中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
外研版英语中考语法专项
状语从句
常见考点记忆导图
语法精讲
概念 用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句和方式状语从句。
分类 时间状语从句 1. 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。如:It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday. 昨天我们到学校的时候,雨下得很大。2. 在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,而用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。如:I’ll ring you upas soon as I get to New York. 我一到纽约就给你打电话。3. 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词;如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……;在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间性动词。如:①The young man read till the light went out. 这个年轻人看书一直到熄灯。②The young man didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. 这年轻人直到他妈妈回来才去睡觉。
条件状语从句 1. 条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。如:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow 如果明天下雪,我们该做什么?2. 在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。如:I’ll help you with yourEnglish if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空,我会帮助你学习英语的。3. “祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。如:Hurry up, or you’llbe late.=You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up. 快点,否则你会迟到的。=如果你不快点,你将会迟到。
原因状语从句 1. 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。如:He didn’t come to school because he was ill. 他没来上学是因为他病了。2. because表示直接原因,语气最强,because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。as和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。如:Since we have no money, we can’t buy it. 因为我们没钱,所以我们不能买这个。
结果状语从句 1. 结果状语从句由so... that, such... that, so that引导。如:He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son. 他太穷以至于买不起一辆自行车给他儿子。2. so... that与such... that可以互换。在由so... that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是:... so+形容词(副词)+that从句.。如:He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. 他太高兴以至于一句话也说不出来。3. such与名词连用,其结构是:... such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that从句.。如:He is such a good boy thateveryone likes him. 他是如此好的一个男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。
比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由as... as,比较级+than... 等引导。如:Tom runs faster than John does. 汤姆比约翰跑得快。
目的状语从句 1. 目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导。如:We started early so that we could catch the first train. 我们早点出发以便于赶上首班火车。2. so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:(1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等;(2)从意思上看,目的状语从句表示的目的往往很明确。如:①Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)讲得清楚点以便他们能听懂你。②Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)杰克病得很严重以至于他不得不休息。
让步状语从句 1. 让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。如:Though he is young, he knows a lot. 尽管他还年轻,但他懂得很多。2. although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。我们不能说:Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.,应该说:Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. 尽管雨下得很大,但他还是出去了。
地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where, wherever, everywhere来引导。如:①Go where you like. 去你喜欢的地方。②Wherever he goes, I will go. 不管他去哪里,我也会去。
方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词(词组)有as, like, as though, as if, the way等。如:①Leave the things as they are. 别动那些东西。②I remember the whole thing, as if it happened yesterday. 我从头至尾记着这件事,好像它是昨天发生的一样。
实战演练
用适当的连词填空
1. We can’t keep up with the developing situation______________ we study hard enough.
2. I was______________ frightened that I ran fast.
3. —Many teenagers like junk food so much.
—Yes,______________ it’s bad for health.
4. They develop their skills______________ they can do things better and better.
5. We have been good friends______________ we joined the same ping-pong team.
6. —The plane won’t take off______________ the thick clouds move away.
—Let’s wait patiently for the announcement from the airport.
参考答案
第37课 状语从句
实战演练
1. unless 2. so 3. though/although
4. so that 【解析】句意为“他们拓展技能是为了能够把事情做得越来越好”。后面的从句表示目的。
5. since 6. until/till
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