2022年中考英语语法二轮复习:代词考点13使用代词one的若干用法注意知识点总结

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名称 2022年中考英语语法二轮复习:代词考点13使用代词one的若干用法注意知识点总结
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更新时间 2022-02-12 12:51:36

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2022届中考英语语法二轮复习【全国通用】
代词考点讲义13【精讲版】
使用代词one的若干用法注意知识点总

一、基本用法归纳
1. 用于泛指人们或任何人,包括说话人和听话人,其用法与表泛指的you相似。如:
One must believe in something. 人一定要有信仰。
One shouldn’t be too hard on oneself. 一个人不能对自己太苛刻。
One always thinks other people’s lives are more interesting. 人们总是认为别人的生活更加有趣。
在美国英语里,如果one用在句首,后面提到这个one时常常用he, him 和his,但在英国英语里则仍用one。如:
One cannot succeed at this unless he [one] tries hard. 除非你很努力,否则这事就成功不了。
2. 用于表示某个不确定的人或事物,其意相当于“不定冠词+名词”。如:
I’d like one with a garden. 我想要一座带花园的。(其中的one相当于a house等)
He talks to one like a teacher. 他和人谈话就像个老师似的。(其中的one相当于a person, a man等)
3. 表示两个或多个中的“一个”。如:
One of my weaknesses is smoking too much. 我的缺点之一是抽烟太多。
Here are two books. One is for Mary, the other is for Jack. 这里有两本书,一本给玛丽,一本给杰克。
One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains. 一个人会喜欢在海滨度假,而另一个人会喜欢在山里度假。
On its face, it has three hands. One is short, the other two are long. 其上有三根针,一根短,另两根长。
4. 用于习语one after the other或one after another,其意为“一个接一个地”“依次地”“陆续地”。如:
Planes took off one after another. 飞机陆续起飞。
The boy showed me his dirty hands one after the other. 那男孩把他脏兮兮的手依序伸给我看。
5. 用于习语on the one hand...on the other (hand)...,其意为“一方面……另一方面……”。如:
On the one hand he suffered a heavy loss, but on the other hand he learned a great deal from the experience. 一方面,他蒙受了极大的损失;另一方面,他则由此教训学到很多经验。
二、有关的语法说明
1. one只能代替可数名词,其意相当于“a / an +可数名词”。如:
I’m looking for a jacket. I’d like one with a bag. 我正在找一件夹克,我想要件带兜的。
one有复数形式ones。如:
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 绿苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
注意,用one(s)来代替不可数名词是错误的。如:
不要用奶粉,要用这鲜奶。
误:Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh one.
正:Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh (milk).
如果你没有鲜奶油,我就要罐头的吧。
误:If you haven’t got fresh cream, I’ll take tinned one.
正:If you haven’t got fresh cream, I’ll take tinned (cream).
另外,用one代替抽象名词也很少见。如下面一句中的the English system最好不要换成the English one:
The Dutch grammatical system is very similar to the English system. 荷兰语的语法体系与英语语法体系十分相似。
2. 在a…one这类表达中,one前面原则上应有形容词,否则就应省去不定冠词。如:
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓,想找一座小的带花园的。
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓,我想要一座带花园的。(不能说:... a one with a garden.)
三、误用one(s)的若干典型场合
1. 不要在所有格(含形容词性物主代词)之后误用one或ones,可直接使用所有格或将形容词性物主代词改为名词性物主代词。如:
我们需要一架梯子。我们可以借邻居的。
误:We need a ladder. We can borrow our neighbour’s one.
正:We need a ladder. We can borrow our neighbour’s.
我找不到我的钢笔了。你能把你的借给我吗
误:I can’t find my pen. Can you lend me your one
正:I can’t find my pen. Can you lend me yours
2. 不要在基数词(two, three等)后误用one或ones。如:
杰克是三人中跑得最快的。
误:Jack is the fastest runner of the three ones.
正:Jack is the fastest runner of the three.
他养了三只兔子,我只养二只。
误:He has three rabbits and I have only two ones.
正:He has three rabbits and I have only two.
3. 不要在both后误用one或ones。如:
第4题和第5题选做一道,但不要两道都做。
误:Do question 4 or question 5, but not both ones.
正:Do question 4 or question 5, but not both.
4. 不要在one’s own 后误用one或ones。如:
他们待这孩子像亲生的一样。
误:They treated the child as if she were their own ones.
正:They treated the child as if she were their own.
那些书是图书馆的藏书,但这本是属于我个人的。
误:Those books belong to the library, but this is my own one.
正:Those books belong to the library, but this is my own.
5. 不要在some或any后误用one 或ones。如:
我没有鸡蛋了,因此我出去买了一些。
误:I hadn’t any eggs, so I went out to buy some ones.
正:I hadn’t any eggs, so I went out to buy some.
假如有错,就把它改正过来。
误:Correct errors, if there are any ones.
正:Correct errors, if there are any.
但是,值得注意的是,若one / ones前有形容词修饰,则可以用于所有格、基数词以及some, any, both等之后。如:
My cheap camera takes better pictures than his expensive one. 我的相机便宜,但比他的昂贵相机拍出的照片还好。
“Did you get any postcards ” “Yes, I bought four nice ones.” “你买明信片了吗?”“买了,我买了四张精美的明信片。”
I bought some sweet ones today. 我今天买了一些甜的。
四、one(s)的省略
1. 当one之前有带定冠词的比较级和最高级形容词时,one可以省略。如:
Smith said that his friend’s car was the most expensive (one). 史密斯说他的朋友的小车是最贵的。
There were two sorts of dictionaries in the bookstore, he only bought the cheaper (one). 书店里有两种字典,但他只是买了较便宜的。
2. 当one 前有定冠词并与上下文形成对比的形容词连用时可省略。如:
I’d prefer the large battles to the small (ones). 我喜欢大瓶的,而不喜欢小瓶的。
This house is bigger than my last (one). 这房子比我以前住的要大。
3. 当one的前置定语只有this, these, that, those, either, neither, another, the last, the next, which等限定词时可省略。如:
You can take this one; I’ll keep another (one). 你可以拿这个,我拿另一个。
It doesn’t matter; either (one) will suit me. 没关系,随便哪一个我都合适。
五、one和it
one的意思是泛指的,用于指代“不定冠词+名词”;而it的意思则是特指的,用于指代“定冠词或物主代词+名词”。比较:
A:Can you lend me a pen 你能借给我一支钢笔吗
B:Sorry. I haven’t got one. 对不起,我没有钢笔。
A:Can I borrow your pen 我能借你的钢笔吗
B:Sorry, I’m using it. 对不起,我正在用着。