2022届高考英语二轮专题语法总复习（十二）定语从句含例题和习题课件（24张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮专题语法总复习（十二）定语从句含例题和习题课件（24张PPT） |  | |
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(共24张PPT)
第十二章、定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系代词 先行词 从句成分 例句
who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
关系副词 先行词 从句成分 例句
when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born.
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
1.This is the factory. We visited it yesterday.
This is the factory which we visted yesterday.
2.This is the factory. We used to work in it.
This is the factory where we used to work .
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
只用that的情况：
1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as与which的区别：
定语从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don't read such books as you can't understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
例题分析
例1
My sister gave me a book as a present, is quite popular with middle school students.
A. which B.one C.that D.it
【答案】A。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】空白后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词book，且从句中缺少主语，所以用which 引导。
【句意】我姐姐给了我一本书作礼物，这本书很受中学生的欢迎。
例2
There was a huge building over there, in front of stood a tall tree.
A. which B.it C.them D.that
【答案】A。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】句子中没有并列关系的连词，不是并列句，排除代词B、C;逗号后是非限制性定语从句，且在介词of后，所以用关系代词which。
【句意】那边有一幢大楼，在它前面有一棵大树。
例3
The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those
lives were affected.
A. whose B.that C.who D.which
【答案】A。
【点评】考查whose引导的定语从句。
【解析】whose表所属关系，即“……的”。小窍门：空白处前后都有名词或代词，且后面的名词没有代词或冠词修饰，就可以用whose引导。
【句意】这本书从那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。
例4
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.
A. them B.whom C.which D.that
【答案】B。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】people是先行词，排除了which; that不用在介词后面，排除；两句话之间用的“，”，所以后面的句子也不是并列句。（如果两句话之间是句号，分号或者有并列连词，则后句是简单句）
【句意】约翰邀请了近40人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家人。
例4
The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. that B.which C.where D.when
【答案】D。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】本题为分割定语从句，即从句和先行词之间有成分隔开；the days是先行词，且days 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“在那些日子里……”，故选择表示时间的关系副词when引导。
【句意】靠拼体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。
例5
October lst, is our National Day, is always celebrated with singing and dancing.
A. as B.that C.when D.which
【答案】D。
【点评】考查非限制性定语从句。
【解析】非限制性定语从句中先行词是October lst，从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。
【句意】10月1日，我们的国庆日，总是用载歌载舞的方式来庆祝。
例6
You can only be sure of ____ you have at present. You cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.
A.that, what B. what , / C. which ,that D.that, /
【答案】B。
【解析】第一个空是做介词of的宾语，并且宾语从句you have at present 中缺宾语，所以选what。第二空不定代词something是先行词，关系代词只能用that，并且在定语从句中充当宾语，故可以省略。答案选B。
【点评】考查宾语从句和定语从句。
例7
He is the only one of students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
【答案】C。
【解析】the only one of+名词复数，表示“唯一的……”，故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；再根据时间状语for three years可知，使用现在完成时，故选C。句意：他是唯一一个连续三年取得奖学金的学生。
【点评】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，是学习的重点和难点，也是每年考查的重点内容。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词（that，who，whom，whose，which，as等）和关系副词（why，when，where等）。如果从句缺少主、宾或表语则选择that，who，whom或as；whose在从句中作定语；如果选择why,when或where则从句缺少原因状语、时间状语或地点状语。注意：what不能引导定语从句。先行词指时间或地点时，引导词不一定全部用when或where，如果从句中缺少介词的宾语，或把介词提至引导词之前，则引导词应该用that或which。定语从句的引导词选填应该做到“瞻前顾后”，即看一下空前面的先行词是指代什么的，是人还是物，还是时间、地点、原因或方式，然后，最关键是看看从句缺少什么成分，根据所缺成分选择适当的引导词。
定语从句专练
1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ,of course, make all the others upset.
A. who B.which C.what D.that
2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B.where C.what D.that
3. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years.
A. for which B.with which C.of which D.to which
4. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,
the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B.where C.that D.which
5.A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B.that C.where D.there
6. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students
allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B.where C.what D.who
7.It is human nature to think back to a golden age one’s country was strong and respected.
A. if B.when C.while D.after
8.It was in the factory his friend worked he picked up a lot of experience.
A. where; where B.that; where
C.that; that D.where; that
9. He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B.which I think it is
C.which I think D.I think which is
10.The clean-up operation at the bullet train crash site in east China’s Zhejiang Province has been completed. Meantime,trains have resumed services on the railway the accident occurred.
A. which B.that C.where D.the place where
11.By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon .
A. that B.which C.from which D.above which
12. The pictures me of the days we spent in Beijing.
A. remember; that B.warn; that
C.remind; when D.remind; that
13.The villagers had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all of whose homes B.whose all homes
C.all their homes D.all of their homes
14.The beautiful mountain village we spent our holiday last year is located in is now part of Guangxi.
A.which ;where B. where; what
C.that; what D.when; which
15. is mentioned above, the number of the students who would like to further their education abroad is increasing.
A. Which B.As C.That D.It
16. It was a time the killer whales helped the whalers catch the baleen whales.
A. when B. that C. then D. which
17.—Is that the small town you often refer to
—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
18. Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
19. The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
20. The position, however, you are applying, is not quite a well paid one.
A. that B. for which C. which D. to which
答案
1-5 BDCAC 6-10ABDAC
11-15DDABB 16-20ACDCB
第十二章、定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系代词 先行词 从句成分 例句
who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
关系副词 先行词 从句成分 例句
when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born.
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
1.This is the factory. We visited it yesterday.
This is the factory which we visted yesterday.
2.This is the factory. We used to work in it.
This is the factory where we used to work .
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
只用that的情况：
1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as与which的区别：
定语从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don't read such books as you can't understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
例题分析
例1
My sister gave me a book as a present, is quite popular with middle school students.
A. which B.one C.that D.it
【答案】A。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】空白后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词book，且从句中缺少主语，所以用which 引导。
【句意】我姐姐给了我一本书作礼物，这本书很受中学生的欢迎。
例2
There was a huge building over there, in front of stood a tall tree.
A. which B.it C.them D.that
【答案】A。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】句子中没有并列关系的连词，不是并列句，排除代词B、C;逗号后是非限制性定语从句，且在介词of后，所以用关系代词which。
【句意】那边有一幢大楼，在它前面有一棵大树。
例3
The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those
lives were affected.
A. whose B.that C.who D.which
【答案】A。
【点评】考查whose引导的定语从句。
【解析】whose表所属关系，即“……的”。小窍门：空白处前后都有名词或代词，且后面的名词没有代词或冠词修饰，就可以用whose引导。
【句意】这本书从那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。
例4
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.
A. them B.whom C.which D.that
【答案】B。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】people是先行词，排除了which; that不用在介词后面，排除；两句话之间用的“，”，所以后面的句子也不是并列句。（如果两句话之间是句号，分号或者有并列连词，则后句是简单句）
【句意】约翰邀请了近40人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家人。
例4
The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. that B.which C.where D.when
【答案】D。
【点评】考查定语从句。
【解析】本题为分割定语从句，即从句和先行词之间有成分隔开；the days是先行词，且days 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“在那些日子里……”，故选择表示时间的关系副词when引导。
【句意】靠拼体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。
例5
October lst, is our National Day, is always celebrated with singing and dancing.
A. as B.that C.when D.which
【答案】D。
【点评】考查非限制性定语从句。
【解析】非限制性定语从句中先行词是October lst，从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。
【句意】10月1日，我们的国庆日，总是用载歌载舞的方式来庆祝。
例6
You can only be sure of ____ you have at present. You cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.
A.that, what B. what , / C. which ,that D.that, /
【答案】B。
【解析】第一个空是做介词of的宾语，并且宾语从句you have at present 中缺宾语，所以选what。第二空不定代词something是先行词，关系代词只能用that，并且在定语从句中充当宾语，故可以省略。答案选B。
【点评】考查宾语从句和定语从句。
例7
He is the only one of students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
【答案】C。
【解析】the only one of+名词复数，表示“唯一的……”，故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；再根据时间状语for three years可知，使用现在完成时，故选C。句意：他是唯一一个连续三年取得奖学金的学生。
【点评】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，是学习的重点和难点，也是每年考查的重点内容。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词（that，who，whom，whose，which，as等）和关系副词（why，when，where等）。如果从句缺少主、宾或表语则选择that，who，whom或as；whose在从句中作定语；如果选择why,when或where则从句缺少原因状语、时间状语或地点状语。注意：what不能引导定语从句。先行词指时间或地点时，引导词不一定全部用when或where，如果从句中缺少介词的宾语，或把介词提至引导词之前，则引导词应该用that或which。定语从句的引导词选填应该做到“瞻前顾后”，即看一下空前面的先行词是指代什么的，是人还是物，还是时间、地点、原因或方式，然后，最关键是看看从句缺少什么成分，根据所缺成分选择适当的引导词。
定语从句专练
1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ,of course, make all the others upset.
A. who B.which C.what D.that
2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B.where C.what D.that
3. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years.
A. for which B.with which C.of which D.to which
4. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,
the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B.where C.that D.which
5.A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B.that C.where D.there
6. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students
allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B.where C.what D.who
7.It is human nature to think back to a golden age one’s country was strong and respected.
A. if B.when C.while D.after
8.It was in the factory his friend worked he picked up a lot of experience.
A. where; where B.that; where
C.that; that D.where; that
9. He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B.which I think it is
C.which I think D.I think which is
10.The clean-up operation at the bullet train crash site in east China’s Zhejiang Province has been completed. Meantime,trains have resumed services on the railway the accident occurred.
A. which B.that C.where D.the place where
11.By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon .
A. that B.which C.from which D.above which
12. The pictures me of the days we spent in Beijing.
A. remember; that B.warn; that
C.remind; when D.remind; that
13.The villagers had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all of whose homes B.whose all homes
C.all their homes D.all of their homes
14.The beautiful mountain village we spent our holiday last year is located in is now part of Guangxi.
A.which ;where B. where; what
C.that; what D.when; which
15. is mentioned above, the number of the students who would like to further their education abroad is increasing.
A. Which B.As C.That D.It
16. It was a time the killer whales helped the whalers catch the baleen whales.
A. when B. that C. then D. which
17.—Is that the small town you often refer to
—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
18. Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
19. The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
20. The position, however, you are applying, is not quite a well paid one.
A. that B. for which C. which D. to which
答案
1-5 BDCAC 6-10ABDAC
11-15DDABB 16-20ACDCB