2022届北京市东城区高三上学期期末统一检测英语试卷
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sometimes the world gives us a small sign of encouragement, right when we need it the most.
Murphy lost her parents in her early 20s. Two years ago, she was ____1____ with finding happiness in her career. During walks on the beach she would talk to her parents in her head, seeking guidance about her career choices. “Since they weren’t with me ____2____ , I would ask for little signs in the form of heart-shaped rocks. When I would find one, I would feel connected to something outside of myself.” These small ____3____ made her feel like she wasn’t alone.
Once, during a trip, Murphy was moved by the way tiny courtesies like a smile made her feel more ____4____ in an unfamiliar country. She came back with—the understanding that small acts of kindness could have a big ____5____ .
One day, while walking on the beach, she suddenly came up with an idea of writing some encouraging messages on rocks. So she did it. She soon learned her small action was already making ripples (涟漪). That night a friend texted her a picture of a rock and said, “Was this you ” She had ____6____ Murphy because she knew Murphy walked along that same beach. Murphy was ____7____ by the way her friend said finding that rock had made her day.
Murphy became hooked on the idea that she could spread happiness through something as ____8____ as a rock with a message on it. She started leaving rocks in other places. With these rocks, she left a small sign encouraging others to leave a kindness rock somewhere else—“One rock, one person.” Murphy explains. “If a message ____9____ a person at the right time, or they join, it’s like a huge _____10_____ . It’ what our world needs right now.”
1. A. meeting B. struggling C. living D. engaging
2. A. mentally B. regularly C. physically D. temporarily
3. A. treasures B. incidents C. products D. tasks
4. A. awkward B. interested C. sensitive D. comfortable
5. A. success B. impact C. ambition D. purpose
6. A. suspected B. spotted C. favoured D. supported
7. A. reminded B. puzzled C. touched D. honored
8. A. rough B. basic C. hard D. simple
9. A. holds B. surprises C. warns D. hits
10. A. variety B. challenge C. connection D. satisfaction
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，20出头就失去父母的墨菲通过在石头上写激励人心的话语传播快乐的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年前，她还在努力寻找事业上的幸福。A. meeting遇见；B. struggling努力；C. living生活；D. engaging从事。由下文的“During walks on the beach she would talk to her parents in her head, seeking guidance about her career choices.”可知，虽双亲去世，但墨菲会在脑海中向父母寻求职业选择上的指导，说明墨菲正在努力寻找适合自己的职业，寻求事业上的幸福。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为他们不在我身边，所以我会要求一些心形岩石的小标志。A. mentally精神上；B. regularly定期地；C. physically身体上；D. temporarily暂时地。由上文的“Murphy lost her parents in her early 20s.”可知，墨菲20出头就失去了父母，因此父母已经不在世，不可能陪伴在墨菲身边。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些小宝贝让她觉得自己并不孤单。A. treasures珍宝；B. incidents事情；C. products产品；D. tasks任务。由上文的“When I would find one, I would feel connected to something outside of myself.”和下文的“made her feel like she wasn’t alone”可知，能让20出头就失去父母的墨菲觉得自己与外界有某种联系、并不孤单的东西，对她而言，应该是宝贝。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次，在一次旅行中，墨菲被微笑这样的礼貌让她在一个陌生的国家感到更舒服的方式所感动。A. awkward尴尬的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. comfortable舒服的。由上文的“Once, during a trip, Murphy was moved by the way tiny courtesies like a smile”和下文的“in an unfamiliar country”可知，旅游时，身处异国他乡，对一切感到陌生，一个微笑就能让人如沐春风，感到舒适。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她回来时明白，小小的善举可能会产生巨大的影响。A. success成功；B. impact影响；C. ambition志向；D. purpose目的。由上文语境和上文的“small acts of kindness”可知，旅游时，墨菲身处异国他乡，对一切感到陌生，一个微笑让她在一个陌生的国家感到更舒服，所以她认为小小的善举可能会产生巨大的影响。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她怀疑墨菲，因为她知道墨菲是沿着同一个海滩走的。A. suspected怀疑；B. spotted发现；C. favoured有助于；D. supported支持。由上文的“she suddenly came up with an idea of writing some encouraging messages on rocks”，“her small action was already making ripples”和“That night a friend texted her a picture of a rock and said, “Was this you ””和下文的“because she knew Murphy walked along that same beach”可知，墨菲在岩石上写了一些鼓励信息的行为，她的行为已经引起了轩然大波，因为朋友知道墨菲是沿着同一个海滩走的，所以怀疑是不是墨菲做的，才会问 “是你吗？”故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因她的朋友说发现那块石头让她开心，墨菲被感动了。A. reminded提醒；B. puzzled使困惑；C. touched感动；D. honored尊敬。由下文的“her friend said finding that rock had made her day”可知，墨菲在岩石上写了一些鼓励信息的善行，让朋友开心，墨菲应该是因这样的小善行对他人产生了积极的影响而被感动了。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：墨菲迷上了这样一个想法：她可以通过在一块石头这样普通的东西上，写着一条信息来传播快乐。A. rough粗糙的；B. basic基本的；C. hard困难的；D. simple简单的、普通的。由下文的“a rock”可知，石头是很普通、随处可见的东西。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一条信息在正确的时间击中一个人，或者人们感同身受，这就像一个巨大的联系。A. holds持有；B. surprises使惊讶；C. warns警告；D. hits击中、碰撞。由上文语境和下文的“they join”可知，朋友因墨菲在岩石上写的鼓励信息而开心，认可墨菲的鼓励性话语，感同身受，说明信息在正确的时间击中一个人，即这个人理解了这条信息包含的东西。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一条信息在正确的时间击中一个人，或者人们感同身受，这就像一个巨大的联系。A. variety种类；B. challenge挑战；C. connection联系；D. satisfaction满意。由上文语境和上文的“they join”可知，朋友因墨菲在岩石上写的鼓励信息而开心，认可墨菲的鼓励性话语，感同身受，说明信息让不同的人产生了情感上的联系。故选C项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Alex Weber and Jack Johnston were shocked when they discovered thousands of golf balls in the water when free diving in the Carmel Bay. ____11____ (concern), they learned that after a ball's outer plastic layer breaks down, its rubber band core falls apart into ____12____ looks like dried seagrass, which may be mistakenly eaten by birds and sea life. They ____13____ (start) the Plastic Pick-Up, a non-profit committed to keeping plastics pollution out of the ocean.
【答案】11. Concerned
12. what 13. started
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了亚历克斯·韦伯和杰克·约翰斯顿发起了“塑料回收”，这个致力于防止塑料污染进入海洋的非营利组织的过程。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们担心，在一个球的外层塑料层分解后，它的橡皮筋芯会分解成看起来像干海草的东西，可能会被鸟类和海洋生物误食。空处需填形容词concerned作状语，强调人的心理状态，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Concerned。
【12题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的东西”，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他们发起了“塑料回收”，这是一个致力于防止塑料污染进入海洋的非营利组织。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填started。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The 2021 International Confucius Cultural Festival was launched in September, ____14____ (feature) an international forum to discuss cultural civilizations and the Confucius Culture Week for Chinese and foreign students.
This annual festival ____15____ (include) both online and offline events, which are aimed at connecting Confucian culture ____16____ (fan) worldwide. Founded in 1989, it is one of the largest festivals nationally and internationally supported by tourism festivals integrating culture, tourism, and ____17____ (science)research with the aim of promoting ancient Chinese culture.
【答案】14. featuring
15. includes
16. fans 17. scientific
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际孔子文化节。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2021国际孔子文化节在九月份被发起，主要由一个讨论文化文明的国际论坛和为国内外学生开展的孔子文化周组成。根据句型分析，此空考查非谓语做状语成分，且前面的International Confucius Cultural Festival和feature关系为主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填featuring。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这每年举行的节日包括线上线下盛事。由句型分析，此空应填谓语动词，主语为This annual festival，且由后面 are aimed at推断此空用用主动且为一般现在时。故填includes。
【16题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这活动主要目的在于把全世界孔子文化粉丝连接在一起。根据句意，且由此空后worldwide推断，此处应用fan复数概念。故填fans。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：建立于1989，这是被国内外旅游文化节，旅游业和科学研究支持的重大节日之一，目的是为了促进中国古代文化的传播。由句型结构分析，research为名词，此空应填形容词结构形式来修饰名词。故填scientific。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____18____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person ____19____ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support ____20____ (see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone's personality and might lend to losing friends.
【答案】18. without
19. who##that
20. are seen
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自力更生是成为一个独立的人的重要因素，而过度依赖别人则可能会失去朋友。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：当你可以自己做决定而不依赖他人的认可时，你就是在独立行事。表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一个独立自主、有信心做决定的人会发现自己是被依赖的。空处引导定语从句，先行词A person，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，严重依赖他人支持的人被视为需要和苛刻。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为people和see为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为people，be动词用are。故填are seen。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂照。
A
"For years, I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!"
Join millions of older Americans who are rediscovering the joy of walking!
The Perfect Walker is an innovative mobility device that can change your life. It enables you to stand upright when you walk-with your spine straight and your eyes looking straight ahead. Your weight is supported by your upper arms and shoulders, some of the strongest parts of your body. Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion. Its easy height-adjust system allows it to be the perfect height for anyone from 4'9" to 6'2"and supports up to 300 pounds. The new Stand Assist HandlesTM enable you to distribute your weight across your arms and shoulders, not your hands and wrists, to help reduce back, neck, wrist pain and discomfort. It features comfortable arm pads, hand brakes, a fold-down seat and storage area with a backrest. It's built with aircraft- grade aluminum to be strong yet lightweight, and its streamlined design and oversized wheels make it perfect for walking in the yard.
Why spend another day bent over and dragging yourself around—or worse yet, lying in front of the TV all day Pick up the phone and take back your life.
21. Who is talking about the Perfect Walker at the beginning
A. A user. B. The agent C. A doctor. D. The producer.
22. What is the Perfect Walker's biggest advantage over traditional ones
A. It serves a variety of functions. B. It's made of aircraft-grade material.
C. It features comfortable arm pads and a scat. D. It allows users to walk in an ordinary manner.
23. By dialing 1-888-235-1481, you can________.
A. place an order B. apply for membership C. ask for a free trial D. get a promotion code
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“完美助行架”的产品，介绍了其特色和订购方式。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“For years, I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!(多年来，我发现自己走得越来越少。随着年龄的增长，背部和腿部的疼痛让我只能坐在椅子上，看着电视，看着生命流逝。我的医生告诉我要多运动，我试过了。 我试过手杖和助行器，但我讨厌它们。拖着自己走，弯着腰，看着我前面两英尺的地面——这似乎不是一个有趣的方式。后来有一天，一个朋友把我介绍给了“完美助行架”。现在没有什么能阻止我了！)”可知，一开始谈论完美助行架的是一个用户。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion.(传统的助行架迫使你将身体的重量压在你的手和手腕上。你把他们推到你面前，看着地面而不是你要去的地方。完美助行架随你移动，你的脚可以自由地以正常的方式行走)”可知，与传统助行架相比，完美助行架的最大优势是它允许用户以普通的方式行走。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Call now! 1-888-235-1481(现在就拨打1-888-235-1481)”以及最后一段中“Pick up the phone and take back your life.(拿起电话，重新开始你的生活吧)”可知，你可以通过拨打1-888-235-1481来下单。故选A。
B
Is it funny to pull a person's chair away just as he or she is about to sit down Some people would say yes. Anyone who has ever had it happened to him or her would definitely disagree.
Isabella "Izzy" Sementilli was in fifth grade when a classmate pulled her chair out from under her. As a result of the incident, Isabella suffered neck and back injuries. She also began experiencing sensitivity to light and noise, and severe headaches. The once-active tap dancer was banned from participating in all physical activities.
Unfortunately, her health did not improve with time. By eighth grade, her headaches were so severe that she was no longer able to attend school. She receives homeschooling which is cancelled on days when her headaches are unbearable.
Isabella has managed to remain positive despite her struggles. "I choose not to sit around doing nothing and feeling sorry for myself," she says. She finds strength from her faith as well as from the support of her family. She says, "I've missed out on everything." Isabella has not been able to engage in any of the activities she used to enjoy, but she has discovered a passion for baking. In 2014, she began baking cookies she calls Iznettes.
The cookies were so good that she began selling them Isabella donates all of the profits from the sale of the cookies to anti-bullying and brain injury charities.
Isabella wants people to understand what life is like for someone with a brain injury “It's an invisible injury," she says. "No one sees the pain you are in. It's hard for people to understand. Everyone says that I look fine.
In 2017, she was chosen as a youth honoree by the Brain Injury Association of New York State. She has even had the opportunity to speak with elected officials about the challenges faced by those with brain injuries.
Isabella also hopes to educate people on the potentially disastrous impact of bullying. By sharing her story, she hopes to make a difference in the lives of others. It is her hope that no one else will suffer in the way that she has. "If I could help just one person, that would be amazing," she says.
24. What happened to Isabella after the incident
A. She could not socialize. B. She had to stop studying.
C. She received unfair treatment. D. She suffered unimaginable pains.
25. Why did Isabella start making cookies
A. To realize her potential B. To live life to the full.
C. To support her family. D. To donate to charities.
26. Which words can best describe Isabella
A. Friendly and committed. B. Optimistic and outgoing
C Determined and caring D. Ambitious and frank.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伊莎贝拉由于一场事故，遭受了难以想象的痛苦；尽管经历了种种困难，伊莎贝拉仍然保持乐观，她开始做饼干并把饼干销售的所有利润都捐给反欺凌和脑损伤的慈善机构来帮助他人的感人故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As a result of the incident, Isabella suffered neck and back injuries. She also began experiencing sensitivity to light and noise, and severe headaches(由于这一事件，伊莎贝拉的颈部和背部受伤。她还开始对光线和噪音敏感，并开始严重头痛)”可知，事件发生后伊莎贝拉遭受了难以想象的痛苦。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Isabella has managed to remain positive despite her struggles. "I choose not to sit around doing nothing and feeling sorry for myself," she says. She finds strength from her faith as well as from the support of her family. (尽管经历了种种困难，伊莎贝拉还是保持乐观。我选择不坐着无所事事，自怨自艾，她说。她从自己的信仰和家人的支持中找到了力量)”以及“Isabella has not been able to engage in any of the activities she used to enjoy, but she has discovered a passion for baking. (伊莎贝拉已经不能参加任何她以前喜欢的活动，但她发现了烘焙的热情)”可知，伊莎贝拉开始做饼干让生活充实起来。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Isabella has managed to remain positive despite her struggles. "I choose not to sit around doing nothing and feeling sorry for myself," she says. She finds strength from her faith as well as from the support of her family. (尽管经历了种种困难，伊莎贝拉还是保持了乐观。我选择不坐着无所事事，自怨自艾，她说。她从自己的信仰和家人的支持中找到了力量)”可知，Isabella很坚定，以及文章倒数第四段“Isabella donates all of the profits from the sale of the cookies to anti-bullying and brain injury charities.(伊莎贝拉把饼干销售的所有利润都捐给了反欺凌和脑损伤慈善机构)”可知，Isabella关心他人。故选C。
C
The digital revolution has arrived. As automation becomes ever more common, even those professions once thought to be insulated from technological disruption（扰乱）face an uncertain future. Given that state of uncertainty, Northeastern University President Joseph Aoun argues that college graduates can no longer be confident that the job they hold will be financially sustainable for the long term. Automation, long a threat to low-skilled jobs, is now cost-effective in all repetitive work, including high-skilled jobs in health care, law, and research. Thus, for many the prospect of being replaced by a robot is more pressing.
To address this, it falls to higher education to prepare graduates for changes that are sweeping through the world of work. But how can institutions prepare the next generation, when it's not clear what professions will exist to employ them
Aoun argues that universities must reinvent themselves to address this age of disruption and to provide their students with the educational foundation that ensures their employability in the coming decades. To do so, he calls for higher education to focus on those features that separate humans from machines. He named this new framework "Humanics".
Aoun details a two-tiered（两层的）structure for Humanics and explains how these tiers work together to develop creativity in students. The first tier consists of 21st-century literacies that he argues must be central to any forward-thinking educational program. In addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic, Aoun argues that all students must be competent in data interpretation and analysis, technical functions like engineering, and human-centric studies such as design thinking and communication.
This first tier of literacies forms the basis for Aoun's second tier of cognitive（认知的） capacities. Systems thinking, critical thinking, and cultural awareness constitute the mind-sets that Aoun argues are critical to distinguishing human employees from machines. A student with these mind-sets can solve problems creatively while making logical judgments.
Having defined what a robot-proof education must involve, Aoun looks into how that education should be offered and what colleges and universities must do to meet the needs of a modern student body. He calls for higher education to fully accept experiential, lifelong learning. He argues that it is only through rich experiences that students can apply their 21st-century literacies to complex problems, which will eventually shape their mind-sets. This type of learning must be lifelong because the rapid rate of change that accompanies automation will require that students consistently refresh their skill sets
Aoun acknowledges that education will never be a cure-all for society's ills. A more practical approach might be to see Humanics not as a new medicine but rather as a supplement to our current educational system.
In an automated world, to prepare for the economic disruption such automation may cause, higher education must create a generation of graduates that is liberated to think creatively while continuing to function in more traditional capacities. Perhaps that will ensure workers and the universities that educate them are indeed robot proof.
27. What does the underlined word "insulated" in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Generated B. Sheltered C. Prohibited. D. Separated.
28. What can we learn about automation from the first two paragraphs
A. It has posed a threat to employment. B. It has made high-skilled jobs demanding.
C. It helps to fuel the process of digitalization. D. It promotes the development of new professions.
29. According to Joseph Aoun, institutions should________.
A. set the trend for automation B. provide a robot-proof education
C. redefine the framework of Humanics D. value cognitive capacities over literacies
30. What does the passage mainly discuss
A. Where is automation leading us B. What does Humanics mean to universities
C. Why is it critical to acquire higher education D. How can we get ready for an uncertain future
【答案】27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述在数字化革命到来后自动化已经威胁人们的职业，Joseph Aoun就这现象提出未来人工智能时代的教育。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第一段“The digital revolution has arrived. As automation becomes ever more common, even those professions once thought to be insulated from technological disruption face an uncertain future.”（数字化革命已经到来。随着自动化变得越来越常见，甚至那些曾经被认为将免于科技干扰的职业也将面临一个不确定的将来。）由本句中once thought和后面face an uncertain future推断前后句意应该发生转折，前面应该表示看好这些职业，原本认为这些职业不受科技影响。而A.Generated生产； B.Sheltered庇护；C. Prohibited禁止； D.Separated分离。故选B项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中“Automation, long a threat to low-skilled jobs, is now cost-effective in all repetitive work, including high-skilled jobs in health care, law, and research. Thus, for many the prospect of being replaced by a robot is more pressing.”（自动化一直以来就是对低技术工种的威胁，现在也在具有重复性的工种中也显得更划算，其中包括在医疗，法律和研究这是高技能的工作。因此，对于很多工种，被替代的可能性不容忽视。）可知，自动化已经威胁到人们的工作了。故选A项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。由文中“Having defined what a robot-proof education must involve, Aoun looks into how that education should be offered and what colleges and universities must do to meet the needs of a modern student body. ”（在定义未来人工智能时代的教育后，Aoun正在研究教育应该怎样提供以及学院和大学应该做什么来满足当代学生的需求。）以及文章最后一段“Perhaps that will ensure workers and the universities that educate them are indeed robot proof.”（可能那将确保工人，而且提供他们教育的大学是真正的未来人工智能时代的教育），可知，Aoun希望学院能提供robot-proof education。故选B项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第二段“ how can institutions prepare the next generation, when it's not clear what professions will exist to employ them ”（当还不清楚什么职业将会存在来雇佣他们，学院们怎么让下一代做好准备？）以后后文Aoun提出的robot-proof education可知，文章主要就我们应该怎么为未来的工作做好准备提出了观点。故选D项。
D
Lots of humans cannot resist interpreting dogs' faces in the terms defined by human languages. A puppy licking your cheek enthusiastically is giving a "kiss". If dogs could speak like their owners, many humans want to know, what would their dogs have to say
Into the market for answers step Christina Hunger, author of the book How Stella Learned to Talk, and Alexis Devine, the owner of Bunny, a TikTok star with over 6.3m followers. After careful training, both Stella and Bunny can paw a series of buttons that make a recorded voice speak one of several dozen programmed words. Both Ms. Devine and Ms. Hunger claim that their dogs are using language.
Human linguists tend to be skeptical of "talking" animals. To understand why, consider Noam Chomsky's critical review of "Verbal Behaviour" by B.F. Skinner, a pioneer in behavioral psychology. Skinner described human language acquisition as he did other learned behaviours: the strengthening of a response after conditioning with a stimulus. If saying "food" gets you food, you' re more likely to say it.
Skinner wrote that "if we are shown a prized work of art and shout ‘Beautiful!', the speed and energy of the response will have an effect on the owner." Mr. Chomsky noted that this reasoning might lead people "to cry out 'Beautiful' in a loud voice, repeatedly and with no delay". Real humans, by contrast, might in fact show appreciation through a long moment of silence, and then barely whispered praise.
Ms. Hunger came up with her button system after working with children who were not developing language normally und has helped many youngsters express themselves better(often with tablet computers). But some dog experts dislike the practice of forcing word-based communication onto dogs. By focusing on a basic kind of language that seems human, it ignores dogs' abilities to express themselves in their own ways.
Dogs are fond of sniffing each other, who are using sensitive noses to exchange information, about age, health and other things. Dogs urinate frequently not, as once assumed, primarily to claim territory, but to leave similar information for others.
Posture, too, conveys masses of information between dogs; eyes, ears and teeth contribute to a range of messages transmitted between them. Finally, their own vocalizations, though hardly of the words-and-syntax type that make up human language, are complicated.
Scientists have yet to report on the "talking" abilities of dogs like Stella and Bunny. In the meantime, ordinary owners can have a go at training their dogs with the advice Ms. Hunger offers. Or they can try another approach: buy one of the many good books on understanding how dogs naturally communicate, and spend the time they might invest in programming buttons on getting to know their pets instead. Even the best-trained dog is a poor conversationalist in human terms — but a brilliant one on their own.
31. Why does the author mention Stella and Bunny
A. To present an attempt. B. To put forward a theory.
C. To settle an argument. D. To prove an assumption.
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. Chomsky further developed behavioral psychology.
B. Devine's and Hunger's practices agree with Skinner's theory.
C. Language is acquired by strengthening a conditioned response.
D. Hunger's button system helps children to express themselves better.
33. According to the author, those who try to prove dogs' language ability________.
A. ignore dogs' psychological needs B. suggest a new way to get to know dogs
C. fail to acknowledge what makes a dog a dog D. believe dogs have their own language system
34. What message does the author convey to dog owners
A. A dog deserves more care and company.
B Training can help a dog learn human language.
C. Improving their understanding of pets is crucial.
D. Research on animal behavior still has a long way to go.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。很多人无法抗拒用人类语言定义的术语来解读狗的面部表情，于是两只狗的主人尝试通过训练自己的狗Stella和Bunny来训练狗说话，作者对此并不认同，说明了狗进行交流的一些方式以及对狗主人的建议。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“If dogs could speak like their owners, many humans want to know, what would their dogs have to say (如果狗能像主人一样说话，许多人想知道，他们的狗会说什么？)”以及第二段中“Into the market for answers step Christina Hunger, author of the book How Stella Learned to Talk, and Alexis Devine, the owner of Bunny, a TikTok star with over 6.3m followers.(《斯特拉如何学会说话》一书的作者Christina Hunger和TikTok明星、拥有超过630万粉丝的Bunny的主人Alexis Devine进入这一领域寻求答案)”可推知，作者提到Stella和Bunny是为了说明一次关于了解狗的语言的尝试。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After careful training, both Stella and Bunny can paw a series of buttons that make a recorded voice speak one of several dozen programmed words. Both Ms. Devine and Ms. Hunger claim that their dogs are using language.(经过精心训练，Stella和Bunny都可以用爪子抓住一系列按钮，让录制好的声音说出几十个编程单词中的一个。Devine和Hunger小姐都声称，他们的狗在使用语言)”以及第三段中“Skinner described human language acquisition as he did other learned behaviours: the strengthening of a response after conditioning with a stimulus. If saying "food" gets you food, you' re more likely to say it. (Skinner将人类语言习得描述为他所做的其他习得行为：在刺激条件反射后，强化反应。如果说“food”让你得到食物，你更有可能说出来)”可知，Devine和Hunger的实践与Skinner的理论一致。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“But some dog experts dislike the practice of forcing word-based communication onto dogs. By focusing on a basic kind of language that seems human, it ignores dogs' abilities to express themselves in their own ways.(但一些狗狗专家不喜欢强迫狗狗进行基于语言的交流。通过关注一种似乎是人类的基本语言，它忽略了狗狗以自己的方式表达自己的能力)”可推知，作者认为，试图证明狗的语言能力的人没有认识到狗之所以是狗的原因。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Or they can try another approach: buy one of the many good books on understanding how dogs naturally communicate, and spend the time they might invest in programming buttons on getting to know their pets instead. Even the best-trained dog is a poor conversationalist in human terms — but a brilliant one on their own. (或者，他们可以尝试另一种方法：买一本关于了解狗狗如何自然交流的好书，然后把时间花在编程按钮上，让他们了解自己的宠物。即使是最训练有素的狗，用人类的语言来说，也不善于交谈——但它们自己却很聪明)”可推知，作者向狗主人传达的信息是提高他们对宠物的理解是至关重要的。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Take back control
There are times in life when nothing seems to go to plan. The trip you were looking forward to is called off, your house sale falls through, and you haven't exercised in three weeks. All of these things have happened to me and, on occasion, at the same time.____35____ Either that, or you end up giving up and feeling like your life is always going to be full of problems.
So, how do you keep your calm in testing times, but also hold it together for long enough to pull yourself out Contrary to what you may think, I'm a believer in giving in to how you're feeling, at least for a moment.____36____
But how do you turn things around The first thing I do is write everything down. I draw a line down the middle of a page. On the left, I write down all the things that are stressing me out. On the right, I write down everything that needs to be done to fix these problems. Then, I look at the list and I cross out all the points over which I have no control.____37____ Next, I write down the possible actions against each point on the list. Finally, I force myself into taking action by picking up the phone and asking someone for help;____38____ After all, a problem shared is a problem halved.
In my experience the easiest way to keep calm is to regain control of your situation. When we feel out of control, we fall into a downward cycle, and taking back control stops this.
____39____ Finally, I remind myself of an age-old truth: this too shall pass.
A. I focus on the things that I can do something about.
B. We can think and worry about many things at the same time.
C. And the moment we start doing, we move away from thinking.
D. I always find that this simple act makes me fix things quicker.
E. The truth is, it's hard not to lose control of yourself in these moments.
F. Better to fall into it, accept the situation for what it is, then get back on your feet and go again.
G. No matter how bad things are, keeping your calm will always help you find a better outcome.
【答案】35. E 36. F 37. A 38. D 39. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明。作者就当我们生活中出现事情并不如计划时的情况给出一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据上文“There are times in life when nothing seems to go to plan. The trip you were looking forward to is called off, your house sale falls through, and you haven't exercised in three weeks. All of these things have happened to me and, on occasion, at the same time. (生活中总有一些时候，事情似乎无法按计划进行。你期待已久的旅行取消了，你的房子卖不出去了，你已经三个星期没有锻炼了。所有这些事情都发生在我身上，有时，同时发生)”及常识可知，E. The truth is, it's hard not to lose control of yourself in these moments.(事实是，在这些时刻你很难不失去控制)能够衔接上文，其中“in these moments”和前面的“there are times”对应。故选E。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Contrary to what you may think, I'm a believer in giving in to how you're feeling, at least for a moment.(与你所想的相反，我相信你会屈服于自己的感觉，至少在那一刻)”可知，我们会屈服于自己感受。由此可知，F. Better to fall into it, accept the situation for what it is, then get back on your feet and go again.(更好地陷入困境，接受现状，然后重新站起来，继续前行)符合语境，其中“accept the situation”与前文的“giving in to how you're feeling”相对应。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Then, I look at the list and I cross out all the points over which I have no control. (然后，我看着这个列表，划掉所有我无法控制的点)”及下文“Next, I write down the possible actions against each point on the list.(接下来，我写下针对列表上每个点可能采取的行动)”可知，此处指删除不能做的，做自己能做的。由此可知，A. I focus on the things that I can do something about.(我只关注我能做的事情)符合此处语境，其中“focus on the things that I can do something about”和前文“cross out all the points over which I have no control”对应。故选A。
【38题详解】
根据上文“I force myself into taking action by picking up the phone and asking someone for help(我强迫自己采取行动，拿起电话并向人们求助)”及下文“After all, a problem shared is a problem halved.(毕竟，分享一个问题就是问题的一半)”可知，打电话并向人们求助能够让自己的问题让他人分担一部分，解决起来应该就快一些了。由此可知，D. I always find that this simple act makes me fix things quicker.(我总是发现这个简单的动作能让我把事情处理得更快)符合此处语境。故选D。
【39题详解】
根据上文“In my experience, the easiest way to keep calm is to regain control of your situation.(以我经验，最方便的方式是保持冷静来重新控制你的情况) ”可知，此处讲述了保持冷静重要性。由此可知，G. No matter how bad things are, keeping your calm will always help you find a better outcome.(不管事情有多糟糕，保持冷静总是会帮助你找到更好的结果)符合此处语境，其中“keep calm”和G选项中“keeping your calm”相对应。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12外）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Since there seems to be an app for everything, it may come as no surprise that there is an app for cheating. But it isn't just one app. It's hundreds of companies and apps that can be used to complete students' homework, and even exams.
But what surprised me most as an educator playing this cat-and-mouse game for decades is that cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
Some companies offer monthly subscription formats, in which students pay $15 a month for round-the-clock access to resources including exam questions and homework "help". They also get on-demand access to many experts with advanced degrees in math, science and other subjects. These experts, available online 24/7, are the source of step-by-step answers.
As an unintended consequence of technology allowing remote learning and exams, students are finding more and more online venues allowing them to earn grades and diplomas by cheating.
How do we limit this global supply chain of cheating
The answer depends on the motivation behind the decision to cheat. Some students don't think of it as cheating, as they are paying a legit company for the service; many feel pressured to get the grades and so justify the means. Many students who are cheating avoid academic consequences, as there are few technology solutions to capture original answers provided by experts, and plagiarism-catching software can't detect original work bought by these students.
However, in 2020, lawmakers in some countries made it illegal to arrange or advertise for sale certain cheating services such as paid essay writing. Did it have an effect According to a study, many of the biggest and best-known essay mills are ending operations. But even then, fear of getting caught is probably not enough motivation to stop all cheating students. Thus, tackling this cheating requires a collective effort by educational institutions.
40. Why did the author feel shocked
41. How do you understand the underlined part in Para. 6
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it.
【答案】40. Because cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
41. They consider cheating in this way reasonable/acceptable.
42. Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it. According to the passage, technology allowing remote learning and exams makes online cheating widespread.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今可以用于作弊的应用程序让作者感到震惊，说明了其产生的原因以及如何限制这种全球供应链的作弊行为。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“But what surprised me most as an educator playing this cat-and-mouse game for decades is that cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.(但是，作为一个玩了几十年猫捉老鼠游戏的教育家，最让我惊讶的是，如今作弊正在全球范围内传播，而且受到了价值数十亿美元的公司的推动)”可知，作者感到震惊是因为欺诈现在在国际上蔓延，而且受到了价值数十亿美元的公司的推动。故答案为Because cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
【41题详解】
考查词句猜测。根据画线部分上文“Some students don't think of it as cheating, as they are paying a legit company for the service; many feel pressured to get the grades and so”可知，一些学生并不认为这是作弊，因为他们是在向合法的公司支付服务费用，很多人都有取得成绩的压力，所以这种方法是合理的。画线部分意思是“他们认为以这种方式作弊是合理的”。故答案为They consider cheating in this way reasonable/acceptable.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第四段“As an unintended consequence of technology allowing remote learning and exams, students are finding more and more online venues allowing them to earn grades and diplomas by cheating.”可知，随着技术的发展，远程学习和考试成为可能，学生们发现越来越多的在线场所允许他们通过作弊来获得成绩和文凭。故画线部分是“Students' academic pressure”，根据这篇文章，允许远程学习和考试的技术使得在线作弊变得普遍。故答案为Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it. According to the passage, technology allowing remote learning and exams makes online cheating widespread.
第二节（20分）
43. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim给你发来邮件，提到他申请2022年北京冬奥会志愿者落选，请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.建议以其它方式关注冬奥会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文：
Dear Jim,
I'm really sorry to hear that you didn't make it. It is natural to feel disappointed However, there is no need to worry, as there are various ways to get involved.
Even if you can't come in person, you can log onto the official website or apps to enjoy live or recorded broadcasts, which allows you to follow the events almost in real time. Also you can find reports on everyday life of the athletes in Beijing.
What's more, the audience are encouraged to share their comments on social media while enjoying the games. I think it might be interesting to share your thoughts online and meanwhile interact with both fans and athletes.
I believe you will enjoy yourself, so have fun in a new way!
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回邮件安慰他北京冬奥志愿者落选并建议其它方式让他关注冬奥。
【详解】1.词汇积累
不同的：various→different
参与：get involved → take part in
而且：What's more→besides
与此同时：meanwhile→at the same time
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I'm really sorry to hear that you didn't make it.
拓展句：Hearing that you didn’t make it, I am really sorry.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Even if you can't come in person, you can log onto the official website or apps to enjoy live or recorded broadcasts, which allows you to follow the events almost in real time.（运用了even if引导的让步状语从句；运用which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]What's more, the audience are encouraged to share their comments on social media while enjoying the games.（while引导状语从句使用了省略句）东城区2021-2022学年度第
高三英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sometimes the world gives us a small sign of encouragement, right when we need it the most.
Murphy lost her parents in her early 20s. Two years ago, she was ____1____ with finding happiness in her career. During walks on the beach she would talk to her parents in her head, seeking guidance about her career choices. “Since they weren’t with me ____2____ , I would ask for little signs in the form of heart-shaped rocks. When I would find one, I would feel connected to something outside of myself.” These small ____3____ made her feel like she wasn’t alone.
Once, during a trip, Murphy was moved by the way tiny courtesies like a smile made her feel more ____4____ in an unfamiliar country. She came back with—the understanding that small acts of kindness could have a big ____5____ .
One day, while walking on the beach, she suddenly came up with an idea of writing some encouraging messages on rocks. So she did it. She soon learned her small action was already making ripples (涟漪). That night a friend texted her a picture of a rock and said, “Was this you ” She had ____6____ Murphy because she knew Murphy walked along that same beach. Murphy was ____7____ by the way her friend said finding that rock had made her day.
Murphy became hooked on the idea that she could spread happiness through something as ____8____ as a rock with a message on it. She started leaving rocks in other places. With these rocks, she left a small sign encouraging others to leave a kindness rock somewhere else—“One rock, one person.” Murphy explains. “If a message ____9____ a person at the right time, or they join, it’s like a huge _____10_____ . It’ what our world needs right now.”
1. A. meeting B. struggling C. living D. engaging
2 A. mentally B. regularly C. physically D. temporarily
3. A. treasures B. incidents C. products D. tasks
4. A. awkward B. interested C. sensitive D. comfortable
5. A. success B. impact C. ambition D. purpose
6. A. suspected B. spotted C. favoured D. supported
7. A. reminded B. puzzled C. touched D. honored
8. A. rough B. basic C. hard D. simple
9. A. holds B. surprises C. warns D. hits
10. A. variety B. challenge C. connection D. satisfaction
第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Alex Weber and Jack Johnston were shocked when they discovered thousands of golf balls in the water when free diving in the Carmel Bay. ____11____ (concern), they learned that after a ball's outer plastic layer breaks down, its rubber band core falls apart into ____12____ looks like dried seagrass, which may be mistakenly eaten by birds and sea life. They ____13____ (start) the Plastic Pick-Up, a non-profit committed to keeping plastics pollution out of the ocean.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The 2021 International Confucius Cultural Festival was launched in September, ____14____ (feature) an international forum to discuss cultural civilizations and the Confucius Culture Week for Chinese and foreign students.
This annual festival ____15____ (include) both online and offline events, which are aimed at connecting Confucian culture ____16____ (fan) worldwide. Founded in 1989, it is one of the largest festivals nationally and internationally supported by tourism festivals integrating culture, tourism, and ____17____ (science)research with the aim of promoting ancient Chinese culture.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____18____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person ____19____ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support ____20____ (see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone's personality and might lend to losing friends.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂照。
A
"For years I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!"
Join millions of older Americans who are rediscovering the joy of walking!
The Perfect Walker is an innovative mobility device that can change your life. It enables you to stand upright when you walk-with your spine straight and your eyes looking straight ahead. Your weight is supported by your upper arms and shoulders, some of the strongest parts of your body. Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion. Its easy height-adjust system allows it to be the perfect height for anyone from 4'9" to 6'2"and supports up to 300 pounds. The new Stand Assist HandlesTM enable you to distribute your weight across your arms and shoulders, not your hands and wrists, to help reduce back, neck, wrist pain and discomfort. It features comfortable arm pads, hand brakes, a fold-down seat and storage area with a backrest. It's built with aircraft- grade aluminum to be strong yet lightweight, and its streamlined design and oversized wheels make it perfect for walking in the yard.
Why spend another day bent over and dragging yourself around—or worse yet, lying in front of the TV all day Pick up the phone and take back your life.
21. Who is talking about the Perfect Walker at the beginning
A. A user. B. The agent C. A doctor. D. The producer.
22. What is the Perfect Walker's biggest advantage over traditional ones
A. It serves a variety of functions. B. It's made of aircraft-grade material.
C. It features comfortable arm pads and a scat. D. It allows users to walk in an ordinary manner.
23. By dialing 1-888-235-1481, you can________.
A. place an order B. apply for membership C. ask for a free trial D. get a promotion code
B
Is it funny to pull a person's chair away just as he or she is about to sit down Some people would say yes. Anyone who has ever had it happened to him or her would definitely disagree.
Isabella "Izzy" Sementilli was in fifth grade when a classmate pulled her chair out from under her. As a result of the incident, Isabella suffered neck and back injuries. She also began experiencing sensitivity to light and noise, and severe headaches. The once-active tap dancer was banned from participating in all physical activities.
Unfortunately, her health did not improve with time. By eighth grade, her headaches were so severe that she was no longer able to attend school. She receives homeschooling which is cancelled on days when her headaches are unbearable.
Isabella has managed to remain positive despite her struggles. "I choose not to sit around doing nothing and feeling sorry for myself," she says. She finds strength from her faith as well as from the support of her family. She says, "I've missed out on everything." Isabella has not been able to engage in any of the activities she used to enjoy, but she has discovered a passion for baking. In 2014, she began baking cookies she calls Iznettes.
The cookies were so good that she began selling them. Isabella donates all of the profits from the sale of the cookies to anti-bullying and brain injury charities.
Isabella wants people to understand what life is like for someone with a brain injury “It's an invisible injury," she says. "No one sees the pain you are in. It's hard for people to understand. Everyone says that I look fine.
In 2017, she was chosen as a youth honoree by the Brain Injury Association of New York State. She has even had the opportunity to speak with elected officials about the challenges faced by those with brain injuries.
Isabella also hopes to educate people on the potentially disastrous impact of bullying. By sharing her story, she hopes to make a difference in the lives of others. It is her hope that no one else will suffer in the way that she has. "If I could help just one person, that would be amazing," she says.
24. What happened to Isabella after the incident
A. She could not socialize. B. She had to stop studying.
C. She received unfair treatment. D. She suffered unimaginable pains.
25. Why did Isabella start making cookies
A. To realize her potential B. To live life to the full.
C. To support her family. D. To donate to charities.
26. Which words can best describe Isabella
A. Friendly and committed. B. Optimistic and outgoing
C. Determined and caring D. Ambitious and frank.
C
The digital revolution has arrived. As automation becomes ever more common, even those professions once thought to be insulated from technological disruption（扰乱）face an uncertain future. Given that state of uncertainty, Northeastern University President Joseph Aoun argues that college graduates can no longer be confident that the job they hold will be financially sustainable for the long term. Automation, long a threat to low-skilled jobs, is now cost-effective in all repetitive work, including high-skilled jobs in health care, law, and research. Thus, for many the prospect of being replaced by a robot is more pressing.
To address this, it falls to higher education to prepare graduates for changes that are sweeping through the world of work. But how can institutions prepare the next generation, when it's not clear what professions will exist to employ them
Aoun argues that universities must reinvent themselves to address this age of disruption and to provide their students with the educational foundation that ensures their employability in the coming decades. To do so, he calls for higher education to focus on those features that separate humans from machines. He named this new framework "Humanics".
Aoun details a two-tiered（两层的）structure for Humanics and explains how these tiers work together to develop creativity in students. The first tier consists of 21st-century literacies that he argues must be central to any forward-thinking educational program. In addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic, Aoun argues that all students must be competent in data interpretation and analysis, technical functions like engineering, and human-centric studies such as design thinking and communication.
This first tier of literacies forms the basis for Aoun's second tier of cognitive（认知的） capacities. Systems thinking, critical thinking, and cultural awareness constitute the mind-sets that Aoun argues are critical to distinguishing human employees from machines. A student with these mind-sets can solve problems creatively while making logical judgments.
Having defined what a robot-proof education must involve, Aoun looks into how that education should be offered and what colleges and universities must do to meet the needs of a modern student body. He calls for higher education to fully accept experiential, lifelong learning. He argues that it is only through rich experiences that students can apply their 21st-century literacies to complex problems, which will eventually shape their mind-sets. This type of learning must be lifelong because the rapid rate of change that accompanies automation will require that students consistently refresh their skill sets
Aoun acknowledges that education will never be a cure-all for society's ills. A more practical approach might be to see Humanics not as a new medicine but rather as a supplement to our current educational system.
In an automated world, to prepare for the economic disruption such automation may cause, higher education must create a generation of graduates that is liberated to think creatively while continuing to function in more traditional capacities. Perhaps that will ensure workers and the universities that educate them are indeed robot proof.
27. What does the underlined word "insulated" in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A Generated B. Sheltered C. Prohibited. D. Separated.
28. What can we learn about automation from the first two paragraphs
A. It has posed a threat to employment. B. It has made high-skilled jobs demanding.
C. It helps to fuel the process of digitalization. D. It promotes the development of new professions.
29. According to Joseph Aoun, institutions should________.
A. set the trend for automation B. provide a robot-proof education
C. redefine the framework of Humanics D. value cognitive capacities over literacies
30. What does the passage mainly discuss
A. Where is automation leading us B. What does Humanics mean to universities
C. Why is it critical to acquire higher education D. How can we get ready for an uncertain future
D
Lots of humans cannot resist interpreting dogs' faces in the terms defined by human languages. A puppy licking your cheek enthusiastically is giving a "kiss". If dogs could speak like their owners, many humans want to know, what would their dogs have to say
Into the market for answers step Christina Hunger, author of the book How Stella Learned to Talk, and Alexis Devine, the owner of Bunny, a TikTok star with over 6.3m followers. After careful training, both Stella and Bunny can paw a series of buttons that make a recorded voice speak one of several dozen programmed words. Both Ms. Devine and Ms. Hunger claim that their dogs are using language.
Human linguists tend to be skeptical of "talking" animals. To understand why, consider Noam Chomsky's critical review of "Verbal Behaviour" by B.F. Skinner, a pioneer in behavioral psychology. Skinner described human language acquisition as he did other learned behaviours: the strengthening of a response after conditioning with a stimulus. If saying "food" gets you food, you' re more likely to say it.
Skinner wrote that "if we are shown a prized work of art and shout ‘Beautiful!', the speed and energy of the response will have an effect on the owner." Mr. Chomsky noted that this reasoning might lead people "to cry out 'Beautiful' in a loud voice, repeatedly and with no delay". Real humans, by contrast, might in fact show appreciation through a long moment of silence, and then barely whispered praise.
Ms. Hunger came up with her button system after working with children who were not developing language normally und has helped many youngsters express themselves better(often with tablet computers). But some dog experts dislike the practice of forcing word-based communication onto dogs. By focusing on a basic kind of language that seems human, it ignores dogs' abilities to express themselves in their own ways.
Dogs are fond of sniffing each other who are using sensitive noses to exchange information, about age, health and other things. Dogs urinate frequently not, as once assumed, primarily to claim territory, but to leave similar information for others.
Posture, too, conveys masses of information between dogs; eyes, ears and teeth contribute to a range of messages transmitted between them. Finally, their own vocalizations, though hardly of the words-and-syntax type that make up human language, are complicated.
Scientists have yet to report on the "talking" abilities of dogs like Stella and Bunny. In the meantime, ordinary owners can have a go at training their dogs with the advice Ms. Hunger offers. Or they can try another approach: buy one of the many good books on understanding how dogs naturally communicate, and spend the time they might invest in programming buttons on getting to know their pets instead. Even the best-trained dog is a poor conversationalist in human terms — but a brilliant one on their own.
31. Why does the author mention Stella and Bunny
A. To present an attempt. B. To put forward a theory.
C. To settle an argument. D. To prove an assumption.
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. Chomsky further developed behavioral psychology.
B Devine's and Hunger's practices agree with Skinner's theory.
C. Language is acquired by strengthening a conditioned response.
D. Hunger's button system helps children to express themselves better.
33. According to the author, those who try to prove dogs' language ability________.
A. ignore dogs' psychological needs B. suggest a new way to get to know dogs
C. fail to acknowledge what makes a dog a dog D. believe dogs have their own language system
34. What message does the author convey to dog owners
A. A dog deserves more care and company.
B. Training can help a dog learn human language.
C. Improving their understanding of pets is crucial.
D. Research on animal behavior still has a long way to go.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Take back control
There are times in life when nothing seems to go to plan. The trip you were looking forward to is called off, your house sale falls through, and you haven't exercised in three weeks. All of these things have happened to me and, on occasion, at the same time.____35____ Either that, or you end up giving up and feeling like your life is always going to be full of problems.
So, how do you keep your calm in testing times, but also hold it together for long enough to pull yourself out Contrary to what you may think, I'm a believer in giving in to how you're feeling, at least for a moment.____36____
But how do you turn things around The first thing I do is write everything down. I draw a line down the middle of a page. On the left, I write down all the things that are stressing me out. On the right, I write down everything that needs to be done to fix these problems. Then, I look at the list and I cross out all the points over which I have no control.____37____ Next, I write down the possible actions against each point on the list. Finally, I force myself into taking action by picking up the phone and asking someone for help;____38____ After all, a problem shared is a problem halved.
In my experience, the easiest way to keep calm is to regain control of your situation. When we feel out of control, we fall into a downward cycle, and taking back control stops this.
____39____ Finally, I remind myself of an age-old truth: this too shall pass.
A. I focus on the things that I can do something about.
B. We can think and worry about many things at the same time.
C. And the moment we start doing, we move away from thinking.
D. I always find that this simple act makes me fix things quicker.
E. The truth is, it's hard not to lose control of yourself in these moments.
F. Better to fall into it, accept the situation for what it is, then get back on your feet and go again.
G. No matter how bad things are, keeping your calm will always help you find a better outcome.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12外）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Since there seems to be an app for everything, it may come as no surprise that there is an app for cheating. But it isn't just one app. It's hundreds of companies and apps that can be used to complete students' homework, and even exams.
But what surprised me most as an educator playing this cat-and-mouse game for decades is that cheating is now spreading internationally and powered by billion-dollar companies.
Some companies offer monthly subscription formats, in which students pay $15 a month for round-the-clock access to resources including exam questions and homework "help". They also get on-demand access to many experts with advanced degrees in math, science and other subjects. These experts, available online 24/7, are the source of step-by-step answers.
As an unintended consequence of technology allowing remote learning and exams, students are finding more and more online venues allowing them to earn grades and diplomas by cheating.
How do we limit this global supply chain of cheating
The answer depends on the motivation behind the decision to cheat. Some students don't think of it as cheating, as they are paying a legit company for the service; many feel pressured to get the grades and so justify the means. Many students who are cheating avoid academic consequences, as there are few technology solutions to capture original answers provided by experts, and plagiarism-catching software can't detect original work bought by these students.
However, in 2020, lawmakers in some countries made it illegal to arrange or advertise for sale certain cheating services such as paid essay writing. Did it have an effect According to a study, many of the biggest and best-known essay mills are ending operations. But even then, fear of getting caught is probably not enough motivation to stop all cheating students. Thus, tackling this cheating requires a collective effort by educational institutions.
40. Why did the author feel shocked
41. How do you understand the underlined part in Para. 6
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Students' academic pressure makes online cheating widespread and some measures have been taken to fight it.
第二节（20分）
43. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim给你发来邮件，提到他申请2022年北京冬奥会志愿者落选，请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.建议以其它方式关注冬奥会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
