(共35张PPT)
第七章、动词和动词短语
对动词词组意义的考查是一大热点,在考试题中每年至少都有一题。这种试题的立意是同义、近义或结构近似的词组词义辨析;题干显现出情景化和复杂化的趋势;设问的角度有细微化的倾向。
由于英语中动词的词义丰富,用法灵活,不易掌握。平日学习中,既要增加阅读量,在实际运用中领悟动词的意义和用法,又要集中时间和精力学习一些难掌握的词(组)。无论是一些最常用的基础词汇,还是一些难辨的同义词(组),都要集中突破。
动词短语的构成
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。
(1)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.
哈里在晚会后人们都已离去时才出现。
(2) 动词+副词(及物)
Please turn every light in the house off.
请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.
她把它们送人了。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses.
我在找我的眼镜。
注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾
She's got more work than she can cope with.
她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon.
我盼望不久就能见到你。
注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。
In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)
这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
(5)动词 + 名词 + 介词
You should make full use of your time.
(6) 动词 + 名词
Great changes are taking place in our life.
例题分析
例1
He has recently _____ tennis to relax himself.
A.taken off B.taken up C.put up D.put out
【答案】B。
【解析】take off “脱下,起飞,成功”,take up“开始学习,开始从事,拿起,接受,占据”,put up“挂起,粘贴,搭建”,put out“熄灭”,故答案选B。句意:他最近开始学习网球,放松自己。
【点评】考查短语的辨析。
例2
For most Americans, the 18 th birthday _____the end of one part of the life and the beginning of another.
A. predicts B.tells C.marks D. Signs
【答案】C。
【解析】predict “预言,预测”;tell“告诉,讲述”;mark“标志”;sign“签名,签署”。句意为“对于大多数美国人,第十八个 标志着生活的一部分的结束和另一部分的开始。”根据句意,故选C。
【点评】考查动词的词义辨析。
例3
—Not getting that job was a big let-down.
—Don’t worry. Something better will .
A. come along B. take on
C. go by D. fall behind
【答案】A。
【解析】come along“出现,一起来”;take on“呈现”;go by“经过”;fall behind“落后”。句意:—没得到那份工作真令人失望。—别急,(没准)有更好的事情会出现呢。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。
例4
He had to his father’s business after his death. though he didn't really want to continue it.
A. take out B. make up C. set up D. carry on
【答案】D。
【解析】take out“带出”;make up“编造”;set up“建立”;carry on“继续”。故选D。句意:在他父亲死后他得继续他父亲的生意,尽管他真的不想继续。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。
例5
We are at your service. Don’t to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek
【答案】B。
【解析】beg“祈求”;hesitate“犹豫”;desire“想要”;seek“寻找”。故选B。句意:乐意为您效劳,如果有任何进一步的问题,请不要犹豫向我们求助。
【点评】考查动词辨析。
例6
The press conference, originally due to be held last week, was finally__________.
A. called off B. set off
C. taken off D. turned off
【答案】D。
【解析】本题中空白处所缺词作主语,引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面说的事,排除B、C,用在句首引导非限制性定语从句用as,which虽然也可引导非限制性定语从句,替代主句之意,但which引导的从句不能放在句首,故选C。句意:经常是这种情况,我们已经制定出了生产计划。
【点评】考查as引导非限制性定语从句。
例7
The old couple decided to__________a boy and a girl thoughthey had three children of their own.
A.bring B. receive C.adapt D.adopt
【答案】D,
【解析】bring“带来”,recelve“收到”,adapt“适应,改编”,adopt“采纳,收养”。句意:这对老夫妇决定收养一个男孩和一个女孩,尽管他们自己已经有三个孩子了。
【点评】考查动词的词义辨析。
例8
He wanted to join the army but was _______ because of his poor health.
A. turned down B. turned off
C. turned on D. turned out
【答案】A。
【解析】turn down“拒绝”;turn off“关闭”;turn on“打开”;turn out“结果是”。分析语境,句意为:他想参军,可是由于他身体不好被拒绝了。故选择A。
【点评】本题考查动词短语辨析。
例9
Tom will be ten years old next month. He is ______ his birthday party.
A. expecting to B. looking forward to
C. coming up with D. making up for
【答案】B。
【解析】expect“期望”,为及物动词,后不用加to,look forward to“期盼”,come up with“提出,想出”,make up for“弥补”。句意:下个月汤姆就十岁了。他现在正期盼着他的生日聚会。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。
例10
No matter how much you may dislike advertisements, there is no way to them.
A.miss B. meet C. hide D. escape
【答案】D。
【解析】miss“错过:想念”,meet“遇到”,hide“隐藏”,escape“逃跑,逃脱”, 解析题干,句意为:无论你多么讨厌广告,都没有方法来逃避它们。故答案为 D。
【点评】本题考查动词辨析。
例11
She doesn’t rock and roll. She thinks it’s too noisy.
A.go after B. go away with
C.go into D. go in for
【答案】:D。
【解析】go after“追求”,go away with“带着……逃走”,go into“进入”,go infor“喜欢”句意为:她不喜欢摇滚乐。她认为它太吵了。故答案为 D。
【点评】本题考查动词短语辨析。
例12
She played music so loudly that it other people in the building.
A.visited B. dismissed
C. separated D. annoyed
【答案】D。
【解析】visit“参观,访问”,dismiss“取消,解除”,separate“使……分开”, annoy“打搅,使恼怒”。句意为:她演奏音乐如此大声,以至于它打搅了大楼里的其它人。故选择D。
【点评】本题考查动词辨析。
例13
If you sing the song several times, your children will begin to the words.
A.turn up B. pick up C. show up D. give up
【答案】B。
【解析】turn up“把声音调大,卷起,出现”;pick up“学会;捡起”;show up“出现”;give up“放弃”句意为:如果你把这首歌唱几遍,你的孩子将开始学会这些歌词。故选择B。
【点评】本题考查动词短语辨析。
例14
Leaving your car unlocked outside is just trouble.
A.attracting B.drawing C.resulting D.inviting
【答案】D。
【解析】attract“吸引”;draw“拉,画”;result“结果”;invite“邀请;引起”句意为:把你的车放在外面不锁,就是在招致麻烦。故答案为D。
【点评】本题考查动词辨析。
例15
He wanted to join the army but was because of his poor eyesight.
A.turned to B. turned off
C. turned out D. turned down
【答案】D。
【解析】turn to“转向,求助”;turn off“关闭”;turn out“结果是”;turn down“拒 绝”;句意为:他想参军,但是由于视力不好,被拒绝了。故答案为D。
【点评】本题考查动词短语辨析。
例16
It is always better to your worries and troubles with your friends. This helps lighten your burden.
A.tell B. deal C. divide D. share
【答案】D。
【解析】tell“告诉”;deal“处理”;divide“分开”;share“分享”,share sth with sb“与某人分享某事”结合语境应选D。句意为:和你的朋友分享忧虑和困难总是好的。这能 帮助你减轻你的负担。
【点评】本题考查动词辨析。
1. As the story ,the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A. begins B.happens C.ends D.develops
2. Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing.
A. brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back
3.—Are you still mad at her
—Not really, but I can’t that her remarks hurt me.
A. deny B.refuse C.reject D.decline
4. The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to it.
A. make the best of B.get away from
C.keep an eye on D.catch up with
5. She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A. turned down B.dealt with
C.took after D.came across
6. They are broadening the bridge to the flow of traffic.
A. put off B.speed up C.turn on D.work out
7. It’s really difficult to what he is trying to express.
A. leave out B.break out C.put out D.make out
8.He came to my class every week, but his look that he was not really interested.
A. expressed B.described C.explained D.suggested
9. Alice trusts you, only you can her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest B.attract C.attempt D.persuade
10. Considering his health,I advise him to an hour or two each day to relax.
A. set about B.set aside C.set up D.set off
11. When we finally to get home after the tiring long journey, we could hardly move a step further.
A. tried B.succeeded C.attempted D.managed
12. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.
A. resembles B.strengthens C.reflects D.shapes
13. Since you are my daughter’s classmate, we’d like to
you tonight.
A.put;down B. put; in C.put; off D.put;up
14. It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A. came over B.came out C.came about D.came up
15. Jane from the company and moved to her hometown to set up her own business.
A.returned B.resigned C.escaped D.learned
16. It seems that most educators the plan for Advanced Assessment for Admission, which gives rise to a complete reform of College Entrance Exams.
A. consist of B. complain of C. approve of D. dream of
17.—1 heard that you made a bicycle trip to the 2011 International Horticultural Exhibition of Xi’an alone.
—No. Actually, my friend Bob me.
A. accompanied B. conducted C.instructed D. received
18. Online learning is being widely to help adults further their education.
A. attended B. adopted C. adapted D. adjusted
19. Having walked in the desert for several days, we felt exhausted, but we had to find a pool before the water we had .
A. ran out of B. ran away C. ran out D. ran off
20. Tom always helps his mother even though going to school most of his day.
A. takes up B. takes over C. takes in D. takes on
21.—What is the meaning of the saying “Whenever you fall, pick something up ”
—It tells us to hope even when coming across failure; try to learn something valuable from it.
A. look for B. call for C. take up D. give up
22.—Do you know when Britain war on Germany during the Second World War
—In 1939, I suppose.
A. announced B. declared C. fought D. attended
23.The government has taken measures to the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A.take down B.bring down
C.hand down D. tear down
24. Scientists hope to soon in their search for a cure for this type of cancer.
A. break up B. break through
C. break out D. break away from
25.After walking in the Village of Youth Olympic Games for a whole day, my legs under me and I couldn’t walk any farther.
A. gave up B. gave out C. gave in D. gave away
26. The secretary has a lot of things to in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up C. work out D. carry out
27. Nowadays there are still a number of students school at various grades due to a lack of money in some poorer areas.
A. leaving out B. making out
C. letting out D. dropping out
28. The color of the shirt does not that of the tie.
A. fit B. match C. suit D. reach
29. She a smile when she heard her family went to Italy without her.
A. managed B. wore C. performed D. controlled
30. My father’s idea of having weekly family meals together, at first, which seemed difficult, has many good changes in our lives.
A.got through B.resulted from
C.turned into D. brought about
31. As we all know, it is always better to your worries and troubles with your trusted friend or relative. It actually helps lighten your burden.
A. tell B. deal C. divide D. share
32. My wife and I decided to hold a family party this weekend to our parents’ silver wedding.
A. congratulate B. memorize C. celebrate D. welcome
33. In fact, difficulties and hardships have the best character of the young man.
A. brought in B. brought up
C. brought out D. brought about
34. My elder brother, the eldest of the four children, had to
out of middle school at the age of 16 to help my parents work in the fields.
A. leave B. drop C. fall D. go
35. It how long the shock that explosions hit Oslo will stay in people’s hearts.
A. abandons B. considers C. matters D. minds
答案
1-5DAAAD 6-10BDDDB 11-15 DCDCB
16-20 CABCA 21-25ABBBB 26-30BDBAD
31-35DCCBC