中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版英语科目八年级下册第三课时教学设计
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A(grammar focus-4c)
课题 Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. 单元 第二单元 学科 英语 年级 八年级
学习目标与核心素养 1. 1) 学习掌握下列词汇：sign, sick, raise, alone 2）进行一步复习巩固学习Section A 部分所学的生词和词组。3）对动词不定式的用法进行归纳总结，掌握其规则。4) 通过不同方式的练习，来熟练运用本单元出现的词组及动词不定式。2. 使学生在谈论如何为别人提供帮助的对话中能意识到尽己所能，帮助他人，乐于奉献是一种良好的品德，培养学生为他人着想，热爱公益事业，乐于助人的优良品质。
重点 教学重点：1) 复习巩固Section A 部分所学的生词和词组，达到熟练运用的目标。2) 掌握和运用动词不定式的用法。
难点 教学难点：1) 掌握学过的后面跟不定式做宾语的动词。2) 掌握动词不定式作不同的句子成份。
教学过程
Step 1 Revision Complete the sentences.Mario and Mary ____ ___ several hours each week __ ____ others. Mario wants __ ___ an animal doctor. He _________ at an animal hospital. He wants __ _____ more about ____ __ care for animals. Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself __ ___ ____ of four. Last year, she decided __ ___ ___ for a volunteer after-school _______ program. Mary still works there once a week __ ____ kids _____ __ read. Volunteering here is a dream come true for her. She can what she _____ ___ ___and helps others at the same time. Can you tell something about Mary to us Answers: give up, to help, to be, volunteers, to learn, how to, at the age, to try out, reading, to help, learn to, loves to doStep 2 Grammar focus1. 阅读Grammar Focus中的句子，然后做填空练习。① 我想去帮助无家可归的人。 I’d ____ ___ ______ homeless people. ② 你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童并让他们变得更高兴。 You could _____ hospital ___ ____ you visit the kids and cheer them up. ③ 他自愿一周去那里一次去帮助孩子们学习读书 She ________ there once a week ____ ______ kids learn to read.④ 他决定参加一个志愿者课后阅读节目的选拔。 She _______ ______ try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. ⑤ 马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。 Mario believes it can help him _____ _____ his future dream job. ⑥ 我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。 I’m making some sings _____ _____ _____ around the school.2. 学生们根据记忆，看大屏幕来完成填空练习。3. 学生们完成填空试题后，可以打开课本检查答案，对错误的句子，单独进行强化记忆。Step 3 New words Look at the big screen and learn the new words and expressions: 1. raise v. 募集；征集 e.g. They sold something to raise money. 他们卖掉一些东西来募集钱。 2. alone adj. adv. 独自；单独 e.g. I don’t like to go out alone at night. 我不喜欢晚上独自一人外出。辨析：lonely 与 alone lonely 情感上的孤独，寂寞。alone 独自一人（单不定感觉寂寞）。e.g. Linda was alone in the house. 琳达独自一人呆在房子里。She lives alone and often feels lonely. 她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。Step 4 动词不定式用法小结： 观察下列不定式在句中的作用。1. To see is to believe. 主语，表语2. Tom wants to see an alien. 宾语3. My brother got up early to watch the final soccer game on TV. 目的状语4. He was too excited to say a word. 结果状语5. The sad movie made us cry. 宾语补主语6. It is important for us to drink enough water. 真正的主语解释：1. 做动词宾语。常见动词有would like, want, help, learn, hope, decide, volunteer。e.g. We don’t want to spend too much money. 我们不想花费太多钱。2. 作宾语补足语。常见动词有 ask, want, tell, invite, like, hate。e.g. Mr. Li asked the students to copy the text. 李老师让学生们抄写课文。3. 作目的状语。 e.g. Jack turned his head around to look at people. 杰克转过头看向人群。4. 作后置定语。 e.g. Claire missed a great chance to make a lot of money. 克莱尔错过了一个赚大钱的机会。5. 动词help及一些役使动词后面常省略to。 e.g. My mother wouldn’t let me go to the movie. 妈妈不会让我去看电影的。6. It做形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式。 e.g. It is important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对我们来说很重要。Step 5 Practice 1. 4a: Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box. 1) Tell Ss to read the sentences in 4a and try to fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box. 2) 方法指导：首先，先阅读所给的词组，明确每个词组的意思。 其次，通读全句，理解大意；然后，根据句意及句子中上下文意的提示来确定空格处的意思。3) 同学们，按老师指导的方法进行阅读，并逐句推敲每空应填什么词组，在实际的运用中提高自己的阅读能力、分析能力及综合运用能力。 4) 最后，教师与同学们一起校对答案，并对学生们有疑问的地方进行解释，或作出合理的分析。Answers: put off; call up; come up with; cheer up; put up; hand out; give out2. 4b: Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.1) 让学生们阅读表格中词语，明确每个单词的意思，为进行填词做好准备。2) 通读全文，理解短文大意。3) 逐句进行分析推敲，确定空格处的意思，并尝试用空格中的单词填空。4) 最后，通读一遍短文，进行综合理解，看短文内容是否通顺，合理。5) Check the answers with the Ss. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1.____ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 2. ____ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do 3. _____ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4. ______ our free time. For example, we can make plans 5.________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year 6. ________ to another country, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.Answers: 1: to make; 2: to do; 3: to help; 4: to spend; 5: to visit; 6: to move3. 4c: Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.1) 让一名学生读每个句子的内容。告诉学生们用自己的真实想法来完成句子。2) 可以先让学生们看大屏幕的图片提示，来发表自己的打算。3) 提示学生们运用正确的动词不定式形式。4) 让学生们自主发挥，造句子。 (最后，让几名学生说自己的句子，并纠正有错误的地方）1. I’d like to volunteer _____________________________________________ 2. At 12: 00 a.m., I called my friend ____________________________________3. I’m very busy but I could help __________________________________ 4. Summer vacation is coming. and I want __________________________5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) ___________________ Answers: 1: to help kids with their homework. 2: to play soccer together in the afternoon. 3: take the trash out after dinner.4: to go camping with my friends.5: not to do that.
课堂小结 phrasal verbsthe usage of infinitives
板书 学习掌握下列词汇：sign, sick, raise, alone
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人教版 八年级下
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Period(Three) SectionA(grammar focus-4c)
Lead in
Learning objects
Objectives
To learn phrasal verbs
To learn the usage of infinitives
I’d like to help homeless people.
Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
1. 我想去帮助无家可归的人。
I’d __________ homeless people.
2. 你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童, 逗他们开心。
You could ____ hospitals _____ you
visit the kids and cheer them up.
ask to let
like to help
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
3. 她自愿一周去一次那里帮助孩子们
学习读书。
She __________ there once a week _______ kids learn to read.
volunteers
4. 她决定参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者选拔。
She decided to __________ a volunteer after-school reading program.
to help
try out for
5. 马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。
Mario believes it can help him _______ his future dream job.
6. 我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。
I’m making some signs __________ around the school.
to get
to put up
Grammar Focus
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
这些动词不定式结构分别在句中充当什么成分？
动词不定式
I’d like to (do)… ask sb. to (do)…
let sb. do… volunteer…to help sb.(do)…
decide to do… help sb. to do…
动词短语
cheer…up try out put up
Grammar analysis
动词不定式
1.定义
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。
2.构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do 。
He wants to sit. Tell him not to live alone.
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
3.用法
一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：学外语很有用。
To learn foreign languages is very useful.
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。
=It’s very useful to learn foreign languages.
作主语
【浙江衢州中考】
It’s a bad habit to ____ what you can do today
until tomorrow.
A. write down B. talk about
C. worry about D. put off
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want/plan/agree/learn/
hope/refuse/decide to do 等。
另一种是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语。
例：他教我如何使用手机。
He taught me how to use mobile phone.
作宾语
主语+谓语+ to do
常用it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式放在后面作真正的宾语。
我认为锻炼很有帮助。
I think it helpful to do exercise.
【山东菏泽中考】
—Have you decided when ____
—Yes, tomorrow morning.
A. will you leave B. are you leaving C. to leave
典例剖析
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有tell, ask, want, teach, promise, expect, wish, invite, would like等。
例：他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。
They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.
作宾语补足语
一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear)
三让(let, make, have )四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help) (即在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。
help后的不定式可省略to，也可以带上to。
例：我哥哥经常帮助我做家务。
My brother often helps me (to) do the housework.
【上海中考】
Doctors tell us _______ our hands before and after every meal.
A. wash B. washed
C. washing D. to wash
典例剖析
在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at 之后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例：半小时前我看见她离开了。
I saw her leave half an hour ago.
一、主语是不定式(表条件)；表语也是不定式(表结果)
例：工作意味着谋生。
To work means to earn a living．
二、动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：My job/
dream/goal/aim is…
例：他的梦想是在不久的将来出国学习。
His dream is to study abroad in the near future．
作表语
动词不定式作定语时，应放于被修饰的名词或代词之后。例：我想吃点东西。
I want to have something to eat.
她得到一份照顾一位老人的工作。
She got a job to take care of an old man.
作定语
动词不定式可用来作目的状语（放在句首或句尾），原因状语（跟在作表语的形容词后面）和结果状语（用在too…to结构中）。
She raised her voice to be heard better．
I’m sorry to trouble you.
She is too young to go to school.
作状语
目的状语
原因状语
结果状语
动词短语
动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的短语称为动词短语，其作用和动词差不多，有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词。
1
定义
①“动词+副词”型
考点：名词作宾语时，可放在动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时只能放在动词和副词之间。此类副词有out, up, down, away, off, in, along 等。
give away 赠送；捐赠 give out 分发；散发
give up 放弃 put off 推迟
pick up 捡起 fix up 修理；装饰
2
类别
②“动词+介词”型
相当于及物动词，其后必须有宾语，且宾语总是位于介词之后。此类介词有for, after, about, of, from, to, with, at 等。
care for 照顾；非常喜欢 wait for 等待
laugh at 嘲笑 look after 照顾；照料
agree with 同意 look for 寻找；寻求
③“动词+副词+介词”型
相当于及物动词，动词、副词和介词紧密结合，宾语总是位于介词之后。
come up with 想出 catch up with 赶上
look forward to盼望 keep away from 远离
run out of 用完；耗尽
④“动词+名词”型
此类短语动词中的常见动词有have, take, tell, make等。
have a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步
take place 发生 tell a lie 撒谎
make mistakes 犯错误
⑤“动词+名词+介词”型
只作及物动词。名词前可加形容词，宾语总是位于介词之后。
make friends with 与……交朋友 make fun of 取笑
pay attention to 注意 have a look at 看一看
take care of 照顾
⑥“be动词+形容词+介词”型
相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词的后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义所在。
be different from 与……不同 be friendly to 对……友好
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be famous for 因……而著名
典例剖析
【滨州中考】
—Tom, it smells so terrible here.
—Sorry, Mum. I will ______ my socks and wash them right away.
A. put off B. take off
C. turn off D. cut off
4a
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
put up, hand out, call up, cheer up,
come up with, give out, put off
1. I want to _______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
put off
2. She hopes to ______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
call up
put up, hand out, call up, cheer up,
come up with, give out, put off
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to ________ sick children because they are often sad.
come up with
cheer up
4. We decided to ________ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _________ the money from the sale to homeless people.
put up
hand out
give out
put up, hand out, call up, cheer up,
come up with, give out, put off
help move do make visit spend
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do _________ others.
4b
to do
to help
to make
不定式作后置定语
复合不定式作宾语
目的状语
There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _________ our free time. For example, we can make plans __________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year ________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
help move do make visit spend
to visit
to move
to spend
定语
宾语补足语
目的状语
1. I’d like to volunteer _________________
___________________________________
2. At 12: 00 a.m., I called my friend __________________________________
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
to help kids with
their homework.
to play soccer together in the afternoon.
4c
3. I’m very busy but I could help ____
______________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I
want __________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents
told me (not) ___________________
take
the litter out after dinner.
to do that.
to go camping with my friends.
future dream job
梦寐以求的工作
了解某事/某人
一种强烈的满足感
油然而生
愉悦的神情
get a strong feeling of satisfaction
learn about sth./sb.
the look of joy
好起来
尝试
走向不同的
旅程
梦想成真
a dream come true
get better
try out
go on a different
journey
Exercise
1. Jack is the ______ (own) of the building.
2. You hurt my _______ (feel). Please go away.
3. We should try our best to help these ________ (home) people.
4. We plan ________ (raise) money to help the little poor girl.
owner
feelings
homeless
to raise
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. My sister can speak______ languages. She can
speak English, Spanish and Japanese.
A. several B. few C. all
2. After two years’ physical training, he was _______ and healthier.
A. weaker B. longer
C. stronger D. shorter
二、单项选择。
3. ________ the age of seven, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.
A. In B. At
C. On D. For
4. It is very relaxing to listen to light music by oneself. (同义替换)
A. together B. lonely
C. alone D. again
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.phpUnit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (grammar focus-4c)练习
一.翻译下列词组：
_______________ 张贴 2. ________________ 担心
3.________________ 分发 4. __________________打电话
5.________________ 想出 6. ___________推迟
7._______________ 赚钱 8._________________ 作为娱乐
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. My brother wants ___________ (be) a pilot.
2. He volunteers ___________ (work) in the school.
3. Mike taught his grandpa how ___________ (use) the computer.
4. Mr. Smith helped the young man ___________ (find) a job.
5. The students decided ___________ (work) out the problem by themselves.
三.根据汉语意思完成句子
我想去帮助无家可归的人。
I’d like ______________ people.
我们决定去上海度假。
We ______________ to Shanghai on vacation.
3. 我希望他当科学家的梦想将会实现。
I hope his dream of becoming a scientist ______________.
4. 他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。
He looks sad. Let’s ______________.
5. 暑假要来了,我将能够去游泳了。
Summer vacation ______________ and I will be able to swim.
四．用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. Mother told me _______（ not play ） in the street yesterday.
2. I would like _______ (go ) to Beijing next year.
3. Now it’s time for class. Let’s stop _______ ( talk ).
4. We want to raise money for _______ (home) people.
5. At last, he ______( catch ) up with a good idea.
五．同义句转换
1. He doesn’t know when he should go there.
He doesn’t know __________ go there.
2. They made a decision to travel abroad.
They __________ travel abroad.
3. The writer became famous when he was twenty-four years old.
The writer became famous __________ of twenty-four.
4. Can you care for my pet while I am away
Can you __________ my pet while I am away
5. Mario would like to be an animal doctor.
Mario __________ be an animal doctor.
六. 单项填空
1. His parents live _______ in a small house, but they don’t feel _______.
A. lonely, alone B. alone, lonely C. lonely, lonely D. alone, alone
2.—_______ a volunteer is great.
—I think so. Some of us want _______ volunteers for Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games.
A. Being, being B. Be, being C. Being, to be D. Be, to be
3. The man works hard _______ much money. He wants his son to get a good education.
A. make B.to buy C. buy D.to make
4. What bad weather it was! We decided _______.
A.to go out B. not to go out C.to not go out D. not going out
5. Reading aloud every morning is a good way _______ your English.
A.to improve B. improve C. improving D.to improves
参考答案
一 1 put up 2 worry about 3 hand out/give out
4 call up 5 come up with 6 put off 7 make money 8 for fun
二 1.to be 2.to work 3.to use 4.(to) find 5.to work
三 1.to help homeless 2.decided to go 3.will come true 4.cheer him up 5.is coming
四 1 not to play 2 to go 3 talking 4 homeless 5 caught
五1 when to 2 decided to 3 at the age
4. look after/ take care of 5. want to
六. 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A
