了工作中软技能的内涵及益处，强调了软技能的重要性。
【详解】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第四段关键句“Soft skills benefit you in many ways.”（软技能在很多方面都能让你受益。）及第五段关键句“Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to success. ”（软技能帮助特定的人获得成功的额外技能。）并结合全文内容可知，文章通过描述硬技能，引出软技能话题，且强调了软技能在一个人工作中的重要性，“Soft Skills matter to Your Success at Work.”（软技能对你的工作成功至关重要。）作为本文标题，符合主旨。故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Hard skills are things that are measurable and technical.”（硬技能是指可衡量的和技术性的东西。）及“The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill.”（会说西班牙语是一项硬技能。）可以推测，精通英语是一项硬技能。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“They make the difference between someone who is just OK at their job and someone who is outstanding, the person you always want on your team.”（他们对在工作中表现平平的人和你永远希望他加入你的团队的杰出之人作出区分。）可知，软技能帮助一个人脱颖而出。故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Soft skills are what can set people apart from one another, but soft skills don’t come naturally.”（软技能可以让人与众不同，但软技能不是天生的。）可知，下文应介绍如何获得、培养软技能。故选C项。
D
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity....Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
31. People volunteer mainly out of __________.
A. academic requirements B. social expectations
C. financial rewards D. internal needs
32. What can we learn from the Florida study
A. Follow-up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C. Strategy training is a must in research. D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
33. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work
A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.
34. What is the best title of the passage
A. How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【分析】试题分析：本文讲述了志愿者为什么自发去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。
【31题详解】
D细节理解题。结合第二段第三句是“…people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．”可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。故正确答案为D。
【32题详解】
B 推理判断题。结合第四段最后一句“The researchers note that attention should be given to ‘training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience．’”可知，这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备，要给他们提供应对问题的策略，即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。故正确答案为B。
【33题详解】
C 细节理解题。结合最后一段第二句“It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．”可知，激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。故正确答案为C。
【34题详解】
A 主旨大意题。结合文章第一段“Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities．To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。故正确答案为A。
【名师点拨】
抓主线，概括中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。比如第31小题A主旨大意题。结合文章第一段“Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities．To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。故正确答案为A。
考点：考查议论文阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is a person’s subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self-esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as “I’m a failure,” and “I’m beautiful”) as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self-fulfilled we will be.When we don’t believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. ___35___
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift that you are given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways that adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved. ___36___They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.
____37____ As children, many of these people were criticized harshly, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given little to no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also were made to feel that in order to be appreciated they needed to be perfect. ___38___ There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something tangible. Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. ___39___ So if you struggle to reach out for assistance it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
People with high self-esteem are better equipped at achieving their life goals because they have faith in themselves. They face failure too but they understand that failure or success doesn’t define them. Having high self-esteem allows you to accept yourself for who you are. Flaws and strengths, you know that these make up the essence of who you are.
Why you should work on your self-esteem
Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform in various areas of our lives, it is important to work on it. To build better relationships, careers, and health and achieve goals, you need to first understand that you are worthy of all those things.
That understanding comes from building high self-esteem. If you had a terrible childhood, it doesn’t mean you are doomed. You just have to work a little harder to build high self-esteem and it is possible. However, it isn’t easy.
There are many resources out there that can help you with simple exercises that you can do on a daily basis to achieve this. If you are struggling in many areas of your life, take a step back and evaluate the relationship you have with yourself.
How do you talk to yourself How do you treat yourself What do you think of yourself Do you feel worthy of receiving good in your life or do you feel bad about the good things that happen to you If you find yourself experiencing something good and you tell yourself “I don’t deserve this” or “I didn’t work hard enough for this,” you may have low self-esteem. And when you have that kind of negative self-talk, you self-sabotage.
A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
B. When we start to doubt what’s important in life, we tend to do less of it.
C. Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.
D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.
E. This creates an image in the mind that without accomplishment you are worthless.
F. They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn’t define them.
G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help from and support from the people around you when you need it.
【答案】35. B 36. A 37. D 38. E 39. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对于高自尊和低自尊人进行了对比和说明，并探究了自尊高低背后的原因及具体的表现，同时介绍了提高自尊心的方法。
【详解】1.根据前文“When we don’t believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer.”（我们不相信自己值得拥有这些东西时，我们享受它们的能力就会受到影响。）可知，此处表明我们对于人生和自己产生怀疑时，会有不好的影响；B选项“When we start to doubt what’s important in life, we tend to do less of it.”（当我们开始怀疑生活中什么是重要的，我们往往会做得更少。）切合前文语境，且和前一句句式相同。故选B项。
2.本段描述高自尊成年人在童年时获得的支持。根据上文“There are so many ways that adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved. ”（有很多方式可以让高自尊成年人从小就得到支持，从而使他们具有高度自尊。例如，他们因所取得的成就而受到表扬。）和空后“They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers. ”（他们可能会感受到爱，并得到足够的关注。也有可能他们在学习或体育方面很优秀，并因此受到同龄人的钦佩。） 可知，此处表示让高自尊成年人被有敬意地对待的方式；A选项“There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.”（也有很大可能，人们同他们说话很恭敬。）为其中一种方式的例子，符合此处语境。故选A项。
3.观察本段内容，结合最后一句“In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.”（在某些情况下，缺乏自尊的成年人常常因为自己的缺点而被嘲笑或被同龄人欺负。）可知，本段描述缺乏自尊的成年人童年时所受的影响；D选项 “People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.”（另一方面，自尊心较差的人往往经历相反的情况。）与上一段内容构成对比，引起下文，符合语境。故选D项。
4.空前一句“It is common that these adults also were made to feel that in order to be appreciated they needed to be perfect.”（很常见的是，这些成年人也觉得，为了得到赞赏，他们需要变得完美。）描述人们为了被欣赏追求完美；空后一句“There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something tangible.”（有些人痴迷于他们的职业或爱好，因为在他们的头脑中，他们需要把自己的价值与有形的东西联系起来。）描述追求完美的人的行为特点；E选项“This creates an image in the mind that without accomplishment you are worthless.”（这会在你的脑海中形成这样一种印象：没有成就你就一文不值。）中This指代前一句内容，且本句点出下一句行为的原因，承上启下。故选E项。
5.根据空后“So if you struggle to reach out for assistance it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.”（所以，如果你努力寻求帮助，这可能是源于你的低自尊。）可知，自尊心高的人不会纠结于是否需要寻求帮助；G选项“High self-esteem enables you to ask for help from and support from the people around you when you need it.”（高自尊能让你在需要的时候向周围的人寻求帮助和支持。）点明下一句现象的原因，切合语境。故选G项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For years, Jane Booth’s mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane ’s intervention not only helped her mother—it also helped their relationship.
You may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don’t know well.
The problems start when complaining becomes the default mode(默认模式). “When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.”
So how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his
Change the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them.
Summarize the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you demonstrate that you’re listening.
Challenge the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest problem, ask nicely what he’s done to improve it.
Be honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the conversation short—especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.
When someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it’s important to talk about the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
40. What did Jane Booth do to stop her mother complaining
41. According to Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs about complaining
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
●Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
43. Your friend has been constantly complaining about almost everything in life. What would you do to help him (about 40 words)
【答案】40. She spoke up about the problem.
41. Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate. And complaining always has a negative impact.
42. Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
According to the passage, complaining frequently is a way that people ask for attention from others.
43. 言之有理即可
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章纠正人们对抱怨的误解，介绍了让老是抱怨的人安静下来的方法。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained.（事情变得如此糟糕，以至于简觉得这破坏了他们在一起的时间质量，所以她终于说了出来，并帮助她的母亲意识到她是多么频繁地抱怨。）”可知，简·布斯把问题说出来让她妈妈不再抱怨，故答案为She spoke up about the problem.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact.（为了提高效率，首先要纠正人们对抱怨的误解。事实上，即使是最善良、最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。）”可知，关于抱怨的误解是认为那些抱怨的人通常是不友善或不体谅别人的且抱怨总是有负面影响。故答案为Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate. And complaining always has a negative impact.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.（当我们需要别人倾听我们的声音时，我们会重复自己的话。经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注，所以他们从不满足于任何解决问题的建议。他们强调，解决问题不是他们的目标。）”可知，经常抱怨是人们寻求他人关注的一种方式，并不是为自己的问题寻求建议，故答案为Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
According to the passage, complaining frequently is a way that people ask for attention from others.
【43题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“Change the subject.（改变话题。）”第六段“Summarize the complaint.（总结了投诉。）”第七段“Challenge the person to act.（挑战那个人去行动。）”第八段“Be honest.（要诚实。）”第九段“it’s important to talk about the problem.（谈论这个问题是很重要的。）”以及最后一段“Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.（记住:让老是抱怨的人安静下来对你们俩都有好处。）”可以根据文章中给出的方法来劝导朋友，言之有理即可。
第二节 （20分）
44. 假定你是李华，近日收到好友Jim的一封求助信。Jim在信中讲述了自己的困惑：最近和同学关系不好，使正常的生活的学习受到了影响。请你用英文写一份回信。
内容要点如下：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰。
2. 提出建议并说明理由。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you are in a bad mood because you are unable to get along with your classmates. I really understand how you feel at the moment. So I’d like to share with you some ways to deal with such situations.
First of all, try to choose topics that your classmates are fond of and build an interesting conversation. Anyone with a sense of humor will be welcomed. Then, it’s advisable to take part in activities where you can have a better communication with them. Besides, when misunderstandings occur, you should be the first to break the ice, which helps keep a long-term friendship.
I hope my advice will be of help and you will get on well with your classmates!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Jim写一封信，就对方提出的在学校和同学关系不好的现象表示理解并给予安慰，同时给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
处理：deal with→cope with
首先：First of all→To begin with
参加：take part in→participate in
保持：keep→maintain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Anyone with a sense of humor will be welcomed.
拓展句： Anyone who has a sense of humor will be welcomed.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that you are in a bad mood because you are unable to get along with your classmates.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和because引导的原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】Besides, when misunderstandings occur, you should be the first to break the ice, which helps keep a long-term friendship. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)北京市昌平区第一中学
2021-2022学年度第一学期高三年级12月月考英语试卷
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分)
第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
During my second year in high school, I got sick and missed a few days. When I ___1___, I was greeted with two essays due, three days of math and history homework, plus several tests.
The next day at school, I got a rude awakening: I’d totally forgotten to prepare for the ___2___ on Romeo and Juliet, which I’d take over my lunch hour! Worse still, I had ___3___ the in-class discussion and all the notes. When lunch came, I went to the English room to face my certain doom (厄运).
As it turned out, I didn’t know the majority of the questions. I was just about to give in when my pencil accidentally fell and broke. Standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil, I ___4___ down and there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test! What good fortune! My heart started beating, and my brain ___5___, Yes! Read over the answers — quickly! This was quickly followed by another voice, No! You’ll get caught! My mind turning back and forth, Yes! No! Yes! No! …This went on for ten of the longest seconds in my entire life.
Finally, I decided to finish the test on my own, without ___6___! I was satisfied with my decision but pretty ___7___ I had failed the test.
The next day when I walked into the English room, I saw my test paper lying face down on my desk. I knew what awaited me. I stared at it a few seconds before I got up the nerve to turn it over.
You can only imagine my ___8___ when I learned that I had passed the test! I have never in my whole life been so happy to see my ___9___, a C-.
My mom says the victories that take the most courage are won within. Now I know ____10____ what she means. Now not only can my conscience (良心) rest easy, but I don’t have to worry about getting caught and meeting a sad ending like Romeo and Juliet.
1. A. returned B. finished C. appeared D. arrived
2. A. play B. test C. lecture D. essay
3. A. dropped B. missed C. lost D. carried
4. A. calmed B. wrote C. looked D. settled
5. A. whispered B. chanted C. persuaded D. warned
6. A. thinking B. suffering C. checking D. cheating
7. A. relieved B. regretful C. certain D. annoyed
8. A. fear B. anxiety C. shock D. appreciation
9. A. grade B. rate C. credit D. paper
10. A. seemingly B. willingly C. gradually D. exactly
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题：每小题 15 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This novel was about an unbelievable but genuine adventure. Its author was a black businessman who ____11____(bring) up in America. In 1956, he visited his birthplace,Africa. He lost his money and passport,so he went to the embassy to seek help. But the ambassador ___12___ rude manners didn’t permit. ___13___(stare) at his impatient face, he understood it was the fault of his skin color.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Body langage and ___14___ (face) impressions have communication function. Once I went to the airport to meet an official from Columbia. After the flight arrived, I saw a man looking around ___15___ (curious). So I approached to greet him.He dashed to hug and kissed me. As a young girl, I felt ____16____ (embarrass) . Later, I receivey a cassette in ____17____ he recorded his apology.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As ___18___ child growing up in England, James Reynolds was always excited by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes, Reynolds travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth’s most extreme weather events. It is a ____19____(danger) job though. He has almost been hit by flying window frames twice in the past 18 ____20____(month).
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The Metropolis Book Club
Membership
All you need to do is fill out the order form at the bottom of the page, select your first order from our book list and then post the completed form back to us.
Special offers for new members
As a special offer, you may choose any reduced-price books from our new members’ book list, to the value of 100 yuan in total. Tick the box on your form to order a free watch. Join before the end of this month and you receive another free book carefully chosen by our staff. Order an audio-book from the many on offer, at half the recommended retail price.
When you’ve joined
As a member you get around 50% off the publisher’s price of every book you buy, and what’s more, they come straight to your door. Your free club magazine arrives once a month to keep you up to date with the latest best-sellers we’ve added to our list. On the Internet, you can find all our titles for the year at our exclusive members’ website. Our website also has a book swap service where members can request or offer books for exchange.
Being a member
All you have to do is order four books during your first year. After that, you can decide on the number of books you wish to take. In each of your monthly club magazines, our experienced staff choose a “Book of the Month” for you, which is offered at an extra-special price. If you do not want this book, just say so in the space provided on the form and send it back to us. We always send the book if we do not receive this form.
Once we receive your order, your books are delivered within one week. And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. If they aren’t what you expected just send them back!
21. How can you become a member of the Metropolis Book Club
A. By ordering a watch free of charge.
B. By sending the advertisement to the club.
C. By returning the completed order form
D. By choosing books with special prices.
22. What information does the monthly magazine give members
A. The percentage saved on each book.
B. The names of all the books sold by the club.
C. The list of the newest books available to buy.
D. The books that can be swapped by club members.
23. What can we infer from the last part of the passage
A. At least four books should be bought each year.
B. Members need to buy the “Book of the Month”.
C. The more books bought, the higher the member’s grade.
D. Members can look at the books before they buy them.
B
A Teenage Inventor
The world could be one step closer to quick and inexpensive Ebola detection thanks to a teenager from Connecticut.
Olivia Hallisey, a junior at Greenwich High School, was awarded $50,000 in the Google Science Fair for her new method that detects Ebola, a virus that causes bleeding from different parts of the body and usually causes death. Olivia’s method is to ask patients to put their saliva (唾液) onto a testing card. The card changes color if the person is catching Ebloa. Present Ebloa tests take up to 12 hours and cost $1,000. Olivia’s method, however, can be done just in 30 minutes for about $25. Besides, the sample (样本) doesn’t have to be put in a refrigerator thanks to the silk material Olivia uses to produce the testing cards.
Olivia was inspired to deal with this global problem after watching the news that more than 10,000 people died from Ebola in West Africa. She was particularly worried about the fact that, while the acts of involvement can improve survival rates, present detection methods are costly, time-consuming and require complex tools. Olivia got help from her science research teacher. She drew out directions from past research, and figured out detection systems that have proven to work with other diseases, including Lyme disease and yellow fever.
“What affects one country affects everyone,”Olivia told CNBC. “We have to work together to find answers to the huge challenges which cause harm to the global health.” The Connecticut’s teen, who hopes to become a doctor one day, was named the Google Science Fair winner in the competition of 20 competitors from across the globe. The fair is open to young people between the ages of 13 and 18 in most countries.
Olivia hopes her success will inspire other girls interested in science and computers. “I would just encourage girls to try it in the beginning, and remind them that they don’t have to feel naturally drawn or feel like they have a special talent for maths or science,” she told CNBC, “but just really look at something they are interested in and then think how to improve something or make it more enjoyable or relate it to their interests.”
24. According to the passage, present Ebola detection methods______.
A. require samples to be kept in refrigerators
B. must use a large amount of samples
C. may detect other deadly viruses as well
D. have proven to be ineffective in practice
25. What does the underlined word “drawn” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Admitted. B. Controlled. C. Attracted. D. Exposed.
26. The Google Science Fair is intended for______.
A. inventors B. students C. doctors D. scientists
C
You have everything you think you need for your dream job, but could something else be holding you back You possess hard skills for the job, but you may lack soft skills.
Hard skills are things that are measurable and technical. A master's degree in business is a hard skill. The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill. Many specific qualifications for a job are hard skills, such as years of work experience or proficiency(精通)with particular computer prograns
On the other hand, soft skills are harder to define.And they can't be defined. And they can't be measured. Soft skills covers a wide range of characteristics that you can work on for a lifetime but some of the most common and most necessary for success-include being a good listener and speaker, a wise leader,a problem solver, a strong communicator or a team player. It's also helpful if you can accept feedback, settle conflicts with others, deal with difficult people or be flexible. These soft skills are what many employers desire.
Soft skills benefit you in many ways. Being a good listener, for example, is very helpful if you're a doctor.Being flexible,a team player and a problem solver help you succeed when dealing with deadlines.
Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to success. Being able to show you possess them could make a difference in landing a job you'll love, or being more successful in the job you already have. They make the difference between someone who is just OK at their job and someone who is outstanding, the person you always want on your team. In general, soft skills make you more likable and more competent.
Soft skills are what can set people apart from one another, but soft skills don’t come naturally.
27. What is the best title for the passage
A. Hard Skills Differ from Soft Skills.
B. Soft Skills Can Be learnt at School.
C. Soft Skills Needed in Workplace
D. Soft Skills matter to Your Success at Work.
28. Which of the following belongs to hard skills
A. Being expert in English.
B Being able to solve problems.
C. Being good at expressing oneself.
D. Being skillful at communicating.
29. Accoding to the passage, soft skills_______.
A. are certain inborn qualities
B. help one stand out from the others
C. are more difficult to gain than hard skills
D. attract the employers more easily than hard skills
30. What will the author most probably talk about afterwards
A. Why soft skills are important.
B. What skills belong to soft skills.
C. How soft skills are developed.
D. Where soft skills are mostly used.
D
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity....Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
31. People volunteer mainly out of __________.
A. academic requirements B. social expectations
C. financial rewards D. internal needs
32. What can we learn from the Florida study
A. Follow-up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C. Strategy training is a must in research. D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
33. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work
A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.
34. What is the best title of the passage
A How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is a person’s subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self-esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as “I’m a failure,” and “I’m beautiful”) as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self-fulfilled we will be.When we don’t believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. ___35___
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift that you are given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways that adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved. ___36___They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.
____37____ As children, many of these people were criticized harshly, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given little to no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also were made to feel that in order to be appreciated they needed to be perfect. ___38___ There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something tangible. Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. ___39___ So if you struggle to reach out for assistance it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
People with high self-esteem are better equipped at achieving their life goals because they have faith in themselves. They face failure too but they understand that failure or success doesn’t define them. Having high self-esteem allows you to accept yourself for who you are. Flaws and strengths, you know that these make up the essence of who you are.
Why you should work on your self-esteem
Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform in various areas of our lives, it is important to work on it. To build better relationships, careers, and health and achieve goals, you need to first understand that you are worthy of all those things.
That understanding comes from building high self-esteem. If you had a terrible childhood, it doesn’t mean you are doomed. You just have to work a little harder to build high self-esteem and it is possible. However, it isn’t easy.
There are many resources out there that can help you with simple exercises that you can do on a daily basis to achieve this. If you are struggling in many areas of your life, take a step back and evaluate the relationship you have with yourself.
How do you talk to yourself How do you treat yourself What do you think of yourself Do you feel worthy of receiving good in your life or do you feel bad about the good things that happen to you If you find yourself experiencing something good and you tell yourself “I don’t deserve this” or “I didn’t work hard enough for this,” you may have low self-esteem. And when you have that kind of negative self-talk, you self-sabotage.
A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
B. When we start to doubt what’s important in life, we tend to do less of it.
C. Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.
D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.
E. This creates an image in the mind that without accomplishment you are worthless.
F. They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn’t define them.
G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help from and support from the people around you when you need it.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For years, Jane Booth’s mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane ’s intervention not only helped her mother—it also helped their relationship.
You may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don’t know well.
The problems start when complaining becomes the default mode(默认模式). “When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.”
So, how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his
Change the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them.
Summarize the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you demonstrate that you’re listening.
Challenge the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest problem, ask nicely what he’s done to improve it.
Be honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the conversation short—especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.
When someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it’s important to talk about the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
40. What did Jane Booth do to stop her mother complaining
41. According to Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs about complaining
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
●Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
43. Your friend has been constantly complaining about almost everything in life. What would you do to help him (about 40 words)
第二节 （20分）
44. 假定你是李华，近日收到好友Jim的一封求助信。Jim在信中讲述了自己的困惑：最近和同学关系不好，使正常的生活的学习受到了影响。请你用英文写一份回信。
内容要点如下：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰。
2. 提出建议并说明理由。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
