2022年中考英语语法专题--there be 句型讲解

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名称 2022年中考英语语法专题--there be 句型讲解
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更新时间 2022-02-12 12:52:59

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2022中考英语语法专题--there be句型讲解
There be 句型课程讲解(一)
一、There be 句型的用法:
表示某个地方存在某物或某人,be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。如:房间里有一张桌子。There is a table in the room.
区别: 表达一个人拥有某样东西时则用have/has,如:我有一张桌子。I have a table.
二、There be 句型的结构:
There is+第三人称单数可数/不可数主语+地点状语
三、there be, here be句型中的就近一致
我们比较熟悉的there be句型和here开头的句子其实是倒装句的一种,be动词常与其后面最近的主语保持一致,如:
There is a table and four chairs in dining room.
餐厅有一张桌子和四把椅子。
Here are some flowers.
这有一些花儿。
四、并列主语句子中的就近一致
由并列结构或连词(如either…or, neither…nor, not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较为靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致,如:
连词 例句
either…or 或者……或者…… Either you or Tom comes to my office. 你或汤姆,来一趟我办公室。
neither…nor 既不……也不 Neither Tom nor his parents are at home. 汤姆和他父母都不在家。
not……but 不是……而是 Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
not only……but also 不但……而且 Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了,他也错了。
or 或者 What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
重点:
一、重点:there be句型的就近一致;并列连词并列主语的就近一致。
遵循就近一致原则的情况总结如下表:
主语 谓语
由连词either…or, neither…nor, not…but, not only…but also, or等连接的并列主语 与靠近的主语保持一致
在there be句型中
在以here开头的句子中
二、易错点:就近一致原则中的特殊连词。
注意就近一致中并列连词中并没有both…and,我们在讲语法一致已经说过,若both…and连接主语时,主语为复数,谓语动词用复数形式,如:
Both Tom and Jerry are good students.
汤姆和杰瑞都是好学生。
三、补充考点:从句中的主谓一致
在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致,如:
I know the man who is standing at the gate.
我认识那个站在门口的人。
考点解析:
例1.1.1 ---_________ there any living things on other planets
---I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have
【答案】B
【解析】 考查there be句型就近一致原则。there be句型中没有have/has,排除CD;主语为living things,明显为复数,故选B。
例1.1.2
—David, there ______a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.
—OK, Mum. I’ll do it right away.
A. Is
B. are
C. has
D. have
【答案】
【解析】 主谓一致,考查there be结构的就近一致,根据a dictionary为单数名词可知是单数。
题模二:并列主语的就近一致
例1.2.1 根据中文提示,完成句子。
快点,公交车来了!
___________________________________________
【答案】 Hurry up, here comes the bus!
【解析】 考查here开头的倒装句的主谓一致。这种句式中,动词与之后的主语保持一致。主语为公交车,为单数,故用comes。
例1.2.2 Either Mary or he _________ going to Paris. Only one person may go there.
A. are B. were C. was D. is
【答案】D
【解析】 考查并列主语的主谓一致和时态。either…or并列主语遵循就近一致原则,动词与较近主语即he保持一致,应该用单数形式,排除AB;根据第二句可知不是过去时,故选D。
例1.2.3 Not only my parents but also I _________ watching the documentary. We all like it.
A. are B. am C. were D. was
【答案】B
【解析】 考查并列主语的主谓一致。not only…but also并列主语时,谓语动词与较近主语,即I保持一致,排除AC;根据第二句可知为一般现在时,故选B。
例1.2.4 根据中文提示,完成句子。
同学们和老师对此都一无所知。(neither…nor…)
___________________________________________.
【答案】 Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
【解析】 考查neither…nor结构的主谓一致。根据中文两者“都不知道”用neither…nor,动词较近的主语为老师,谓语动词用单数;本句为否定句用anything。
随堂练习:
随练1.1 There _________ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【答案】D
【解析】 考查there be句型和时态。people意为“人们”,为复数,be动词用复数形式,排除AB;根据第二句为过去时,故选D。
随练1.2 There _________ a concert of Jacky Cheung in Jinan on April 29th.
A. is going to have
B. will have
C. is going to be
D. are going to be
【答案】C
【解析】 考查there be句型的将来时。表将来时用there is going to be或there will be,故选C。
随练1.3 根据中文提示,完成句子。
1. 墙上有一个钟。
There _________ a clock _________ _________ _________.
2. 操场上有一个老师和很多学生。
There _________ one teacher and many students on the playground.
3. 我和他都不来自于加拿大,我们来自于澳大利亚。
_________ he _________ I _________ from Canada. We _________ from Australia.
【答案】 1. There is a clock on the wall.
2. is
3. Neither; nor; come/ am; come/ are
【解析】 1. 考查there be句型主谓一致。a clock为单数,故be动词用单数;句子为一般描述,用一般时。
2. 考查there be句型中的就近一致。主语为“一个老师”和“很多学生”,“一个老师”离谓语动词be更近,故用is。
3. 考查neither…nor结构的就近一致。“都不”用neither…nor,而neither…nor的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即I保持一致,所以用come/ am;后一个空主语为复数,所以用come/ are。
随练1.4 Neither the headmaster nor the teacher _________ take a vacation next week.
A. were going to B. is going to
C. was going to D. are going to
【答案】B
【解析】 考查并列主语的就近一致。neither…nor遵循就近一致,谓语动词应该用单数,排除AD;又next week为将来时标志,故选B。
随练1.5 I am a fan of Lee Min-ho. _________ his voice _________ his humor attracts me.
A. Both; and
B. Either; or
C. Neither; nor
D. Not only; but also
【答案】D
【解析】 考查并列主语主谓一致。根据句意“我是李敏镐的粉丝。他的声音和幽默都吸引着我。”,从AD中选;谓语动词用了单数形式,说明主语为单数,排除A,故选D。
课后作业:
作业1 ---Look! _________ an old lady lying on the road.
---Let’s go had help her up.
A. Have B. Has
C. There is D. There are
【答案】C
【解析】 考查there be的使用。根据on the road,某地有,用there be句型,排除AB;主语为an old lady为单数,故选C。
作业2 There _________ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
【答案】D
【解析】 考查there be句型的主谓一致和时态。首先根据now判断为一般现在时,排除AB;离动词较近的主语为lots of sheep,sheep为单复同行,此处为复数,故选D。
作业3 There are millions of websites on the Internet and there _________ a lot of useful _________ on the websites.
A. are; informations
B. are; information
C. is; information
D. is; informations
【答案】C
【解析】 考查there be句型和名词的数。首先information为不可数名词,直接排除AD;不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,故选C。
作业4 根据中文提示,完成句子。
1. 桌子上有一本书和几只笔。
__________________________________________________.
2. 公交车来了。
__________________________________________________.
3. 汤姆和他的父母都不在家。
__________________________________________________.
4. 不是你就是他没说实话。
__________________________________________________.
5. 不仅我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。
__________________________________________________.
【答案】 1. There is a book and some pens on the desk.
2. Here comes the bus.
3. Neither Tom nor his parents are at home.
4. Either you or he is not telling the truth.
5. Not only my parents but I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
【解析】 1. 考查there be句型。there be句型遵从就近一致,所以be动词用is。
2. 考查here的主谓一致。here开头的句子,谓语动词与之后的主语保持一致,主语为单数,故用comes。
3. 考查neither…nor并列结构作主语的主谓一致。neither…nor的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即his parents保持一致,所以谓语动词用复数形式,用are。
4. 考查either…or并列结构作主语的主谓一致。either…or的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即he保持一致,所以谓语动词用单数形式,所以用is。
5. 考查not only…but also并列结构作主语的主谓一致。not only…but also的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即I保持一致,所以be动词用am;look forward to doing表盼望,为固定用法。
作业5 Neither he nor I _________ watching movies. We both like reading.
A. likes B. liking
C. like D. to like
【答案】C
【解析】 考查neither…nor并列结构作主语的主谓一致。neither…nor的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即I保持一致,所以用like,故选C。
作业6 ---Do you like your new T-shirt
---Yes. Not only I but also my mother _________ it.
A. likes B. like
C. doesn’t like D. don’t like
【答案】A
【解析】 考查not only…but also并列结构作主语的主谓一致。not only…but also的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即my mother保持一致,所以用单数形式,排除BD;又回答是yes,所以用肯定形式,故选A。 2