2022年中考英语被动语态知识精讲+巩固习题40道+经典题型+习题讲解（含答案）

被动语态知识精讲
一、常用时态的被动形式:
被动语态由"be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,动词be根据人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化，常用被动语态如下:
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 write am / is /are written
一般过去时 wrote was / were written
一般将来时 shall / will write shall / will be written
一般过去将来时 should / would do should / would be written
现在进行时 am / is / are writing am /is /are being written
过去进行时 was/ were writing was / were being written
现在完成时 has/ have written has / have been written
过去完成时 had written had been written
将来完成时 shall / will have written shall / will have been written
情态动词 can/may/must write can/may/must be written
二、特殊的被动结构
1.短语动词的被动结构中,构成短语动词的介词或副词不能略。 The doctor has been sent for.已派人去请医生了。
I promise that the matter will be taken care of.
2.不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态,常见的有take place,break out, come out 等。
Great changes have taken place in the city, and a lot of factories have been set up.
3.含有不定式或-ing形式的被动结构。
Little Tom should love to be taken to the theater this evening The strangers came to the party without being invited.
动词need,require,want后接-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。
The dirty window needs / requires / wants cleaning (to be cleaned).
5.“get+过去分词”也可表示被动意义。
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends
6.有些不及物动词用主动形式表示被动意义(主语多为物),常见的有:sell(销售),write(书写),wash(洗),wear(穿),read(读),run(运转)等。
This kind of book sells well.
The pen you gave me writes well.
7.部分表示状态特征的连系动词，如:smell,sound,look, turn, taste, prove,turn out 等的主动形式表示被动意义。
The flowers in the garden smell sweet. The scientist's theory proved to be right. Those oranges taste good
汉语中有些句子常不出现主语。英文常用被动结构,常用的如下:
It is said that the work has been done.据说工作已完成。
It is reported that the robber has been caught.
据报道抢劫犯已被抓。
It is thought that the weather will be hotter.
人们认为天气会更热。
It is well known that Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知台湾属于中国。
9.主动形式表被动意义
①be to blame for(=be blamed for)因……受责备②be worth doing值得做
③be under repair (discussion/ construction/control)在维修中(讨论中/修建中/控制中)④动词 open,shut,lock,wash 等
The new door won't lock / open.⑤be +adj.+to do
English is easy to learn.
二、巩固精练
（）1.A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered B. has offered C.are offered D.have offered
（）2.The police found that the house and a lot of things
has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen
（） 3.When and where to build the new factory___yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided C. had not decided D. have not decided
（）4.-Have you moved into the new house
-Not yet. The rooms .
A. are being painted B.are painting
C.are painted D.are being painting
（）5.Little Tom should love__ to the theater this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
（） 6.In some parts of the world, tea__ with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is served C. serves D.served
（） 7. I need one more stamp before my collection .
A.has completed B.completes
C. has been completed D.is completed
( )8.-__the sports meet might be put off.
-Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A.I've been told B.I've told C.I'm told D.I told
（）9.Cleaning women in big cities usually get___ by the hour.
A. pay B.paying C.paid D. to pay
（）10.Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.
A. lose B.will be lost C.are lost D.will lose
（）11.A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.
A.will be built B.is built C. has been built D.is being built
（）12. The new suspension bridge_by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B.had been designed
C.was designed D. would be designed
( )13. Visitors_not to touch the exhibits.
will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested
( )14.Rain forests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
cut B.are cut C. are being cu t D. had been cut
（）15.This is Ted's photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D. was killing
( )16.-How are the team playing
-They are playing well, but one of them__hurt.
A.got B.gets C. are D.were
( )17. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge it will_ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed
（）18.-How long__at this job
-Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
（）19.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006.
A. has been completed B.has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
（）20.More patients in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated B.have treated
C.had been treated D. have been treated
（）21.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people__ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A.persuade B.will persuade C. be persuaded D.are persuaded
( )22.-The window is dirty.
-I know.It for weeks
A.hasn't cleaned B.didn't clean
C. wasn't cleaned D. hasn't been cleaned
（）23. All the employees except the manager __ to work online at home.
A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.are encouraged
（）24.-George,and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding
-No,I__.Did they have a big wedding
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C.hadn't been invited D.didn't invite
（）25.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power_ increased enormously
A. is ever since. B.was C.has been D.had been
（）26. According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.
A.is expected B.expects C.expected D.is expecting
（）27.She sister Jiang in that factory.
A.calls B.calling C.called D.is called
（）28.The young man__ give his seat to an old lady on the bus.
A.was made B.was made to C. made D. made to
（）29.Our city__into an industrial center.
A. is going to develop B. is going to be developed
C. will grow up D. will be grown up
( )30.We haven't heard from my brother for a long time, what do you think __ to him
A.to happen B.has happened
C.was happened D.has been happened
（）31.When I reached the box office, all the tickets____out.
A.have sold B. have been sold C.had been sold D.were sold
（）32.Lao Wang will certainly be given a new house if more new houses next year.
A.will be built B.are built C.will build D.be built
（）33.Doctors__in every part of the world.
A.need B.are needing C.are needed D. will need
（）34. Both my brothers work at the power station that ___ in my home town.
A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up
( )35.I still don't know what while I was away from home.
A. had happened B.was happened C.has happened D.happened
( )36.I promise that the matter will.
A.be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of
（）37.Great changes in the city, and a lot of factories__.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up
C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place, were set up
（）38.No permission has__for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B.given C.to give D.be giving
（）39.l ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given
( )40. All of us know that the clever boy never let himself___.
A. being cheated B. to be cheated C.cheating D.be cheated
三、习题答案
1.A book 和offer之间构成语义上的动宾关系。应用被动语态。
2.D break into 和 house,steal和things之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，且这两个动作发生在“found”之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态，第一空省略了“had been”。
3.A 根据语境和语意,“When and where to build the new factory”是一个整体，何时何地建新工厂这件事是主语，所以谓语动词用单数，decide和主语构成被动关系。
4.A 根据语境和语意可知,房子正在被装修。故选A。
5.A take和Little Tom之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系故用被动语态;根据“this evening”可知，这个动作还未发生,故用不定式。
6.B tea和serve之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
7.D complete是及物动词“集邮”是被人完成的，需要从表被动意义的CD项中选择;又因before引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以D选项为正确答案。
8.A 第一句句意:我被告知运动会有可能被取消。
9.C“get+过去分词”表被动意义。
10.B句意:如果工厂倒闭,人们将失去上百个工作岗位。由此可知，jobs是lose的承受者，应用被动语态，此处用一般将来时表示工厂倒闭后将要发生的事。
D根据语境和语意可知,cinema和built构成被动关系，句中的“next month”暗示了该句应用将来时态。
B根据“by the end of last month”可知应用过去完成时，而bridge与design之间是被动关系。故选
13.D句意:禁止游客触摸展览品。由此可知，此处应用被动语态。
14.C根据句意可知,雨林正在被砍伐。故选C。
15.C根据句意.Ted和kill构成被动关系且动作发生在过去。
16.A“get+过去分词”表被动意义且动作发生在过去。17.B系动词没有被动语态，如be,become,feel,get grow, keep, look, seem, smell, turn 等。
18.B根据“since 1990”可知此处应用现在完成时,且you与employ之间属逻辑上的动宾关系，故用现在完成被动结构。
19.A由“by2006”可知，此处应用现在完成时，而work与complete是逻辑上的动宾关系。故选A。
20.D句中patient和treat之间构成被动关系，句中的时间副词暗示了应用完成时态
21.D
22.D句中window和clean之间构成被动关系,“for+一段时间”用完成时态。
23.D考查主谓一致和语态。分析句子可知,真正的主语为“all the employees”,且是动词encourage的承受者。故选D。
24.C invite这个动作发生在参加婚礼之前,故用过去完成时，且与I构成被动关系。故选C。
25.C结合语境和语意，加上句中的时间副词可知选C。
26.A分析句子可知,painting是expect的承受者,故用被动语态。
27.D句意:在那个工厂，人们称她江姐。
28.B使役动词make后使用省to的不定式，主动语态中不带to,但变成被动语态时须加上to。
29.B句意:我们的城市将被发展为工业中心:故用将
来时的被动语态。
30.B happen 为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,“sth happen to sb.”意为“某人出了某事(常指不好的事发生在某人身上)”。
31.C结合语境和语意，ticket和sell之间构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。
32.B此处用一般现在时表将来，且house是build的逻辑宾语。应用被动语态。故选B。
33.C句意:世界的每个地方都需要医生。叙述的是一个事实，故用现在时的被动语态。
34.B此处用现在完成时表示核电站已经建好，且核电站是被人们修建。故选B。
35.D happen 是不及物动词,没有被动语态。
36.B动词短语用于被动语态时应将其看作整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
37.B take place为不及物动词,无被动语态,而第二空用现在完成被动结构，表示工厂被建好
38.A结合语境和语意，give和permission之间构成被动关系。故选A。
39.B
40.D感官动词或使役动词使用省to的不定式。