外研版英语中考语法专项——主谓一致与there be句型 知识梳理+实战演练(含答案)

文档属性

名称 外研版英语中考语法专项——主谓一致与there be句型 知识梳理+实战演练(含答案)
格式 doc
文件大小 1.5MB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 外研版
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-02-08 20:56:59

图片预览

文档简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
外研版英语中考语法专项
主谓一致与there be句型
主谓一致
常见考点记忆导图
语法精讲
概念 在英语中,句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的一致关系,叫主谓一致。这种关系通常要遵循下面三条原则。
使用原则 语法一致原则 主谓在语法上一致即谓语动词与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。1. 在主语后如跟有with, except, together with等连接的短语时,谓语动词的人称和数仍应与原来的主语保持一致,而不应受这些短语的影响。如:①Mr. Green with two books in his hand is standing outside the classroom. 格林先生手里拿着两本书正站在教室外面。②All the students except Lin Tao are planting trees on the hills. 除了林涛以外所有的学生都在小山上植树。2. 用“every/each/no/many a/a great deal of+名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数,而“a great many/a great number of等+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词则用复数。如:①Many a student and teacher is watching the football match. 许多学生和老师正在观看足球比赛。②A great number of students like traveling with their parents. 很多学生喜欢和家长一起旅行。3. “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后面名词的数。但注意population一词:用作整体概念时,其谓语动词用单数形式;当意为“人口中的一部分”时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:①50 percent of the water is not very fresh. 50%的水已经不新鲜了。②50 percent of the students come from Shanghai. 50%的学生来自上海。③The population of China is about 1.4 billion and about 70% of the population are peasants.中国大约有14亿人口,约70%的人口是农民。
使用原则 意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据句子意思确定主语的人称和数应是单数还是复数,从而谓语动词应与其保持一致。1. 注意一些以-s结尾的名词。如表示学科名称的名词physics等为单数名词,而news为不可数名词,它们在句中作主语时,谓语动词都应用第三人称单数形式。但trousers, shoes, glasses等均为复数名词,它们在句中作主语时,谓语动词只可用复数形式。不过,当它们前面有a/this pair of等修饰时,后面的谓语动词则需用单数形式。如:①I don’t think the news in the newspaper is true. 我认为报纸上的这条消息不是真的。②Physics is a very useful subject. 物理学是一门非常有用的学科。③This pair of trousers is Lucy’s. Your trousers are on your bed. 这条裤子是露西的。你的裤子在你的床上。2. 表示时间、长度、价格、重量等的短语作主语时,应将它们作为一个整体看待。即使其中的名词为复数名词,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。如:①Three years has already passed quickly. 三年的时间很快就过去了。②Fifty yuan is enough. 五十元足够了。3. family, class, group等词在句中作主语时,当它们表示其中的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:①His family is moving next month. 他家下个月要搬家了。②His family enjoy watching football matches. 他全家都爱看足球比赛。4. people一词在表示“人”之意时,总是表示复数意义,而没有单数意义。如:Look!Three American people are standing under that tree. 看!三个美国人正站在那棵树下。5. 由every, some, any, no等构成的复合不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。如:①Everything begins to grow fast in spring. 春天万物都开始迅速生长。②Nobody wants to make friends with him. 没有人想和他交朋友。6. “the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,当其在句中作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。如:The Blacks enjoy working in China. 布莱克一家喜欢在中国工作。7. “neither+单数名词”或“neither of+复数名词”在句中作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:①Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。②Neither of the twins likes bread. 那对双胞胎都不喜欢吃面包。8. 动名词、动词不定式或从句在句子中作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。如:①Climbing hills is better than having classes. 爬山比上课好些。②To do is much more difficult than to say. 做比说难得多。9. none作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。如:①None knows/know a great deal about this experiment. 没有一个人对这项实验知道得很多。②None has/have been found. 一个也没找到。10. “the+形容词/-ed分词”这一表示一类人的结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:①The young are looking forward to the future while the old are recalling the past. 年轻人展望未来,而老年人回顾过去。 ②The injured have been taken to hospital. 伤员已被送往医院。11. 定语从句中的主谓一致。如:①The boy who always comes to school first is my cousin. 经常第一个到校的男孩是我堂兄(弟)。②I love movies that are educational. 我喜欢有教育意义的电影。
就近原则 就近原则即谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。有下面几种情况:1. 在there be 句型中或以here开头的句子中,谓语动词be应与后面的名词保持一致,当后面的名词不止一个时,be的人称和数应与和其最靠近的那个名词的人称和数保持一致。如:①There are twenty-two boys and twenty girls in our class. 我们班有22名男生和20名女生。②There is a car and two jeeps behind the house. 房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。③Here are two oranges and some milk. 这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。2. either... or... (或者……或者……), neither... nor... (……和……都不……), ... or... (……或者……), not only... but also... (不但……而且……)等平行结构,连接并列主语时谓语动词的数应和与之靠近的一个主语保持一致。如:①Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午你或他有一个必须待在家里。②Neither he nor I am a student now. 他和我现在都不是学生了。
there be句型
常见考点记忆导图
语法精讲
there be句型 1. 基本结构:there be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间,表示“在某地/某时有某人/物”。(1)be动词有“单复数”和“时态”的变化。(2)be动词还可用used/seem/happen to be, is likely to be或半系动词go, stand等。注:there be与have的区别2. 如何判断be动词的数?看名词。如:①There is a book on the desk. (可数名词单数)②There is some water in the bottle. (不可数名词)③There are some pictures on the wall. (可数名词复数)④There is a desk and fifty-five chairs here. (并列主语,就近原则)⑤There are fifty-five chairs and a desk here. (并列主语,就近原则)3. there be句型的不同句式(1)否定句:be动词后加not, no或not any。如:There isn’t any water in the bottle. =There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没水。(2)一般疑问句:be动词提到句首,some变any,其他都不变。如:There are some flowers in the garden. 花园里有一些花。→Are there any flowers in the garden 花园里有花吗?4. there be句型不同时态或形式的变化(1)一般将来时:There will be或There is/are going to be...。如:There will/is going to be a new film on Monday. 周一将有部新电影。(2)一般过去时:There was/were(used to be)...。如:①There used to be several houses behind the two buildings. 过去有几间房子在这两幢楼的后面。②There was a sports meeting yesterday. 昨天有场运动会。(3)现在完成时:There have/has been...。如:There have been a lot of accidents around here. 这附近有过许多事故发生。(4)含情态动词:There+情态动词+be...。如:There must be a mistake somewhere. 一定是某些地方出了差错。拓展:there be+sb./sth.+doing sth.意为“有某人/某物正在做某事”。doing在句中表示sb.或sth.正在发出的动作,作定语。如:There is a bird singing in the tree. 树上有只鸟正在唱歌。
实战演练
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
A组
1. There______________ (be) places to play ball games so far like tennis and basketball.
2. The silk scarf is pretty and______________ (match) her blue coat very well.
3. —What do you think of the environment here, Mr. Wang
—Wonderful!Two fifths of the land______________ (be) covered with trees and grass.
4. Not only children but also my husband (be) crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea.
5. —Look!There is a man______________ (perform) Taiji near the river.
—Wow!It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu.
6. The girl who is standing under the tree (like) dancing very much.
B组
7. (嘉兴、舟山中考)We only talk to each other when the waiter______________ (show) us the menu.
8. Nobody but two boys______________ (be) late for class yesterday.
9. Either Eve or Herb______________ (have) been invited by Lucy’s parents already.
10. —What______________ (be) the number of the students in your school
—About two thousand. A number of them______________(be) from England.
11. Everyone except Tom and John______________ (have) seen the film.
12. Swimming in the pool with friends______________ (be) very interesting.
13. We can clearly see that Mongolia______________ (lie) between China and Russia on the map.
14. —Who do you think can be a good accountant, Lisa or I
—Accountants should be careful enough. Neither you nor Lisa______________ (be) suitable, I’m afraid.
15. There______________ (be) many things to enjoy about traveling, including the natural beauty and delicious food.
参考答案
第34课 主谓一致与there be句型
实战演练
1. have been 2. matches 3. is 4. is 5. performing 6. likes
7. shows 8. was 9. has 10. is, are 11. has
12. is 【解析】“swimming in the pool with friends”是动名词短语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
13. lies 14. is 15. are
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)