中考英语二轮题型专项突破：阅读理解专项突破-体裁篇之说明文（含答案)

备战中考英语阅读理解专项突破
体裁篇之说明文
Passage 1
① Chemistry is everywhere in our daily life. Sometimes it’s easy to see. At other times, it can be very hard to see the everyday chemistry at work, but nearly everything you touch has some chemicals (化学物质) in it.
② Chemistry helps to make products for use. Something as simple as toothpaste has at least three chemicals that keep your teeth clean. Other things in your daily life are created by chemistry, such as hair products and soap. Without chemistry, we would never have known that we need soap to get the oil out of clothes.
③ Chemistry also helps us understand the world around us. Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can’t be mixed with vinegar (醋), because the mixture can produce harmful gas.
④ Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation. Cooking food causes it to go through a chemical change. That is why cooked food often tastes different from uncooked food. Too much or too little of any chemical material makes a difference to the result of baking (烘焙). For example, the cake can be too soft or too hard.
⑤ Chemistry isn’t something that just lives in a laboratory; it’s something that you meet hundreds of times in life. Knowing how chemistry works will give you a greater understanding of the life.
1．What can the chemicals in toothpaste help us
A．To keep the teeth clean. B．To make the teeth strong.
C．To clean the oil off clothes. D．To make the clothes new.
2．From the third paragraph, we know that ________.
A．we can mix bleach with vinegar B．the mixture can produce useful gas
C．we can’t mix bleach with vinegar D．chemistry can’t help us make products
3．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A．cooked food isn’t as good as uncooked food B．chemistry plays a big role in food preparation
C．there are no chemical changes while we are cooking D．the cake can’t be too soft or too hard with chemistry
4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage (① = Paragraph 1)
A． B． C． D．
5．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Chemistry and food. B．Chemistry around the world.
C．Chemistry and products. D．Chemistry in everyday life.
Passage 2
Looking at the undone homework on his desk always makes David Grey feel uncomfortable.More often than not, David leaves his homework behind and surfs the Internet or watches TV instead, waiting until the last minute. “But the longer 1 wait,” says David, aged 15, “the more I worry.”
Everyone procrastinates (拖延) because they want to feel good now.The way to do that is to avoid the task.You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even enjoyable tasks such as planning a vacation.“Some people procrastinate cleaning.Some people procrastinate by cleaning,” says Professor Peter Stone.Research has shown that the top tasks young people procrastinate are studying and going to bed. “One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others’ expectations,” Stone adds.
Some people believe that procrastination will make them thrive.But researchers disagree.“I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,” says Stone.“They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer.But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usually not going to be good for you.For example, bedtime procrastination can lead to sleeplessness, which in turn can cause many other health problems.
For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first.If you’ve been procrastinating on forming a habit of exercise, just put on your walking shoes.A little bit of progress will get you moving.
Next, find something to help you remember to take action.If you want to go to bed at 10:30 pm, you might set a timed dimmer switch (渐暗开关) at 10 pm.When the lights are dimmer, you’ll start going to bed.It works for most people.
Finally, reward yourself every time you make progress.For example, after you’ve run 3 km, enjoy your favourite ice-cream.But be careful: it won’t work the other way around.
6．What can be the best title of this passage
A．A day of a procrastinator B．Procrastination: yes or no
C．Say goodbye to procrastination D．Want to feel good now Procrastinate!
7．What is the main reason for people’s procrastination
A．They want to avoid doing hard work. B．They fear to lose and let others down.
C．They need to finish the top tasks first. D．They plan to do the enjoyable tasks last.
8．The underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A．think faster B．work more successfully
C．give up more easily D．worry too much
9．What should David do if he wants to stop procrastinating on a writing task
A．Put on some soft music to help think actively.
B．Enjoy a favourite ice-cream, and then start writing.
C．Search the Internet for enough ideas before starting.
D．Pick up a pen and write down possible starting sentences.
Passage 3
Here are some interesting offices around the world. Let’s take a look!
The loneliest office
Where is the loneliest office in the world It is near a glacier（冰川） in the Tanggula Mountains in Tibet. It’s Luobu Renqing’s office. He wants to protect the glacier’s water from pollution.
Working in the woods
Look at the tube office in Spain! Half of the office is dug into the ground in a forest. Workers can enjoy the beautiful view through the window while working. This also helps the office stay cool during hot summers.
Going into a cave（山洞）
Do you want to work in a cave The workers of an Internet company in Sweden do this. The company turned a big cave in the White Mountains into offices. The caves is 30 meters underground, so it’s very safe and cool.
Container（集装箱）offices
A company moved its office to an empty container in Los Angeles, US. People work in shipping containers. Here, people use skylights（天窗） when they are working. This saves a lot of money and energy.
10．Where is the loneliest office
A．In China. B．In Spain. C．In Sweden. D．In America.
11．Why is the cave office safe and cool
A．Because it’s in a forest.
B．Because it’s an Internet company.
C．Because it’s 30 meters underground.
D．Because people use skylights when they are working.
12．Which office can save lots of money and energy
A．The loneliest office. B．The tube office. C．The cave office. D．The container office.
Passage 4
Many of us stayed at home in January because of COVID-19, but a special mom and her two babies took a trip. They were driven a few miles from a breeding center in northeastern Argentina to a 1.7 million-acre nature reserve called Gran Ibera Park. There the three jaguars were released into the wild.
Their release was the first reintroduction of jaguars in that part of Argentina since the species (物种) almost died out there 70 years ago. Scientists hope they can turn things around for this important apex predator, meaning one that is on top of the food chain (链). Only 200 to 300 jaguars remain in the country.
“That is the highest level of protection that can be given in Argentina,” says Sebastian Di Martino. He’s the conservation director for Rewilding Argentina, which is one of the organizations helping to restore jaguar populations.
The jaguars’ journey started in 2018 when the park was built in the Ibera Wetlands. Several thousand jaguars once lived there, along with other important species. But the jaguars’ fur was valuable, so people hunted them. Then farmers cleared the land they lived on. With the jaguars gone, the ecosystem was out of balance.
“In the absence of this species, ecosystems stop working well and may even collapse,” Di Martino says. “The main prey (猎物) of the jaguar is the capybara and the caiman. They are very abundant because of the absence of the jaguar, which causes imbalances in the ecosystem.”
The park was the first step to give jaguars a place to live. Then they needed to breed. A female named Mariua mated with a male jaguar from Brazil. Mariua then gave birth to the two baby jaguars.
It sounds simple, but the reality is more complicated. Di Martino said that jaguars born at breeding centers have to learn how to hunt and must not become used to humans. Otherwise, they will not have success in the wild.
The people who work at the breeding center stay out of sight. They use video cameras to watch the jaguars from several miles away. “We provide live prey for them, without them realizing it comes from people,” Di Martino said.
Mariua wears a radio collar so researchers can track her and her babies, Karai and Pord. “So far, so good. She’s been hunting capybaras and wild pigs and is raising her babies very well,” Di Martino says.
13．What can we learn about the jaguar
A．It is found only in Argentina. B．It is taught to hunt by humans.
C．It is not hunted by any other animal. D．It is not considered as a rare species.
14．Which of the following words can best describe Di Martino’s job
A．Exciting. B．Meaningful. C．Surprising. D．Successful.
15．What does the underlined word “abundant” mean in this passage
A．More than enough. B．Less than enough.
C．Getting more powerful. D．Getting less powerful.
16．The writer mentioned Mariua ________.
A．to give an example of jaguars’ life B．to show the importance of female jaguars
C．to introduce a way of training jaguars D．to explain the method of rewilding jaguars
Passage 5
You may study differently from your friends, but your study habits are not wrong!
Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lot in common. They love doing things together, such as going to movies and concerts, shopping, or just sitting at a small cafe. Since they take a lot of the same school subjects, they would love to study together, but they find this impossible. Their working styles are so completely different that they can’t be in the same room while they are studying!
Kelly would like to study in a clean, open space, while Maria works best with books, papers and other things around her. Kelly prefers to study in a totally silent room, but Maria loves to play music or even have the TV on. Kelly can sit for hours without moving, and often gets all her homework done in one sitting. Maria, however, is always getting up, and says that she thinks best when she’s on the move.
You might be asking yourself: which way of studying gets better results Many people believe that a silent, tidy setting(环境) is the way to go, ________. Some research has even shown that outside noise and untidiness help some people focus(聚焦) their attention, because it makes them form a “wall” in their mind around what they are doing and improves their focus.
So, if you’re a student who chooses to study while sitting at a table in a busy shopping center, don’t worry about it. If you work in total silence, that’s OK; too. Judging from Kelly’s and Maria’s study habits, the best way to study is the way that works for you. In their very different ways, both of them do well in school, and both finish their work within the required time as well.
17．Kelly and Maria are mentioned as an example in this passage to______.
A．discuss two different study habits B．compare the differences in their hobbies
C．show the importance of a good study habit D．express the writer’s worry about their friendship
18．Which of the following is the best to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4
A．and they have difficulty in study B．and it can be true for most of them
C．but that doesn’t seem necessarily true D．but nobody does research on this question
19．What can we infer from the last paragraph of this passage
A．Students who like to study in silence will be more successful
B．Both study habits can help students make progress in their studies.
C．Only a small number of students can study well in a noisy situation.
D．Friends with different study habits can do better by studying together.
20．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Are you studying the “right” way
B．How can you improve your study habits
C．Is it possible for friends to study well together
D．What are the advantages of different study settings
Passage 6
Tianwen I is China’s first Mars probe（火星探测器）. Where does the name come from Do you still remember Qu Yuan, a famous poet in ancient China He loved his motherland very much. His long poem “Heavenly Questions（天问）” expresses the continual hard work and the great spirit of the Chinese nation to science. That is why Tianwen I was officially named, which is quite cultural and beautiful.
On July 14, 2020. Tianwen I arrived at the Wenchang Space Launch Site（发射站）in Hainan Province. The space probe Tianwen I based off（发射升空）at 12:41 p.m. on July 23, 2020, carrying a Long March 5 carrier rocket（长征5号运载火箭）. It took Tianwen I about seven months to travel to Mars.
The China’s Mars rover（火星车）, Zhurong moved from is landing platform（平台）onto the surface of the Red Planet at 10:40 a.m. on May 15th, 2021, starting is exploration（探险旅程）around the landing site.
The 240-kilogram robot was sent into the sky to survey Mars’ landforms, geography situation, and something about water, ice, environment and other physical fields.
Before Tianwen I, no country had ever tried to send an orbiter（运行器）, a lander and a rover in one single expedition（考察）to Mars.
21．Which country is Tianwen I Mars probe from
A．China. B．America. C．Canada. D．Japan.
22．Why was the first Mars probe here given the name, Tianwen I
A．Because of a book written by Li Bai. B．Because of a poem written by Qu Yuan.
C．Because of a famous scientist. D．Because of a well-known engineer.
23．When was Tianwen I sent into the space
A．On June 23, 2020. B．On June 24, 2020
C．On July 23, 2020. D．On July 24, 2020.
24．How long did it take Tianwen I to travel to Mars
A．About 3 months. B．About 5 months.
C．About 7 months D．About 9 months.
25．What does the Mars rover, Zhurong survey on Mars
A．Landforms and geography situation. B．Something about water, ice and environment.
C．Other physical fields. D．All of the above.
Passage 7
Vicuna, a small town in the north of Chile, is a great place for watching stars all year round. Although it is near the sea, the cold, wet air from the coast does not bring clouds. Instead, dry winds from the desert keep the clouds away at night. In fact, the sky is so clear in Vicuna that it is possible to see many stars that can be seen only with advanced（先进的）instruments in other parts of the world.
In Vicuna, distant（遥远的）star systems such as Magellanic Clouds can be seen without the help of an instrument. That is why the town was chosen as the home of a number of sky observatories (天文台). One of them, the Mamalluca, is quite different from the typical observatories used by scientists. This observatory was built for tourists who like to look at the stars. During the year, Vicuna’s hotels accommodate thousands of tourists who come from all over the world to see the night sky as they have only seen it in books. The cloudless sky is clearly a moneymaker for the town, which plans to set up even more observatories. It was recently decided that building observatories would go on for another few years.
At one point, however, the town faced a serious problem. As the town grew, more streetlights were added, making it more and more difficult to see the stars at night. The town saved the night sky by building a new system of lights that lit up the streets without influencing the view of the sky.
Choose the best choice from A, B or C according to the passage.
26．What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．Vicuna is a small town far from the ocean.
B．We can see wonderful clouds in the sky over Vicuna.
C．The sky in Vicuna is clear all year round.
27．What makes the Mamalluca a special observatory in Vicuna
A．Its size B．Its location C．It serves tourists
28．What does the underlined word “accommodate” most probably mean in Chinese
A．容纳 B．建议 C．控制
29．Why did Vicuna spend money on a new streetlight system
A．The old streetlights used lots of electricity.
B．The old streetlights made it hard to see the stars at night.
C．The new streetlights would make streetlights more beautiful.
30．What is the best title for the passage
A．Vicuna Has a Problem
B．A Town to Watch the Stars
C．Pictures of a Cloudless Sky
Passage 8
On the early morning of December 17, the Chang’e-5 lunar probe (月球探测器) landed safely on the grasslands in Inner Mongolia, meaning the Chang’e-5 mission (任务) ended successfully.
Chang’e-5 was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province on November 24, 2020. On December 1, the probe got to the moon. During the stay on the moon, it collected 1,731 grams of rock and soil samples (样品). On December 3, our national flag was shown on the moon. After that, the probe was ready to go home.
China is no stranger to lunar exploration (探月) programs. Over the years, it has sent a number of increasingly challenging missions to the moon. One of the most famous missions was the historic landing of Chang’e-4 spacecraft on the moon’s far side in 2019. As Chang’e-5 reached a new area of the moon, this launch successfully pushed the limits (极限) even further. It’s no doubt a great step forward for the space industry.
This is a truly historic event for China’s space program, making China the third nation in the world to bring samples back from the moon. The success has also made Chang’e-5 the first spacecraft to bring back samples from the moon since 1976 when a Russian spaceship brought back 170.1 grams of samples to the earth. This was no easy task, but China has made it.
31．How long did the whole Chang’e-5 mission last
A．About half a month. B．Around 10 days.
C．Over a month. D．More than 20 days.
32．The underlined word “launched” in paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese.
A．回收 B．发射 C．发明 D．销毁
33．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ________.
A．the importance of space exploration
B．the difficulty in lunar exploration
C．the future of China’s space program
D．the progress in China’s moon missions
34．In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage
A．CULTURE B．TRAVEL C．SCIENCE D．SPORT
Passage 9
If you feel sad or upset, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be more suitable for you.
Some scientists at Ohio State University, the U.S., have found that sad movies can make people happier. They published their study in a magazine called Communication Research.
Scientists asked 361 college students to watch a sad movie called Atonement. The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separated. They died during World War II at the end of the movie. The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness.
According to the result of the survey, scientists found out that people felt better after watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their own lives and pared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives were full of hope.
“I want to live my life to the fullest, and this movie has made me think a lot,” one student wrote.
Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, the leader of the study, explained that bad moods (情绪) would make people more thoughtful. “Good moods are generally a sign that everything is fine. You don’t have to worry, and you don’t have to think about problems in your life,” she said. “But bad emotions, like sadness, make you feel terrible about your situation. Therefore, seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad, but that will cause you to think more about your own close relationships and value them more.”
35．The scientists asked the college students to watch Atonement ________.
A．to help them make more friends
B．to make them feel better about themselves
C．to find out how they felt after watching it
D．to encourage them to share their feelings
36．How many times did the students answer questions from the scientists
A．Six times. B．Five times. C．Four times. D．Three times.
37．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．stories. B．feelings. C．friends. D．lives.
38．What is the best title for this passage
A．Feeling Sad Watch a Sad Movie
B．Feeling Lonely Find True Love
C．Feeling Bad See a Happy Film
D．Feeling Down Think about Others
Passage 10
Imagine using your coat to look through the internet, send and receive messages, and even read a map. Yes, you read that correctly—your coat.
It may sound silly, but it’s something scientists are working on. Researchers at Shanghai’s Fudan University have made a new type of cloth that can be used as a digital display （显示屏）.
Professor Peng Huisheng and his team have spent 10 years trying to make “digital cloth”. After testing different combinations, they chose two materials that worked: a silver-plated yarn （镀银纱）that can light up and a kind of thread （纺线）that conducts （传导）electricity.
The results have been admirable. It’s not only wearable and foldable, but also washable. After being put through 100 wash-and-dry cycles in a washing machine and folded 10, 000 times, the cloth remained almost unchanged.
Peng believes that the new cloth could be used for many things. For example, it could allow a driver to view a GPS map on their arm while they drive around. It could also help people communicate better if they have language barriers （障碍）or disabilities.
In one test, Peng’s team collected brainwaves from volunteers who had either been playing a game or meditating. The waves were then translated into messages like “anxious” or “relaxed” and shown on the cloth. This could help deaf-mute （聋哑的） people “talk” to each other in the future.
“We hope that new materials will shape next-generation electronic devices by changing the way we interact with them, ”said Peng.
39．The researchers have made a new type of cloth that can be used as a ________.
A．digital camera B．digital display
C．digital method D．digital communication
40．A silver-plated yarn and a kind of ________ were chosen to make “digital cloth”.
A．gold B．metal C．steel D．thread
41．The new cloth can allow a driver ________ on their arm when they drive around.
A．to read a GPS map B．to print a GPS map
C．to make a GPS map D．to draw a GPS map
42．The underlined word “meditating” in Paragraph 6 means ________ in Chinese.
A．争吵 B．打架 C．冥想 D．讨论
43．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
A．The new cloth remained unchanged after it is washed or folded.
B．New materials may shape next-generation electronic devices.
C．The new cloth could help people who have language barriers or disabilities communicate better.
D．The “fueling” shown on the cloth couldn’t help deaf-mute people “talk” to each other.
参考答案
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述化学物质无处不在；讲述化学物质的用途；知道化学的原理能够更好地理解生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Something as simple as toothpaste has at least three chemicals that keep your teeth clean”可知，可以保持牙齿清洁。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can’t be mixed with vinegar (醋), because the mixture can produce harmful gas”可知漂白剂和醋不能混合，因为会产生有害的气体。故选C。
3．段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation”可知这一段主要讲述化学物质在食物准备上的重要作用。故选B。
4．文章结构题。文章的第一段主要讲述化学物质无处不在。第二段到第四段讲述化学物质的用途，第五段总结化学物质是生活中常见的东西，知道化学的原理能够更好地理解生活。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述化学物质在日常生活中的用途和作用。可概括为Chemistry in everyday life。故选D。
【答案】
6．C 7．B 8．B 9．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述的是拖延的问题，讲述停止拖延的一些举措。
6．标题概括题。根据“For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first”可知文章主要讲述的是拖延的问题，讲述停止拖延的一些举措。C选项“对拖延说不”符合。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段“One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others’ expectations”拖延的最主要的原因是人们害怕失败，不能满足别人的期望。故选B。
8．词义理解题。根据第三段“But researchers disagree ”和“They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer. But they thought they did better”他们做得比不拖延的人更差，他们有更多的错误，花的时间更长，但是他们以为他们做得更好。研究人员不赞成他们这样的想法。可知“ procrastination will make them thrive”表示“拖延会让他们成功”。B选项“work more successfully”符合。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“reward yourself every time you make progress.For example, after you’ve run 3 km, enjoy your favourite ice-cream”每次取得进步奖励自己，比如跑了三公里，吃自己最爱的冰淇淋。可知大卫如果想停止写作任务的拖延，可以享受最爱的冰淇淋然后开始写作。故选B。
【答案】
10．A 11．C 12．D
【分析】
文章介绍了一些世界各地有趣的办公室。
10．细节理解题。根据“Where is the loneliest office in the world It is near a glacier（冰川） in the Tanggula Mountains in Tibet.”可知，世界上最孤独的办公室在靠近西藏唐古拉山脉的一座冰川。即在中国，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“The caves is 30 meters underground, so it’s very safe and cool.”可知，因为这些洞穴在地下30米，所以非常安全和凉爽。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据“Container（集装箱）offices”中的信息“This saves a lot of money and energy.”可知，Container（集装箱）offices办公室能节约金钱和能量，故选D。
【答案】
13．A 14．D 15．A 16．B
【分析】
文章主要介绍了阿根廷美洲虎的状况。
13．细节理解题。根据“Their release was the first reintroduction of jaguars in that part of Argentina since the species (物种) almost died out there 70 years ago.”可知，自从70年前美洲虎在阿根廷几乎灭绝以来，美洲虎被放归野外是该地区首次重新引入美洲虎。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据“ “So far, so good. She’s been hunting capybaras and wild pigs and is raising her babies very well,” Di Martino says.”可知，迪马蒂诺说：“她一直在捕猎水豚和野猪，把孩子养得很好。”，由此可知迪马蒂诺的工作是成功的，故选D。
15．词义猜测题。根据“The main prey (猎物) of the jaguar is the capybara and the caiman. They are very abundant because of the absence of the jaguar, which causes imbalances in the ecosystem.”可知，美洲虎的主要猎物是水豚和凯门鳄。它们非常丰富，因为没有美洲虎，这导致了生态系统的不平衡。所以单词“abundant”指的是“充足的，足够多的”，故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据“Then they needed to breed. A female named Mariua mated with a male jaguar from Brazil. Mariua then gave birth to the two baby jaguars.”可知，文中作者提到Mariua是为了说明雌性美洲虎的重要性，故选B。
【答案】
17．A 18．C 19．B 20．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。每个人的学习方式各不相同，通过实例证明，研究适合你的方式就是最好的学习方式。
17．细节理解题。通读全文可知，凯莉和玛丽亚有各自不同的学习方式，但他们都在学校表现优异，而且都在规定的时间内完成了学业，所以作为这篇文章中的例子，是为了讨论两种不同的学习习惯。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据前句“Many people believe that a silent, tidy setting(环境) is the way to go,”后句“Some research has even shown that outside noise and untidiness help some people focus(聚焦) their attention, because it makes them form a “wall” in their mind around what they are doing and improves their focus.”的语境可推测出，空处应是表示转折，说安静整洁的环境不一定是学习的好方法。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文中“Judging from Kelly’s and Maria’s study habits, the best way to study is the way that works for you. In their very different ways, both of them do well in school, and both finish their work within the required time as well.”可推理出，这两种学习习惯都可以帮助学生在学习上取得进步。故选B。
20．最佳标题。每个人的学习方式各不相同，通过实例证明，研究适合你的方式就是最好的学习方式。故文章的最佳标题应是“你在研究‘正确’的方法吗”。故选A。
【答案】
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．C 25．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是中国“天问一号”火星探测器的相关内容，介绍中国在空间技术发展上外空探索所取得的成就。
21．细节理解题。根据“Tianwen I is China’s first Mars probe（火星探测器）.”可知，天问一号是中国首个火星探测器，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“Where does the name come from Do you still remember Qu Yuan, a famous poet in ancient China He loved his motherland very much. His long poem “Heavenly Questions（天问）” expresses the continual hard work and the great spirit of the Chinese nation to science. ”可知，“天问”这个名字来自屈原的长诗《天问》，故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据“The space probe Tianwen I based off（发射升空）at 12:41 p.m. on July 23, 2020, carrying a Long March 5 carrier rocket（长征5号运载火箭）.”可知，2020年7月23日12时41分，航天探测器“天问一号”搭载长征五号运载火箭升空。 故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据“It took Tianwen I about seven months to travel to Mars.”可知，天问一号花了7个月的时间到达火星。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据“The 240-kilogram robot was sent into the sky to survey Mars’ landforms, geography situation, and something about water, ice, environment and other physical fields.”可知，它被用来调查火星的地形、地理状况，以及水、冰、环境和其他物理领域。故选D。
【答案】
26．C 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以观看星星的好地方——智利北部的维库纳小镇。同时也介绍了这个地方成为观星星的好地方的原因。
26．主旨大意题。通读第一段，尤其根据文中“In fact, the sky is so clear in Vicuna that it is possible to see many stars that can be seen only with advanced（先进的）instruments in other parts of the world.”可知，维库纳的天空一年四季都是晴朗的。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据文中“One of them, the Mamalluca, is quite different from the typical observatories used by scientists. This observatory was built for tourists who like to look at the stars.”可知推理出，Mamalluca服务于游客使其成为维库纳一个特殊的天文台。故选C。
28．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“thousands of tourists who come from all over the world”可猜测出，应是维库纳的酒店容纳了成千上万的游客，故下划线单词“accommodate”的汉语意思最有可能是“容纳”。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据文中“As the town grew, more streetlights were added, making it more and more difficult to see the stars at night.”可知，维库纳花钱买一个新的路灯系统是因为旧的路灯使夜晚很难看到星星。故选B。
30．最佳标题。文章介绍了可以观看星星的好地方——智利北部的维库纳小镇。同时也介绍了这个地方成为观星星的好地方的原因。故文章的最佳标题应是“看星星的小镇”。故选B。
【答案】
31．D 32．B 33．D 34．C
【分析】
本文向我们介绍嫦娥五号月球探测器安全降落在内蒙古，这对中国的太空计划来说是一个真正的历史性事件，使中国成为世界上第三个从月球带回样本的国家。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段“On the early morning of December 17, the Chang’e-5 lunar probe (月球探测器) landed safely on the grasslands in Inner Mongolia”和第二段“Chang’e-5 was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province on November 24, 2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五号在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射升空，在12月17日凌晨嫦娥五号月球探测器安全降落在内蒙古草原，共计历时24天，故选D。
32．词义猜测题。分析“Chang’e-5 was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province on November 24, 2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五号在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射升空。所以launched的意思是“发射”，故选B。
33．段落大意题。根据“China is no stranger to lunar exploration (探月) programs. Over the years, it has sent a number of increasingly challenging missions to the moon.”可知，中国对探月计划并不陌生， 多年来中国向月球发射了一系列越来越具有挑战性的任务。选项D“中国登月计划的进展”符合大意，故选D。
34．推理判断题。本文主要向我们介绍航空航天方面的情况，所以最有可能在科学版块看到这篇文章，故选C。
【答案】
35．C 36．B 37．D 38．A
【分析】
本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验证明看一部悲伤的电影会更适合不开心的人，因为它会让你珍惜当下你所拥有的。
35．细节理解题。根据“The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness”可知，在学生观看完悲剧电影后，科学家们尝试发现他们的内心感受，故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据“The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings”可知，在电影开始前、结束后以及放映过程中三次回答了科学家们提出的问题，一共是五次，故选B。
37．词义猜测题。根据“ Compared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives were full of hope”可知，是跟电影里不幸的爱人的生活对比，他们的生活充满了希望，所以those是指“lives”，故选D。
38．最佳标题。根据“If you feel sad or upset, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be more suitable for you”可知，本文主要围绕在你难过时看一部悲伤的电影更能治愈你来描述，所以A选项“感到难过吗？看一部悲伤的电影”符合本文标题，故选A。
【答案】
39．B 40．D 41．A 42．C 43．D
【分析】
本文主要介绍了一种新型的发明，那就是用外套来浏览网站，收信息，甚至阅读地图，本文详细介绍了这种外套工作原理。
39．细节理解题。根据“Researchers at Shanghai’s Fudan University have made a new type of cloth that can be used as a digital display”可知，这是一种可以用作数字显示器的新型布料，故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据“they chose two materials that worked: a silver-plated yarn （镀银纱）that can light up and a kind of thread （纺线）that conducts （传导）electricity”可知，选择了两种材料：镀银纱和一种纺线，故选D。
41．细节理解题。根据“For example, it could allow a driver to view a GPS map on their arm while they drive around”可知，它可以让司机在开车时查看他们手臂上的GPS地图，故选A。
42．词义猜测题。根据“In one test, Peng’s team collected brainwaves from volunteers who had either been playing a game or meditating”可知，收集的是志愿者在玩游戏或冥想时的脑电波，所以meditating表示“冥想”，故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据“ This could help deaf-mute （聋哑的） people “talk” to each other in the future”可知，这可能帮助聋哑人互相“交谈”，D表述错误，故选D。
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