北京市朝阳区2021～2022学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语试卷
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The ___2___ had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. ___3___, but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to ___4___ themselves, Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran ___5___ and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She ___6___ Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I ___7___ my CPR certificate yesterday.”
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No ___8___. And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had ___9___!
Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t ____10____,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.”
1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed
2. A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity
3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed
4 A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect
5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside
6 A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged
7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided
8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception
9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked
10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wang Yaping, the Chinese female astronaut onboard Shenzhou 13, entered the Tiangong space station, ___11___ name means Heavenly Palace, on October 16. She is the first female astronaut ___12___ (visit) China’s space station and carry out extravehicular activities. Born in Yantai, Wang became the second female astronaut in spaceflight. During this mission, Wang, as one of the crew ___13___ (member), will stay in orbit for six months, setting a new record for China’s manned space mission duration.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhaobi, or screen walls, have a long and storied history. Zhaobi can be found outside the entrance of buildings, and in their earliest form, they ___14___ (build) for only the highest members of society to show their social status (地位) and protect privacy. It was believed ___15___ zhaobi would also act as the spiritual protection. Then they became an ___16___ (importance) form of artistic expression, representing good fortune appearing on the walls. Nowadays, zhaobi are still how they looked in the distant past. By evolving (演变) their function, these walls ___17___ (witness) China’s development, giving us a snapshot of life at a particular time in history.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A new study ___18___ (conduct) at the University of Kansas suggests that added sugars can cause some processes tied to depressive illness. The researchers found that inflammation (炎症) is the key effect of dietary sugar related to mental health. High sugar consumption could result in a perfect storm, negatively ___19___ (affect) the body and brain. “Many people ___20___ depression have high levels of systemic inflammation, which can directly push the brain into a severe depression. And added sugars stimulate this process,” said Stephen Ilardi.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In our hyper-connected world, information is being collected and shared every nanosecond. The problem is that your personal information might be used against you in the future in ways you can’t imagine today. So what do you have to worry about, and what can you do to protect yourself
If you’re worried about your personal information getting lifted...
Don’t hand over your name, address, phone number, or email address unless the receiver really needs it. If pressed, you can always make something up. Opt a paper receipt or no receipt rather than getting one via text or email, which requires sharing your information and exposes you to possible data loss.
If you prefer that your Internet searches stay private...
Browse (浏览) with Firefox. Its privacy controls are stronger than other big-name browsers. Or use DuckDuckGo, and alternate service you can easily set as your default (默认) search partner at .
If you’re worried about your phone acting as a tracker...
Turn off Location Services for all apps except maps and others that specifically need to know where you are. You can do this in Settings, under Privacy and Location.
If you want companies to stop trying to sell you things...
Stop ads from tracking you by opting out of information collecting. The website is a good place to start. You can also add your phone number to the National Do Not Call Registry at 1-888-382-1222 or donotcall.gov.
If you’re worried about being tagged (标记) in photos on social media...
Tell friends you don’t want to be tagged, and opt out of being automatically tagged in other people’s Facebook photos by going to Settings, then Face Recognition.
Always keep in mind that Internet is not a private place and your privacy is not just about freedom from embarrassment. Although you can’t prevent all Internet spying, you can minimize some unwanted spying by taking these steps.
21. Which of the following will most possibly reveal your personal information
A. Looking for information with Firefox.
B. Receiving a receipt through text messages.
C. Switching off Location Services in Settings.
D. Giving your address to the receiver who needs it.
22. If you don’t want to be disturbed by ads, you can ________.
A. avoid using
B. refuse a call from 1-888-382-1222
C. delete your history from DuckDuckGo
D. register your phone number at donotcall.gov
23. The passage is intended to ________.
A. give advice B. introduce websites
C. show worries D. explain social media
B
Cards from Reese
When 9-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her home in Fresno County, California, in Creek Fire, one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball cards
No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm’s worth of horses to evacuate (疏散) the family forgot the cards in a hurry to leave. Naturally, the faithful San Francisco Giants fan and Little League baseball player was upset. When she watched the Giants on TV, she would lay out each player’s card on the floor in his corresponding field position. “I like baseball cards because they are pictures of people doing happy stuff—doing what they love, and what I love,” says Reese.
Reese’s loss touched the hearts of the Fresno County fire department, which posted her story on its Facebook page. They put out a call for people to help Reese rebuild her baseball card collection. Among those to respond was Kevin Ashford of San Jose, who knew exactly where Reese could find replacement cards: in his garage. He had more than 25,000 in his collection, which is worth about $50,000. Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire department’s post. “I wasn’t really doing anything with them,” says Ashford. “I thought I could take care of this problem rather quickly.”
First responders transported the cards from Ashford’s garage to the Fresno County fire department and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse. Towers of Ashford’s cards were put in front of the fire engine. After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and other donors around the country with other kids affected by California’s Creek Fire.
She’s gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards from Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. She knows firsthand of the simple power of a card and she’d like to lift other children up as others have lifted her up.
24. What happened to Reese’s baseball cards
A. Someone took them away. B. They were left in the garage.
C. Her family threw them away. D. They were destroyed in a fire.
25. How did Ashford help Reese
A. He donated his cards to her. B. He called on others to help her.
C. He shared her story on Facebook. D. He exchanged his cards with her.
26. From the story, we can learn that ________.
A ups and downs make one strong
B. nothing is difficult to a willing heart
C. love can be sent from one to another
D. accepting what you have makes you happy
C
The return of sea otters to Southeast Alaska over the past 50 years, a project funded by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, has been a conservation success story. Erin Foster, a Nearshore Ecology PhD from Hakai Institute, suggests that sea otter restoration can enhance the genetic diversity of their habitat.
Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgrass fields, where they feed on rock crabs, often creating foraging pits (觅食坑) in the eelgrass. Foster looked at the impact of this activity on eelgrass genetic diversity by comparing eelgrass ecosystems with no otters (pre-disturbance) to those where otters had been reintroduced (post-disturbance). It was found that genetic diversity was higher in the areas with otters. Foster argues that genetic richness is of central importance here because it is crucial to resilience (恢复力) and the evolution of clonal organisms. Why The primary mode of expansion for eelgrass is clonal growth, but sea otter digging stimulates sexual reproduction in the flowering plant and opens up areas for the seeds to settle.
Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the world’s ecosystems, its influence on genetic diversity remains poorly appreciated. The amount of disturbance that was observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low: about 5% of the seafloor had foraging pits, although the pits last only for a short time, and visual observations likely underestimate the amount of activity. The disturbance theory, presented in 1978 on the basis of evidence from tropical forests and coral reefs, is well known to ecologists. Early studies showed that disturbance could increase species diversity, but researches on the effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively rare.
The role of sea otters in eelgrass fields provides insights into how genetic diversity can change when species interactions are lost—and how these patterns can be restored. Without sea otters, genetic diversity appears to decline; when they return, so does diversity. Sea otters were extirpated from much of their range during intense commercial harvests in the 18th and 19th centuries. As their range expanded in the 1960s and 1970s after the disturbance, and their habitats became better understood, sea otters became symbolic species in ecology.
The role of sea otters in biogeochemical processes such as the carbon cycle has gained attention in recent years. During the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), more attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they provide.
27. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. eelgrass ecosystems are established by sea otters
B. eelgrass expands through clonal growth due to sea otters
C. the return of sea otters can increase genetic diversity of eelgrass
D. eelgrass plays a more important role in the ecosystem than sea otters
28. What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A. The ecological disturbance theory lacks basic proof.
B. The previous researches on disturbance are insufficient.
C. The necessity of the research on disturbance is doubted.
D. The effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively small.
29. What does the underlined word “extirpated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Removed. B. Restored. C. Reproduced. D. Relocated.
30. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A The Ecological Function of Eelgrass Fields
B. The Commitment to Ecological Conservation
C. The Strategy for Increasing Sea Otter Population
D. The Benefit of Disturbance on Genetic Diversity
D
My university has now topped the U.S. News & World Report rankings for 11 years running. Given Princeton’s success, you might think I would be a fan of the list. Not so. Don’t get me wrong. I am proud of Princeton’s teaching, research and commitment to service. I like seeing our quality recognized. Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities. Different schools have distinct strengths, structures and missions. The idea of picking one as “best”, as though educational programs competed like athletic teams, is strange.
However, the U.S. News rankings attract great attention and a huge customer base. Applicants and their families rely on the rankings and feel pressure to get into highly regarded institutions. As a result, many schools make intense efforts to move up in the rankings. This competition produces damaging consequences. For example, some universities avoid doing difficult but valuable things—such as admitting talented lower-income students who can succeed at university if given appropriate support.
Still, students and families need comparative information to choose universities. If rankings mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables. Graduation rates are crucial. A university that does not graduate its students is like a car with a bad maintenance (维修) record. It costs money without getting you anywhere. What applicants need is not the average graduation rate, but the rate for students with backgrounds like their own. For example, some places successfully graduate their wealthy students but do less well for lower-income students. Applicants should also see some measure of post-graduation outcomes.
Here is a partial list of other factors that matter: cost of tuition (学费) and fees; high-quality teachers actively engaged in undergraduate instruction; and a learning culture composed of diverse students who study hard and educate one another. Judged by these criteria, many schools could be “Consumer Reports Best Buys”. Applicants should be excited to get into any of them; they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is “the best”.
It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings. In the meantime, those of us who understand the imperfection in the rankings must call them out—even when, indeed especially when, we finish at the top.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards university rankings
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.
32. Why does the author mention Consumer Reports
A. To reveal the multiplicity of consumers.
B. To present the information of potential buyers.
C. To highlight the difficulty of choosing universities.
D. To emphasize the need of overall evaluation of universities.
33. What can we learn from this passage
A. It is not likely to have a Consumer Reports for universities.
B. The most suitable university for applicants may not rank the top.
C. The average graduation rate is crucial to lower-income applicants.
D. The top universities can see the imperfection in the rankings better.
34. What is the main idea of the passage
A. There is no such thing as a good or bad student.
B. Education equality is an ideal hard to be realized.
C. An alternative approach is needed to assess universities.
D. Discrimination against poor students brings loss of talents.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology.
Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. ___35___
In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. ___36___ On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.
Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. ___37___ The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession.
The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. ___38___ Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group.
___39___ Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group.
Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing.
A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers.
B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources.
C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand.
D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people.
E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers.
F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds.
G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Collecting As a Hobby
Collecting must be one of the most varied of human activities, and it’s one that many psychologists find fascinating.
Some people collect because they want to make money. This could be called an instrumental reason for collecting. They’ll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to sell at a profit. But there may well be a psychological element, too—buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement.
Another motive for collecting is the desire to find something special. Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this. Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless. There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what they’re looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone.
If you think about collecting postage stamps, another potential reason is its educational value. Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. In the past, and nowadays, too, a popular form of collecting, was trainspotting. This might involve trying to see every locomotive (火车头) of a particular type, using published data that identify each one, and ticking off each engine as it is seen. As a by-product, many train spotters become very knowledgeable about railway operations, or the technical specifications of different engine types.
Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobbies. Some people collect because of the need for a sense of control. Stamp collectors, for instance, arrange their stamps in albums very neatly according to their preferred principles.
All hobbies give pleasure, but the common factor in collecting is usually passion. Collecting can be totally appealing, and can give a strong sense of personal achievement. To non-collectors it may appear a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has a lot going for it.
40. What is the instrumental reason for collecting
41. What is the danger of hunting for something special as a life purpose
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Collectors gain material and psychological benefits from collecting, but non-collectors may not see its value, so they are not advised to have a try.
43. If you are a collector, what do you collect And why (In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在你们学校网站上看到了你参加“校园劳动日”活动的照片，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.“校园劳动日”活动的相关信息（时间、内容……）；
2.你参加活动的感受。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：校园劳动日Campus Cleanup Day
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________2022届北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末质量检测英语试题、
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The ___2___ had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. ___3___, but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to ___4___ themselves, Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran ___5___ and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She ___6___ Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I ___7___ my CPR certificate yesterday.”
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No ___8___. And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had ___9___!
Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t ____10____,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.”
1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed
2. A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity
3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed
4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect
5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside
6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged
7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided
8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception
9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked
10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了在一场车祸后Norwood如何镇定自若利用所学的急救知识勇敢援救朋友Simmons的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她们到达一个十字路口时，一辆黑色的汽车撞上了他们。A. stopped停止；B. hit撞击；C. guided指导；D. passed通过。根据下文“Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，一辆车撞上了他们，致使她们的车驶进另一个院子，撞到了树上。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：碰撞使得Norwood驾驶员这侧的车门塌陷，将门卡住了。 A. impact碰撞；B. symbol象征；C. weight重量；D. gravity重力。根据上文“As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，Norwood的车遭受了撞击，驾驶员这侧的门塌陷被卡住了。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恐惧的然而在别的方面还是可以的，她从窗户爬了出去。A. Relaxed放松的；B. Shaken恐惧的；C. Amazed惊奇的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted,‘It’s about to blow up! Get out!’”可知，汽车遭到撞击，即将爆炸，因此推断Norwood是恐惧的。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Norwood和她的两个朋友，也设法自己逃了出来，一起逃命。A. free使摆脱；使自由；B. defeat打败；C. meet遇见；D. protect保护。根据上文“Along with two of her friends”和下文“Norwood ran for her life”可知，Norwood和这两个朋友一起逃命，说明朋友也成功自救。who引导定语从句，指代two of her friends，此处说的是朋友成功自救。free oneself“解脱；使自己自由”符合语境。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她跑回去发现Simmons在后座上，昏迷不醒。A. back向后；B. around在周围；C. forward向前；D. outside在外边。根据上文“she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them”和下文“found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious”可知，Norwood发现Simmons没有和她们一起逃生，于是跑回去发现了后座上昏迷的Simmons。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把Simmons拽到安全的地方，然后把她放在地上。A. pushed推动；B. rolled滚动；C. drove开车；D. dragged拖拽。根据下文“laid her on the ground”可知，Norwood把Simmons从车里拽了出来。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我昨天获得了心肺复苏术证书。A. lost失去；B. tested测验；C. earned赢得；获得；D. provided提供。根据上文“That’s when I started CPR.”以及Fortunately可知，Norwood开始给Simmons做心肺复苏，幸运的是，昨天她获得了心肺复苏术证书，可以实施心肺复苏。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有回应。A. trouble麻烦；B. response回复；C. preparation准备；D. exception例外。根据上文“She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.( 她开始按压她朋友的胸膛，往朋友的嘴里吹气，希望能用生命的吻填满她的肺。)”和下文“then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.( 然后，经过30次按压和两次急救呼吸后，Simmons恢复了意识)”可知，开始做心肺复苏时，Simmons没有回应，又经过努力按压和两次急救呼吸后，她才恢复意识。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：心肺复苏术起作用了。A. begun开始；B. finished完成；C. failed失败；D. worked起作用。根据上文“Simmons regained consciousness”可知，Simmons恢复了意识，说明心肺复苏术起作用了。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我并不感到惊讶，”Simmons说“她总是会尽力帮助。” A. calm镇静的；B. upset不安的；C. surprised惊奇的； D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“She will always help any way she can.”可知，Simmons对于Norwood会挽救她的生命，因此她知道她总是会尽力提供帮助。故选C。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wang Yaping, the Chinese female astronaut onboard Shenzhou 13, entered the Tiangong space station, ___11___ name means Heavenly Palace, on October 16. She is the first female astronaut ___12___ (visit) China’s space station and carry out extravehicular activities. Born in Yantai, Wang became the second female astronaut in spaceflight. During this mission, Wang, as one of the crew ___13___ (member), will stay in orbit for six months, setting a new record for China’s manned space mission duration.
【答案】11. whose
12. to visit
13. members
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平是第一位访问中国空间站并进行舱外活动的女航天员。同时，王亚平作为机组成员之一，将在轨停留六个月，创造中国载人航天执行任务持续时间最长的新纪录。
【详解】1.考查定语从句。句意：王亚平，神舟13号上的中国女航天员，于10月16日进入天宫空间站，空间站名字的意思是天上的宫殿。分析句子结构可知，“____name means Heavenly Palace,”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是space station(空间站)，在定语从句中作定语，应用whose来引导定语从句，故填whose。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位访问中国空间站并进行舱外活动的女航天员。“The+序数词+名词+to do”是固定搭配，表示“第几个……做……”，其中to do做后置定语，修饰前面的名词，故填to visit。
3.考查可数名词单复数。句意：在这次任务中，王亚平作为机组成员之一，将在轨停留六个月，创造中国载人航天执行任务持续时间最长的新纪录。one of +可数名词复数，是固定用法，表示“……之一”，所以此处应用member(成员)的复数形式members，故填members。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhaobi, or screen walls, have a long and storied history. Zhaobi can be found outside the entrance of buildings, and in their earliest form, they ___14___ (build) for only the highest members of society to show their social status (地位) and protect privacy. It was believed ___15___ zhaobi would also act as the spiritual protection. Then they became an ___16___ (importance) form of artistic expression, representing good fortune appearing on the walls. Nowadays, zhaobi are still how they looked in the distant past. By evolving (演变) their function, these walls ___17___ (witness) China’s development, giving us a snapshot of life at a particular time in history.
【答案】14. were built
15. that 16. important
17. have witnessed
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了照壁从古至今的功能变化。
【详解】1.考查时态和语态。句意：照壁可以在建筑物的入口处找到，最早建造的照壁，只为社会最高层的成员而用，以显示他们的社会地位和保护他们的隐私。分析句子结构可知，空处做谓语，且句子描述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，主语they(它们)和动词build(建造)二者之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动was/were done，主语是复数，应用were done，且build的过去分词是built，故填were built。
2.考查固定句型。句意：据说照壁也能充当精神上的保护。“It is/was believed that+从句”是固定句型，表示“据信；据说”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that从句，所以该从句是主语从句，故填that。
3.考查形容词。句意：后来它们成为艺术表现的重要形式，象征着墙上会出现好运气。此处用形容词important“重要的”，修饰名词form(形式)，作定语，故填important。
4.考查时态。句意：通过这些功能的不断演变，这些墙见证了中国的发展，让我们了解了历史上某个特定时期的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处做谓语，根据句意可知，见证这一动作从过去发生一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时have/has done，主语these walls(这些墙)和动词witness(见证)是主动关系，且主语是复数，应用have done，witness的过去分词为witnessed，故填have witnessed。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A new study ___18___ (conduct) at the University of Kansas suggests that added sugars can cause some processes tied to depressive illness. The researchers found that inflammation (炎症) is the key effect of dietary sugar related to mental health. High sugar consumption could result in a perfect storm, negatively ___19___ (affect) the body and brain. “Many people ___20___ depression have high levels of systemic inflammation, which can directly push the brain into a severe depression. And added sugars stimulate this process,” said Stephen Ilardi.
【答案】18. conducted
19. affecting
20. with
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明，过多地摄入糖会导致抑郁症的发生。
【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：由Kansas大学进行的一项新研究表明，过多的摄入糖会导致抑郁症的发生。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词study(研究)，且动词conduct(进行)和名词study二者之间是被动关系，此处应用conduct的过去分词形式conducted，故填conducted。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：高糖摄入会产生一大堆麻烦事，对身体和大脑产生负面影响。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语的动词做状语，动词affect(影响)的逻辑主语是主句主语High sugar consumption(高糖摄入)，且二者之间是主动关系，所以此处应用affect的现在分词形式，故填affecting。
3.考查介词。句意：许多抑郁症患者有高度的全身炎症，这可以直接推动大脑进入严重抑郁状态。根据句意可知，此处表示“有抑郁症”，所以应用介词with，表示“有”，此处是“with+名词”结构做后置定语，修饰名词people(人)，故填with。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In our hyper-connected world, information is being collected and shared every nanosecond. The problem is that your personal information might be used against you in the future in ways you can’t imagine today. So what do you have to worry about, and what can you do to protect yourself
If you’re worried about your personal information getting lifted...
Don’t hand over your name, address, phone number, or email address unless the receiver really needs it. If pressed, you can always make something up. Opt a paper receipt or no receipt rather than getting one via text or email, which requires sharing your information and exposes you to possible data loss.
If you prefer that your Internet searches stay private...
Browse (浏览) with Firefox. Its privacy controls are stronger than other big-name browsers. Or use DuckDuckGo, and alternate service you can easily set as your default (默认) search partner at .
If you’re worried about your phone acting as a tracker...
Turn off Location Services for all apps except maps and others that specifically need to know where you are. You can do this in Settings, under Privacy and Location.
If you want companies to stop trying to sell you things...
Stop ads from tracking you by opting out of information collecting. The website is a good place to start. You can also add your phone number to the National Do Not Call Registry at 1-888-382-1222 or donotcall.gov.
If you’re worried about being tagged (标记) in photos on social media...
Tell friends you don’t want to be tagged, and opt out of being automatically tagged in other people’s Facebook photos by going to Settings, then Face Recognition.
Always keep in mind that Internet is not a private place and your privacy is not just about freedom from embarrassment. Although you can’t prevent all Internet spying, you can minimize some unwanted spying by taking these steps.
21. Which of the following will most possibly reveal your personal information
A. Looking for information with Firefox.
B. Receiving a receipt through text messages.
C. Switching off Location Services in Settings.
D. Giving your address to the receiver who needs it.
22. If you don’t want to be disturbed by ads, you can ________.
A. avoid using
B. refuse a call from 1-888-382-1222
C. delete your history from DuckDuckGo
D. register your phone number at donotcall.gov
23. The passage is intended to ________.
A. give advice B. introduce websites
C. show worries D. explain social media
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要就如何保证个人信息不被泄露给出了建议。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一个标题下“Opt a paper receipt or no receipt rather than getting one via text or email, which requires sharing your information and exposes you to possible data loss.”（选择纸质收据或无收据，而不是通过短信或电子邮件获取收据，这需要共享您的信息，并可能使您丢失数据。）可知，如果使用短信接受收据，需要共享你的信息，你可能会泄露个人信息。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四个标题下“You can also add your phone number to the National Do Not Call Registry at 1-888-382-1222 or donotcall.gov.”（您也可以将您的电话号码打电话1-888-382-1222添加到全国禁止通话登记处或donotcall.gov网址。）可知，如果你希望不被广告打扰，可以在donotcall.gov注册自己的电话号码。故选D项。
【23题详解】
目的意图题。根据第一段“So what do you have to worry about, and what can you do to protect yourself ”（那么你需要担心什么，你能做些什么来保护自己呢？）以及文章内容可知，文章主要如何保证个人信息不被泄露给出了建议，所以文章写作的目的是给出建议。故选A项。
B
Cards from Reese
When 9-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her home in Fresno County, California, in Creek Fire, one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball cards
No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm’s worth of horses to evacuate (疏散), the family forgot the cards in a hurry to leave. Naturally, the faithful San Francisco Giants fan and Little League baseball player was upset. When she watched the Giants on TV, she would lay out each player’s card on the floor in his corresponding field position. “I like baseball cards because they are pictures of people doing happy stuff—doing what they love, and what I love,” says Reese.
Reese’s loss touched the hearts of the Fresno County fire department, which posted her story on its Facebook page. They put out a call for people to help Reese rebuild her baseball card collection. Among those to respond was Kevin Ashford of San Jose, who knew exactly where Reese could find replacement cards: in his garage. He had more than 25,000 in his collection, which is worth about $50,000. Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire department’s post. “I wasn’t really doing anything with them,” says Ashford. “I thought I could take care of this problem rather quickly.”
First responders transported the cards from Ashford’s garage to the Fresno County fire department and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse. Towers of Ashford’s cards were put in front of the fire engine. After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and other donors around the country with other kids affected by California’s Creek Fire.
She’s gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards from Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. She knows firsthand of the simple power of a card and she’d like to lift other children up as others have lifted her up.
24. What happened to Reese’s baseball cards
A. Someone took them away. B. They were left in the garage.
C. Her family threw them away. D. They were destroyed in a fire.
25. How did Ashford help Reese
A. He donated his cards to her. B. He called on others to help her.
C. He shared her story on Facebook. D. He exchanged his cards with her.
26. From the story, we can learn that ________.
A. ups and downs make one strong
B. nothing is difficult to a willing heart
C. love can be sent from one to another
D. accepting what you have makes you happy
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Reese收集棒球卡片在一次火灾中都被烧毁了，但是后来Ashford和其他捐赠者给她捐赠了数千张卡片，于是Reese创办了Cards from Reese组织，这个组织收集卡片，然后把卡片捐赠给那些有需要的人，从这个故事中我们可以学到，爱可以从一个人传递到另一个人。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段“When 9-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her home in Fresno County, California, in Creek Fire, one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball cards ”(9岁的Reese Osterberg在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺县发生的Creek大火中失去了家园，那是去年秋天加州历史上最大的一场森林大火，她有一个非常紧迫的问题，有人拿走了她的棒球卡吗？)和第二段第一句话“No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm’s worth of horses to evacuate (疏散), the family forgot the cards in a hurry to leave.”(没人拿走。有一屋子的孩子和狗，还有一个农场的马要疏散，这家人匆忙离开时忘记了卡片。)可知，发生火灾时，Reese家人匆忙离开，忘记了卡片，所以可知，棒球卡片在大火中被烧毁了，故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and other donors around the country with other kids affected by California’s Creek Fire.”(在感谢了Ashford之后Reese很快地把她从Ashford和其他捐赠者那里收到的数千张棒球卡片，分享给了其他在加州Creek火灾中受影响的孩子们。)可知，Ashford把自己的棒球卡片捐给了Reese，以此来帮助他，故选A。
3.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and other donors around the country with other kids affected by California’s Creek Fire.”(在感谢了Ashford之后Reese很快地把她从Ashford和其他捐赠者那里，收到的数千张棒球卡片，分享给了其他在加州Creek火灾中受影响的孩子们。)和最后一段“She’s gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards from Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. She knows firsthand of the simple power of a card and she’d like to lift other children up as others have lifted her up.”(事实上，她收到的卡片太多了，以至于她创办了Cards from Reese组织，这个组织收集卡片，然后捐赠给那些需要的人。她知道一张卡片简单而又直接的力量，她想使其他孩子高兴起来，就像别人让她高兴一样。)可知，文章主要讲述了Reese收集的棒球卡片在一次火灾中都被烧毁了，但是后来Ashford和其他捐赠者给她捐赠了数千只卡片，于是Reese她创办了Cards from Reese组织，这个组织收集卡片，然后把卡片捐赠给那些有需要的人。由此推知，从这个故事中我们可以学到，爱可以从一个人传递到另一个人，故选C。
C
The return of sea otters to Southeast Alaska over the past 50 years, a project funded by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, has been a conservation success story. Erin Foster, a Nearshore Ecology PhD from Hakai Institute, suggests that sea otter restoration can enhance the genetic diversity of their habitat.
Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgrass fields, where they feed on rock crabs, often creating foraging pits (觅食坑) in the eelgrass. Foster looked at the impact of this activity on eelgrass genetic diversity by comparing eelgrass ecosystems with no otters (pre-disturbance) to those where otters had been reintroduced (post-disturbance). It was found that genetic diversity was higher in the areas with otters. Foster argues that genetic richness is of central importance here because it is crucial to resilience (恢复力) and the evolution of clonal organisms. Why The primary mode of expansion for eelgrass is clonal growth, but sea otter digging stimulates sexual reproduction in the flowering plant and opens up areas for the seeds to settle.
Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the world’s ecosystems, its influence on genetic diversity remains poorly appreciated. The amount of disturbance that was observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low: about 5% of the seafloor had foraging pits, although the pits last only for a short time, and visual observations likely underestimate the amount of activity. The disturbance theory, presented in 1978 on the basis of evidence from tropical forests and coral reefs, is well known to ecologists. Early studies showed that disturbance could increase species diversity, but researches on the effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively rare.
The role of sea otters in eelgrass fields provides insights into how genetic diversity can change when species interactions are lost—and how these patterns can be restored. Without sea otters, genetic diversity appears to decline; when they return, so does diversity. Sea otters were extirpated from much of their range during intense commercial harvests in the 18th and 19th centuries. As their range expanded in the 1960s and 1970s after the disturbance, and their habitats became better understood, sea otters became symbolic species in ecology.
The role of sea otters in biogeochemical processes such as the carbon cycle has gained attention in recent years. During the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), more attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they provide.
27 We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. eelgrass ecosystems are established by sea otters
B. eelgrass expands through clonal growth due to sea otters
C. the return of sea otters can increase genetic diversity of eelgrass
D. eelgrass plays a more important role in the ecosystem than sea otters
28. What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A. The ecological disturbance theory lacks basic proof.
B. The previous researches on disturbance are insufficient.
C. The necessity of the research on disturbance is doubted.
D. The effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively small.
29. What does the underlined word “extirpated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Removed. B. Restored. C. Reproduced. D. Relocated.
30. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A. The Ecological Function of Eelgrass Fields
B. The Commitment to Ecological Conservation
C. The Strategy for Increasing Sea Otter Population
D. The Benefit of Disturbance on Genetic Diversity
【答案】27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了科学干预如海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性，深入发现人类干预的好处和这一行为的过少关注现状，呼吁更多研究在这一领域。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段末尾“Erin Foster......suggests that sea otter restoration can enhance the genetic diversity of their habitat.”(海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性。）和“Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgrass fields......”（海獭居住在沿海的栖息地,包括大叶藻地）可知，海獭的回归可以增加大叶藻地的遗传多样性，故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“ The amount of disturbance that was observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low....... but researches on the effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively rare.”(在大叶藻地观察到的扰动量相对较低.....但对干扰对遗传多样性影响的研究相对较少。)可知，之前对干扰的研究还不够。故选B。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面during intense commercial harvests（大规模商业捕捞期间） 可以推断数量肯定下降，跟选项A removed 被移除意思相符合，故选A。
【30题详解】
标题判断题。根据第一段“sea otter restoration can enhance the genetic diversity of their habitat.”（海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性）和第三段“Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the world’s ecosystems”（尽管干扰增强了世界许多生态系统的多样性和动态性）以及最后一段“more attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they provide.”（应更多地关注动物种群的重建及其提供的关键生态功能。）可知，人类的干预例如海獭的恢复等对基因多样性有益处，应该更多关注，故选D。
D
My university has now topped the U.S. News & World Report rankings for 11 years running. Given Princeton’s success, you might think I would be a fan of the list. Not so. Don’t get me wrong. I am proud of Princeton’s teaching, research and commitment to service. I like seeing our quality recognized. Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities. Different schools have distinct strengths, structures and missions. The idea of picking one as “best”, as though educational programs competed like athletic teams, is strange.
However, the U.S. News rankings attract great attention and a huge customer base. Applicants and their families rely on the rankings and feel pressure to get into highly regarded institutions. As a result, many schools make intense efforts to move up in the rankings. This competition produces damaging consequences. For example, some universities avoid doing difficult but valuable things—such as admitting talented lower-income students who can succeed at university if given appropriate support.
Still, students and families need comparative information to choose universities. If rankings mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables. Graduation rates are crucial. A university that does not graduate its students is like a car with a bad maintenance (维修) record. It costs money without getting you anywhere. What applicants need is not the average graduation rate, but the rate for students with backgrounds like their own. For example, some places successfully graduate their wealthy students but do less well for lower-income students. Applicants should also see some measure of post-graduation outcomes.
Here is a partial list of other factors that matter: cost of tuition (学费) and fees; high-quality teachers actively engaged in undergraduate instruction; and a learning culture composed of diverse students who study hard and educate one another. Judged by these criteria, many schools could be “Consumer Reports Best Buys”. Applicants should be excited to get into any of them; they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is “the best”.
It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings. In the meantime, those of us who understand the imperfection in the rankings must call them out—even when, indeed especially when, we finish at the top.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards university rankings
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.
32. Why does the author mention Consumer Reports
A. To reveal the multiplicity of consumers.
B. To present the information of potential buyers.
C. To highlight the difficulty of choosing universities.
D. To emphasize the need of overall evaluation of universities.
33. What can we learn from this passage
A. It is not likely to have a Consumer Reports for universities.
B. The most suitable university for applicants may not rank the top.
C. The average graduation rate is crucial to lower-income applicants.
D. The top universities can see the imperfection in the rankings better.
34. What is the main idea of the passage
A. There is no such thing as a good or bad student.
B Education equality is an ideal hard to be realized.
C. An alternative approach is needed to assess universities.
D. Discrimination against poor students brings loss of talents.
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以作者用其他的方法来评估大学。
【详解】1.观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities.”(然而，排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式。)可知，作者认为排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式，由此可以推断出，作者对大学排名的态度是不赞成的，C选项“Disapproving”(反对的；不赞成的)符合，A. Supportive.支持的；B. Indifferent.漠不关心的；D. Neutral.中立的，均不符，故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If rankings mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables.”(如果排名误导了别人，那还有什么选择呢？几代人以来，除了大学教育，消费者几乎都是从《消费者报告》中获得各方面的建议。当《消费者报告》评估一个产品时，它评估了多个因素，以便潜在的买家能够明智地做出自己的选择。同样，大学申请者需要一些基本变量的信息。)可知，作者提到《消费者报告》是为了强调大学综合评价的必要性，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is “the best”.”(他们应该挑选自己认为最有吸引力的学校，而不应该浪费时间担心哪一所学校是“最好的”。)可知，申请者应该申请自己认为最有吸引力的学校而不是那些排名最好的学校，由此可以推断出最适合申请者的学校，不一定是排名最好的学校，故选B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings.”(如果能有一份大学的《消费者报告》就好了。我希望一些全国性的出版物有勇气对高等教育机构进行一年一度、用户友好型的消费者报告分析，即使它不像足球式的排名那么有吸引力也没关系。)可知，文章主要讲述了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以要用其他的方法来评估大学，即大学需要另一种评估方式。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology.
Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. ___35___
In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. ___36___ On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.
Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. ___37___ The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession.
The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. ___38___ Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group.
___39___ Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group.
Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing.
A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers.
B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources.
C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand.
D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people.
E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers.
F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds.
G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.
【答案】35 G 36. A 37. B 38. E 39. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍几个实验，告诉我们幽默有助于缓解压力，促进社会关系。幽默不仅令人愉快，更重要的是，让人充满活力。
【35题详解】
由上文“He even recorded various types of laughter.”(他甚至记录了各种笑声。)可知，此处描写了一个美国音响工程师记录了各种笑声，所以空处应该是描述记录各种笑声的结果，G选项“He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.”(他发现一个简单的“哈哈”可以传达大量与社会相关的信息。)符合，承接上文，故选G。
【36题详解】
由上文“In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies.”(2016年在加州大学进行的一项研究中，记录了来自24个不同社会背景的成对说英语学生的笑声样本，并向听众播放。)和下文“On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.”(平均来说，结果是非常一致的: 在世界范围内，人们的猜测大约有60%的正确率。)可知，空后是该实验的结果，空前是描述该实验内容，所以可以推断出，空处应该也是描述该实验，且是该实验的最后一步，A选项“Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers.”(参与者被问及每一对是朋友还是陌生人。)符合，故选A。
【37题详解】
由上文“Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace.”(另一项由澳大利亚国立大学研究人员进行的研究，这项研究基于这样一种假设，即幽默可能会为工作场所的枯燥情况提供一个暂停的机会。)可知，此处描述了实验前的假设，结合空后“The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text.”(研究人员首先要求学生划掉两页文本中字母“e”。)可知，空后开始描述实验步骤，所以可以推断出，空处是对空前内容进一步描写，B选项“This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources.”(这种“精神暂停”可能促进了精神资源的增加。)符合，其中“break”呼应上句中的“pause”，都表示“暂停”，故选B。
【38题详解】
由上文“The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win.”(然后，学生们完成了一项需要坚持的任务，要求他们根据提供的个人资料猜测员工的潜在表现，他们并被告知连续做出10个正确的评估将会取得胜利。)可知，此处描述实验内容，结合下文“Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group.”(那些观看了憨豆先生视频的学生最终会花更多的时间在这项任务上，做出的猜测任务是另一组的两倍。)可知，此处描写实验结果，所以可以推断出，空处应该是承接上文，继续描写实验内容，E选项“However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers.”(然而，软件被设计成不可能得到10个正确答案。)符合，其中“10 correct answers”与上文“making 10 correct assessments in a row”相呼应，故选E。
【39题详解】
根据下文“Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group.”(同样，那些观看幽默视频的参与者在这项无聊的任务上花费了更多的时间，并且相比于其他组的学生，他们完成了更多的问题，正确率也更高。)可知，此处是描述实验结果，所以可以推断出空处应该是描述实验内容，C选项“The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand.”(然后，研究人员让参与者用手完成很多乘法题。)符合，其中“long multiplication questions by hand.”和下文中的“this boring task”相呼应，故选C。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Collecting As a Hobby
Collecting must be one of the most varied of human activities, and it’s one that many psychologists find fascinating.
Some people collect because they want to make money. This could be called an instrumental reason for collecting. They’ll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to sell at a profit. But there may well be a psychological element, too—buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement.
Another motive for collecting is the desire to find something special. Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this. Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless. There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what they’re looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone.
If you think about collecting postage stamps, another potential reason is its educational value. Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. In the past, and nowadays, too, a popular form of collecting, was trainspotting. This might involve trying to see every locomotive (火车头) of a particular type, using published data that identify each one, and ticking off each engine as it is seen. As a by-product, many train spotters become very knowledgeable about railway operations, or the technical specifications of different engine types.
Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobbies. Some people collect because of the need for a sense of control. Stamp collectors, for instance, arrange their stamps in albums very neatly according to their preferred principles.
All hobbies give pleasure, but the common factor in collecting is usually passion. Collecting can be totally appealing, and can give a strong sense of personal achievement. To non-collectors it may appear a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has a lot going for it.
40. What is the instrumental reason for collecting
41. What is the danger of hunting for something special as a life purpose
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Collectors gain material and psychological benefits from collecting, but non-collectors may not see its value, so they are not advised to have a try.
43. If you are a collector, what do you collect And why (In about 40 words)
【答案】40. To make money.
41. After finding what they hunt for, people may feel empty and aimless rather than celebrate their success.
42. Collectors gain material and psychological benefits from collecting, but non-collectors may not see its value, so they are not advised to have a try.
According to the passage, to non-collectors, collecting as a hobby may seem like a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has many positive qualities. So collecting is worth trying for non-collectors.
43. (1) I collect fridge magnets because they are my favourite souvenirs. Whenever I see them, I can recall the memorable time spent during the trips. Moreover, fridge magnets enable me to learn more about the typical landmarks and cultural elements of the places I have visited.
(2) I collect car models because I love cars and receive car models as gifts on every special occasion, which serve as a reminder of my carefree childhood and the cherished love from my beloved ones. Each car model carries a distinct touching story and pleasant moment during my growth.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了收藏是一种爱好，并说明了收藏不同原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Some people collect because they want to make money. This could be called an instrumental reason for collecting.”（有些人收藏是因为他们想赚钱。这可以被称为收藏的工具性原因。）可知，收藏的工具性原因是他们想赚钱。故答案为To make money.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what they’re looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone.”（然而，有一种危险，那就是，如果一个人幸运地找到了他们想要的东西，那么他们可能会感到空虚，而不是庆祝他们的成功，因为驱使他们前进的目标已经消失了。）可知，将猎取特殊东西作为人生目标的危险是，在找到所追求的东西后，人们可能会感到空虚和漫无目的，而不是庆祝他们的成功。故答案为After finding what they hunt for, people may feel empty and aimless rather than celebrate their success.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“To non-collectors it may appear a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has a lot going for it.”（对于非收藏者来说，这似乎是一种奇怪的消磨时间的方式，但潜在的是，收藏有很多好处。）可知，对于非收藏者来说，把收藏作为一种爱好似乎是一种奇怪的消磨时间的方式，但潜在的是，收藏有许多积极的品质。因此，对于非收藏者来说，收藏是值得尝试的，所以所给句子中so they are not advised to have a try是错误的，需要划线。故答案为Collectors gain material and psychological benefits from collecting, but non-collectors may not see its value, so they are not advised to have a try.
According to the passage, to non-collectors, collecting as a hobby may seem like a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has many positive qualities. So collecting is worth trying for non-collectors.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。如果我是收藏家，我收藏冰箱磁铁，因为它们是我最喜欢的纪念品。每当我看到他们，我都能回忆起旅行中度过的难忘时光。此外，冰箱磁铁使我能够更多地了解我访问过的地方的典型地标和文化元素。故答案为I collect fridge magnets because they are my favourite souvenirs. Whenever I see them, I can recall the memorable time spent during the trips. Moreover, fridge magnets enable me to learn more about the typical landmarks and cultural elements of the places I have visited.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在你们学校网站上看到了你参加“校园劳动日”活动的照片，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.“校园劳动日”活动的相关信息（时间、内容……）；
2.你参加活动的感受。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：校园劳动日Campus Cleanup Day
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going Since you are interested in our Campus Cleanup Day, I’m more than willing to share more with you.
It is an annual activity in our school. Every Dec. 31, students do a thorough cleanup to welcome the coming new year, such as cleaning the windows and sweeping the floors in the teaching buildings. The pictures you saw on our school official website were taken when we were helping in the school canteen, where we wiped the tables and placed them in order. From our smiles, you can tell how happy and content we were for doing our bit to make our school a place just like home.
What do you think of this activity Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友吉姆回复邮件，介绍“校园劳动日”的相关信息以及自己参加活动的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
感兴趣：be interested in→show interest in
照片：picture→photo
帮忙：help→give a hand
满足的：content→satisfied
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：From our smiles, you can tell how happy and content we were for doing our bit to make our school place just like home.
拓展句：From our smiles, you can tell how happy and content we were because we are doing our bit to make our school place just like home.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since you are interested in our Campus Cleanup Day, I’m more than willing to share more with you.（运用了since引导原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】The pictures you saw on our school official website were taken when we were helping in the school canteen, where we wiped the tables and placed them in order.（运用了省略that引导定语从句，when引导时间状语从句，where引导非限制性定语从句）
