2022届高考英语二轮专题语法总复习第六章介词含例题和习题课件（30张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮专题语法总复习第六章介词含例题和习题课件（30张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-02-12 10:40:15 | ||
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(共30张PPT)
六、介词和介词短语
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率非常高。介词往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句等一起构成介词短语，以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在语法填空题中重点考查考生根据语境灵活运用介词的能力。考生应注意总结介词与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
I. 介词分类：
Ⅱ.常用介词的意思
介词 用法
with ①和……一起；随着……
②因为……
③具有/带有……；with复合结构
at ①表示片刻的时间点
②表示“在某处”，指在一个较小的地点
③表示产生某种情绪的原因，意为“因为……而……”“一听到/看到/想到……就……”
in ①表方位，在某范围内，特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容，要用in
②表时间，后接表时间段的名词短语，指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作
③表示材料、语言、方式、声音
介词 用法
on ①表示时间，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning与on the morning of 1st, May的区别
②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻
③表示与某一方面内容相关，意为“关于”
④与名词或动名词连用，意为“一……就……”
from 表示“来自”或“从……时间开始”
through ①表示从事物内部穿过，与介词in有关
②表示通过，凭借
across 从事物的表面通过，与介词on有关
介词 用法
over ①表示在表面的正上方，与under相对
②表示“从某事物上方越过”
③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆盖
④与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用，表示“经过、跨过某一个时间段”
beyond ①表示方位，意为“超过，在……较远的一边”
②表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围
for ①表示“对于，至于，适合于”
②表示“为了(目的)；支持”
against ①表示“反对，反抗，违背”
②表示“倚，靠，逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与……相对抗”
Ⅲ.常用介词区别：
含介词的搭配
1．介词与名词类
at breakfast在吃早饭；at home在家里；at the cinema在电影院；by accident偶然；access to能够进入；能够使用；attitude to/towards对……的态度；effect on对……的影响；lack of缺乏。
2．动词＋介词类
worry about为……担忧；talk about谈论；hear about听说；laugh at嘲笑；smile at对……微笑；shout at对……大喊；knock at敲击；hear from收到……的来信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb. of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。
3．介词与形容词
busy with忙于；good for对……有好处；pleased with对……感到满意；interested in对……感兴趣；kind to对……友好。
【答案】D。
【解析】“net technology”是先行词，空及后面的从句是定语从句；benefit from是固定搭配， “从……中受益”。句意：他们可以把他们的智慧应用到人类可以从中受益的其他网络技术上。
【点评】考查定语从句,介词+关系代词。
例题分析
例1
They can apply their wisdom to other net technology
human beings can benefit.
A. in that B. through it C. on which D. from which
例2
Jane's baby has blue eyes her.
A. of B. in C. as D. to
【答案】C。
【解析】as“像”符合语境，故选C。句意：珍的孩子和她一样有蓝色的眼睛。
【点评】考查介词。
例3
Mr.Smith managed to eat his lunch _______having had an enormous breakfast.
A. despite B. since
C. because D. although
【答案】A。
【解析】本题空白后面是动名词短语，不是句子，所以排除C、D项，它们是从属连词，连接句子；since可以是介词，也可是作连词，意思都是“自从”，不符合语境；despite= in spite of“尽管”为介词。句意：尽管早饭吃得很多，史密斯先生还是吃下了午饭。
【点评】考查介词。
例4
In my opinion, he’s__________the most imaginative of all the contemporary poets.
A. in all B. at best
C. for all D. by far
【答案】D。
【解析】本题中，空白后面为形容词最高级the most imaginative所以用by far修饰。in all“总之，总共”，at best“充其量，至多”，for all“尽管，虽然”，by far“迄今为止”，修饰最高级。句意：在我看来，他是迄今为止最有想象力的当代诗人。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析。
例5
Instead answering me, she asked me another question.
A. of B. for C. to D. with
【答案】A。
【解析】instead of为固定短语，“代替”。句意为：他没有回答我的问题，而是又问了我一个问题。故答案为A。
【点评】本题在固定结构中考查介词的用法。
例6
Claire was ______ her happiest in her house ______ the shore of the Black Sea.
A. in; at B. at; on
C. over; by D. of; to
【答案】B。
【解析】at one's happiest为固定结构，表示“幸福极了”，on the shore为固定短语，表示“在岸边上”。句意：克莱尔在她黑海岸边的家里幸福极了。
【点评】结合固定结构考查介词的用法。
例7
I’d like to buy a house — modern, comfortable, and in a quiet neighborhood.
A.in all B. above all
C. after all D. at all
【答案】B。
【解析】in all“总共”，above all“首要的是”，after all“毕竟”，at all“究竟”，解析句子，句意为：我想买一栋房子——现代、舒适而且首要的是在一个安静的社区。 故答案为 B。
【点评】本题考查介词短语辨析。
例8
In order to help more people to get their shelters, our government has tried its best to build houses .
A.at any rate B. in the long run
C. on a large scale D. in detail
【答案】C。
【解析】at any rate“不管怎样，无论如何，任何速率”；in the long run“长远地”；on a large scale“大规模地”；in detail“详细地”；结合语境，应选 C。句意为：为了帮助更多的人 获得住所，我们的政府已经竭尽全力来大规模地建筑房屋。
【点评】本题考查介词短语辨析。
例9
People try to avoid public transport delays by driving their own cars, and
this creates further problems.
A.in short B. in turn
C. in doubt D. in case
【答案】B。
【解析】in short“总之”；in turn“反过来”；in doubt“怀疑”；in case“万一”；解析 语境，句意为：人们通过开自己的车来试图避免公共交通的耽搁，这反过来造成更进一步的问题。故答案为 B。
【点评】本题考查介词短语辨析。
l. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color.
A. by B. for C. with D. in
2. I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy
the past couple of weeks.
A. beyond B. with C. among D. over
3. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problem.
A. in B. to C. on D. after
4. I always wanted to do the job which I’d been
trained .
A. on B. for C. by D. of
5. He was a good student and scored average in most subjects.
A. below B. of C. on D. above
6. We’d better discuss everything before we work out the plan.
A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time
7.—How do the shops make money if they sell at such low prices
—Manufacturers, it seems, are willing to bring down prices
big volume purchases.
A. under the name of B. on behalf of
C. in return for D. in preparation for
8. two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With B. As C. As for D. Because
9. We should discuss the plan before we work it out.
A. in general B. in detail C. on time D. on purpose
10. He always did well at school having to do part-time jobs.
A. in spite of B. in addition to
C. in regard to D. in case of
11. The result of the football match was 2 to 2, the satisfaction of both teams.
A. with B. for C. at D. to
12.—Have you got all the lights yet
—Yes, sir. The workers have been paid off.
A. in place B. in order C. in use D. in effect
13.Scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health.
A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at
14. It’s certainly hard work. But, , a man who wishes to have a career has to make a great many sacrifices.
A.on the contrary B. on the other hand
C. for another D. in addition
15. It’s a mistake to think of Florida only its tourist attractions.
A.in addition to B. by way of
C. in terms of D. by means of
16. It was clear that he was the people he owed money to.
A. at the expense of B. at the risk of
C. at the mercy of D. in the way of
17.Because of the cadmium(镉) pollution caused by the sewage discharge(污水排放) in Longjiang River, Guangxi,many people lined up to buy salt seeking clean water.
A. in face of B. in search of
C. in hopes of D. in terms of
18. When he heard the news, he stared at me .
A. in amazement B. in disguise
C. in brief D. in particular
19. I had thought I was going to fail the driving test, but l eventually succeeded .
A. after all B. first of all C. in all D. above all
20.—Why does your grandpa always keep your telephone number in his pocket
— he gets lost when going out.
A. In total B. In case C. In brief D. In danger
21. Are you familiar this type of car
A. to B. with C. at D. in
22. The students feel excited because the summer holiday is .
A. by hand B. at hand C. in hand D. on hand
23. He didn't speak for long, but he spoke very much .
A. for the point B. to the point
C. at the point D. in the point
24. In order to change attitudes employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.
A. about B. of C. towards D. on
25. I asked her opinions, but she just asked me a question .
A. in all B. in fact C. in short D. in return
26. Which sport costs the most training facilities, players’ personal equipment and uniforms
A. in terms of B. in place of
C. by way of D. by means of
27. It is also the responsibility of the general public to be
conscious the symptoms of the HINl influenza.
A. from B. in C. at D. of
28.—Does David often come to school bus
— Yes, but sometimes he comes his father’s car.
A. take；in B. by; by C. by; in D. in; with
29. I am sorry it’s my power to make a final decision on the project.
A. over B. above C. below D. beyond
30. As we all know, the Uni.ted Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made four parts.
A. into B. from C. out of D. up of
31. We can see from the map that Japan lies the east of China the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific the east.
A. in; on; to B. to; in; on C. on; to; on D. to; on; to
32. Yu Qiuyu is famous a great writer his great works.
A. for; as B. to; for C. as; for D. with; as
33. Your grade in the eye test didn’t reach the required standard , you failed.
A. in the end B. after all
C. in other words D. at the same time
34. We congratulated Li Ming his getting a gold medal on math. That is to say, we offered him our congratulations
his getting a gold medal.
A. at; on B. of; on C. on; for D. on; on
35. The headmaster scolded monitor because he didn’t keep his remarks to the topic discussion.
A. on B. within C. at D. under
答案
1-5 DDBBC 6-10ACABA 11-15DACBC
16-20 CCAAB 21-25BBBCD 26-30 ADCDD
31-35 BCCDD
六、介词和介词短语
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率非常高。介词往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句等一起构成介词短语，以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在语法填空题中重点考查考生根据语境灵活运用介词的能力。考生应注意总结介词与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
I. 介词分类：
Ⅱ.常用介词的意思
介词 用法
with ①和……一起；随着……
②因为……
③具有/带有……；with复合结构
at ①表示片刻的时间点
②表示“在某处”，指在一个较小的地点
③表示产生某种情绪的原因，意为“因为……而……”“一听到/看到/想到……就……”
in ①表方位，在某范围内，特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容，要用in
②表时间，后接表时间段的名词短语，指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作
③表示材料、语言、方式、声音
介词 用法
on ①表示时间，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning与on the morning of 1st, May的区别
②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻
③表示与某一方面内容相关，意为“关于”
④与名词或动名词连用，意为“一……就……”
from 表示“来自”或“从……时间开始”
through ①表示从事物内部穿过，与介词in有关
②表示通过，凭借
across 从事物的表面通过，与介词on有关
介词 用法
over ①表示在表面的正上方，与under相对
②表示“从某事物上方越过”
③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆盖
④与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用，表示“经过、跨过某一个时间段”
beyond ①表示方位，意为“超过，在……较远的一边”
②表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围
for ①表示“对于，至于，适合于”
②表示“为了(目的)；支持”
against ①表示“反对，反抗，违背”
②表示“倚，靠，逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与……相对抗”
Ⅲ.常用介词区别：
含介词的搭配
1．介词与名词类
at breakfast在吃早饭；at home在家里；at the cinema在电影院；by accident偶然；access to能够进入；能够使用；attitude to/towards对……的态度；effect on对……的影响；lack of缺乏。
2．动词＋介词类
worry about为……担忧；talk about谈论；hear about听说；laugh at嘲笑；smile at对……微笑；shout at对……大喊；knock at敲击；hear from收到……的来信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb. of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。
3．介词与形容词
busy with忙于；good for对……有好处；pleased with对……感到满意；interested in对……感兴趣；kind to对……友好。
【答案】D。
【解析】“net technology”是先行词，空及后面的从句是定语从句；benefit from是固定搭配， “从……中受益”。句意：他们可以把他们的智慧应用到人类可以从中受益的其他网络技术上。
【点评】考查定语从句,介词+关系代词。
例题分析
例1
They can apply their wisdom to other net technology
human beings can benefit.
A. in that B. through it C. on which D. from which
例2
Jane's baby has blue eyes her.
A. of B. in C. as D. to
【答案】C。
【解析】as“像”符合语境，故选C。句意：珍的孩子和她一样有蓝色的眼睛。
【点评】考查介词。
例3
Mr.Smith managed to eat his lunch _______having had an enormous breakfast.
A. despite B. since
C. because D. although
【答案】A。
【解析】本题空白后面是动名词短语，不是句子，所以排除C、D项，它们是从属连词，连接句子；since可以是介词，也可是作连词，意思都是“自从”，不符合语境；despite= in spite of“尽管”为介词。句意：尽管早饭吃得很多，史密斯先生还是吃下了午饭。
【点评】考查介词。
例4
In my opinion, he’s__________the most imaginative of all the contemporary poets.
A. in all B. at best
C. for all D. by far
【答案】D。
【解析】本题中，空白后面为形容词最高级the most imaginative所以用by far修饰。in all“总之，总共”，at best“充其量，至多”，for all“尽管，虽然”，by far“迄今为止”，修饰最高级。句意：在我看来，他是迄今为止最有想象力的当代诗人。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析。
例5
Instead answering me, she asked me another question.
A. of B. for C. to D. with
【答案】A。
【解析】instead of为固定短语，“代替”。句意为：他没有回答我的问题，而是又问了我一个问题。故答案为A。
【点评】本题在固定结构中考查介词的用法。
例6
Claire was ______ her happiest in her house ______ the shore of the Black Sea.
A. in; at B. at; on
C. over; by D. of; to
【答案】B。
【解析】at one's happiest为固定结构，表示“幸福极了”，on the shore为固定短语，表示“在岸边上”。句意：克莱尔在她黑海岸边的家里幸福极了。
【点评】结合固定结构考查介词的用法。
例7
I’d like to buy a house — modern, comfortable, and in a quiet neighborhood.
A.in all B. above all
C. after all D. at all
【答案】B。
【解析】in all“总共”，above all“首要的是”，after all“毕竟”，at all“究竟”，解析句子，句意为：我想买一栋房子——现代、舒适而且首要的是在一个安静的社区。 故答案为 B。
【点评】本题考查介词短语辨析。
例8
In order to help more people to get their shelters, our government has tried its best to build houses .
A.at any rate B. in the long run
C. on a large scale D. in detail
【答案】C。
【解析】at any rate“不管怎样，无论如何，任何速率”；in the long run“长远地”；on a large scale“大规模地”；in detail“详细地”；结合语境，应选 C。句意为：为了帮助更多的人 获得住所，我们的政府已经竭尽全力来大规模地建筑房屋。
【点评】本题考查介词短语辨析。
例9
People try to avoid public transport delays by driving their own cars, and
this creates further problems.
A.in short B. in turn
C. in doubt D. in case
【答案】B。
【解析】in short“总之”；in turn“反过来”；in doubt“怀疑”；in case“万一”；解析 语境，句意为：人们通过开自己的车来试图避免公共交通的耽搁，这反过来造成更进一步的问题。故答案为 B。
【点评】本题考查介词短语辨析。
l. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color.
A. by B. for C. with D. in
2. I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy
the past couple of weeks.
A. beyond B. with C. among D. over
3. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problem.
A. in B. to C. on D. after
4. I always wanted to do the job which I’d been
trained .
A. on B. for C. by D. of
5. He was a good student and scored average in most subjects.
A. below B. of C. on D. above
6. We’d better discuss everything before we work out the plan.
A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time
7.—How do the shops make money if they sell at such low prices
—Manufacturers, it seems, are willing to bring down prices
big volume purchases.
A. under the name of B. on behalf of
C. in return for D. in preparation for
8. two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With B. As C. As for D. Because
9. We should discuss the plan before we work it out.
A. in general B. in detail C. on time D. on purpose
10. He always did well at school having to do part-time jobs.
A. in spite of B. in addition to
C. in regard to D. in case of
11. The result of the football match was 2 to 2, the satisfaction of both teams.
A. with B. for C. at D. to
12.—Have you got all the lights yet
—Yes, sir. The workers have been paid off.
A. in place B. in order C. in use D. in effect
13.Scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health.
A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at
14. It’s certainly hard work. But, , a man who wishes to have a career has to make a great many sacrifices.
A.on the contrary B. on the other hand
C. for another D. in addition
15. It’s a mistake to think of Florida only its tourist attractions.
A.in addition to B. by way of
C. in terms of D. by means of
16. It was clear that he was the people he owed money to.
A. at the expense of B. at the risk of
C. at the mercy of D. in the way of
17.Because of the cadmium(镉) pollution caused by the sewage discharge(污水排放) in Longjiang River, Guangxi,many people lined up to buy salt seeking clean water.
A. in face of B. in search of
C. in hopes of D. in terms of
18. When he heard the news, he stared at me .
A. in amazement B. in disguise
C. in brief D. in particular
19. I had thought I was going to fail the driving test, but l eventually succeeded .
A. after all B. first of all C. in all D. above all
20.—Why does your grandpa always keep your telephone number in his pocket
— he gets lost when going out.
A. In total B. In case C. In brief D. In danger
21. Are you familiar this type of car
A. to B. with C. at D. in
22. The students feel excited because the summer holiday is .
A. by hand B. at hand C. in hand D. on hand
23. He didn't speak for long, but he spoke very much .
A. for the point B. to the point
C. at the point D. in the point
24. In order to change attitudes employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.
A. about B. of C. towards D. on
25. I asked her opinions, but she just asked me a question .
A. in all B. in fact C. in short D. in return
26. Which sport costs the most training facilities, players’ personal equipment and uniforms
A. in terms of B. in place of
C. by way of D. by means of
27. It is also the responsibility of the general public to be
conscious the symptoms of the HINl influenza.
A. from B. in C. at D. of
28.—Does David often come to school bus
— Yes, but sometimes he comes his father’s car.
A. take；in B. by; by C. by; in D. in; with
29. I am sorry it’s my power to make a final decision on the project.
A. over B. above C. below D. beyond
30. As we all know, the Uni.ted Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made four parts.
A. into B. from C. out of D. up of
31. We can see from the map that Japan lies the east of China the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific the east.
A. in; on; to B. to; in; on C. on; to; on D. to; on; to
32. Yu Qiuyu is famous a great writer his great works.
A. for; as B. to; for C. as; for D. with; as
33. Your grade in the eye test didn’t reach the required standard , you failed.
A. in the end B. after all
C. in other words D. at the same time
34. We congratulated Li Ming his getting a gold medal on math. That is to say, we offered him our congratulations
his getting a gold medal.
A. at; on B. of; on C. on; for D. on; on
35. The headmaster scolded monitor because he didn’t keep his remarks to the topic discussion.
A. on B. within C. at D. under
答案
1-5 DDBBC 6-10ACABA 11-15DACBC
16-20 CCAAB 21-25BBBCD 26-30 ADCDD
31-35 BCCDD