中考英语二轮题型专项突破：阅读理解专项突破-体裁篇之议论文（含答案）

备战中考英语阅读理解专项突破
体裁篇之议论文
Passage 1
“Life’s a long, long journey,” so we are told, and most of us would not set off on a journey, even a short one, without some ideas of where we wanted to go. Yet many people travel on life’s journey with no sense of direction at all.
Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction. Goal setting is used by top sports players, successful business people and achievers in all fields. Before you set personal goals, think about what you want to achieve with your life.
Try to set goals in some of the following categories (类别):
Education—Will you achieve the educational goals after finishing high school Are you still growing and learning
Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members
Creative—Do you want to achieve any artistic goals
Career—What job do you want to take when you grow up What do you need to make your dream come true
Public Service—Do you want to make the world a better place
Physical—Are you fit enough to do the things you want to do
Pleasure—How do you want to enjoy yourself
To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks. For example, if you want to reach a main goal in five years, set a three-year goal, a one-year goal, a three-month goal and a one-month goal. Then create a daily To-Do List of things that you should do today. When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.
Remember, your goals can be changed as time goes on. But be sure your goals are the things you hope to achieve, not what your parents, family or teachers want.
1．According to the passage, why should we set goals
A．To have a better future.
B．To enjoy pleasure in life.
C．To know where to have a journey.
D．To give our life a sense of direction.
2．What should you consider when you set a family goal
A．The education you want to get. B．The job to support your family.
C．The time you’ll spend reaching your goal. D．The relationship with family members.
3．What’s the best advice to achieve the main goal
A．Dividing your goals into smaller tasks.
B．Creating a daily To-Do List of things.
C．Building the self-confidence.
D．Setting the time to achieve the main goal.
4．What can we learn from the passage
A．Once you set your goals, they can’t be changed.
B．Not all the people can get success by setting goals.
C．Enjoying success in one goal can help you do better in the next one.
D．Your goals are the things you and your parents, families or teachers want.
5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．A long journey. B．Goal setting for life.
C．The direction of life. D．Ways to achieve goals.
Passage 2
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.
6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
7．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
8．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
9．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
Passage 3
From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that
In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize (抓住) every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section (部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents (天赋). That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
10．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One
A．To introduce a topic. B．To give examples. C．To provide a solution.
11．In some parents’ eyes, what’s the most important for their kids based on Paragraph Two
A．Being happy. B．Staying healthy. C．Getting good grades.
12．What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the third paragraph mean
A．好学生 B．神枪手 C．大人物
13．According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer’s idea
A．It takes money to be successful.
B．School grades aren’t everything.
C．Successful people never finish school.
14．What can we infer (推断) from the text
A．Old habits die hard.
B．Learning is a lifelong journey.
C．Good grades always promise a successful life.
Passage 4
Look at the Earth from space. Why does our planet look so blue It’s blue because water covers almost three quarters of the Earth’s surface. Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too. More than half of our total body weight is water.
Our body loses water whenever we exercise or go to the toilet. That’s why we need to drink plenty of water every day. We drink water. We use it to cook, clean, and carry waste out of our homes. Farmers use it to grow vegetables and crops like rice and corn; factories use it to make products.
Since the 1950s, the amount（数量）of water people use has increased by three times. But the water supply（供应）hasn’t. Scientists worry that soon there won’t be enough water for us, as well as for the animals and plants that share our world. What can we do to help Use water wisely.
Having enough water isn’t our only problem. We also need it clean.
Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on. Even chemicals that farmers use are running into rivers and lakes. All this pollution can make the water dangerous to drink. It can also harm fish and other water-living lives.
We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource（资源）.
15．How many important areas of water are mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
16．The underlined sentence “We also need it clean” in Paragraph 4 means” ________.”
A．We also need water to wash things B．We also need water that looks clean
C．We also need to keep water clean D．We also need to discover clean water
17．This passage was written to ________.
A．ask people to value water B．advise people to drink more water
C．introduce the uses of water D．describe the situation of water supply
Passage 5
With the Year of the Rat coming up, I remember going out for Chinese food when I was a kid in the US. In Chinese restaurants, there are always plates with pictures of the zodiac animals (十二生肖). For most people in the US, this might be the deepest impression of Chinese culture. One time, we started to laugh after we learned that my aunt is a rat.
We laughed because in our culture, rats are animals of very low position. They eat rubbish and cary diseases, so we think they are dirty. Because rats are sneaky (鬼鬼祟祟的), we think of them as untrustworthy. Calling semeone a rat is very rude. It means we cannot trust him or her easily, or we will be cheated.
As a kid, this caused me to feel bad for people born in the Year of the Rat. I wondered whether they would be looked down upon by others. I did some research and found that although Chinese people also see rats as dirty animals, they added them to the zodiac for some reasons.
Rats are thought to be animals that can bring people wealth. They are also able to give birth to lots of babies, which makes them a symbol of good luck—traditionally, Chinese people prefer to have large families with many children. Rats are believed to have intelligence as well. It is believed that sneaky animals must be clever.
So now, I’m entering the new year with a fresh way of looking at rats. Perhaps I need to find a new understanding for other things—-animals, ideas or even people!
18．The writer gave ________ reasons to explain why Chinese people add rats to the zodiac.
A．two B．three C．four D．five
19．From the passage, we know that ________.
A．rats are animals of very low position in Chinese culture
B．Chinese children born in the Year of the Rat are looked down upon
C．rats are only seen as dirty animals in Chinese culture
D．Chinese people believe rats are sneaky but clever animals
20．According to the passage, Phrase ________ can describe someone called a rat in US.
A．油嘴滑舌 B．伶俐乖巧 C．背信弃义 D．言出必行
21．The writer mainly talks about ________.
A．why American people don’t like rats B．what Chinese people think of rats
C．how people see rats in different cultures D．who can find a new understanding for rats
Passage 6
Skirts and dresses have been symbols of women for ages. But things are different now.
Yao Qing, 23, shows the change. She gave up her skirts and cut her hair shorter. Then she started to wear shirts, trousers or clothes in black, white or gray.
“I felt more myself that way,” Yao said. Although she remains a “sweet and nice lady” for years, she has been actually fond of outdoor sports like skateboarding and skiing since childhood. “Women are free to show our true personality,” she added, “and skirts and high-heeled shoes are less convenient in daily life.”
Another change lies in women’s awareness (意识) of their independence. 34-year-old Xuan Yanmin, for example, tried on her husband’s clothes and put her photos online. Many people said she looked handsome and cool. Some even wanted to have a try, too. Then she started a discussion “How handsome girls can be in menswear”, which got over 70 million views and 15, 000 comments.
“Society is more open now. And our independence is expressed in the new way we dress,” said Xuan.
However, stylist Shang Tao suggested that ________. “It’s more important to find the way which suits yourself better. The key is to think about your own advantages and disadvantages and the environment around you, and choose clothes that can help you feel more confident,” he said.
22．”Another change” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A．men getting more attention than before
B．more ladies showing interest in menswear
C．ladies cutting their hair shorter than men
D．more ladies preferring working at home
23．Which of the following can be put in the ________
A．ladies should give up skirts as soon as possible
B．ladies should think about changing their hairstyle
C．ladies should think twice before following this style
D．the society should be more open than before
24．This passage is written to ________.
A．show women have different ideas about sports
B．show growing independence through dressing style
C．compare men with women in different kinds of clothes
D．ask girls not to buy dresses and skirts any more
25．The passage is written in a/an ________ tone(语气).
A．angrу B．sad C．crazy D．serious
Passage 7
Born in the 2000s, what do you think of your generation (一代人) Young, creative, connected, global, smart, maybe good-looking But what do other people think about your generation
Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the phone than the world around you. They see you as the “face-down generation” and wonder how you will deal with school, friends, and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies (自拍) to become successful in real life—or “IRL”, as you would say
Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoiled and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents” who were always there to do everything for them. So today’s young people seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s.
Does the face-down generation need a heads-up Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to serve their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’ rights to go to school.
So if you are one of them born in the 2000s, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation.
26．The writer led the readers to the passage _________.
A．by showing his ideas
B．by asking questions
C．by describing the situation
27．Young people born in the 2000s are called “face-down generation” because ________.
A．they are always busy with homework with their heads down
B．they are not closely connected to the people around then
C．they show great interest in the phone and use it too much
28．The underlined word “spoiled” probably means ________ in Chinese.
A．宠坏的 B．胆小的 C．吝啬的
29．In the writer’s eyes, today’s teenagers ________.
A．are not creative because of the educational problem
B．are willing to take part in many social activities
C．are smarter and more good-looking than their parents
30．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A．mobile phones are harmful to teenagers’ growth and development
B．teenagers don’t need to change themselves to meet adults’ standards
C．although the young people have some problems, their future is full of hope
Passage 8
In February, the Ministry of Education announced that mobile phones should, in principle (原则上), be banned (禁止) in primary and secondary schools. This aims to protect students’ eyesight, make sure they pay more attention to their work and prevent them from becoming so interested in the Internet and online games. But some kids have their own opinions.
Xu Xiaohe, a 13-year-old boy from Zhejiang, supports the policy (政策). “In fact, my school has never allowed us to bring our mobile phones,” Xu said. “It’s a distraction from our work. Even adults can’t control themselves, let alone kids like us.”
Li Zihan, 13, from Beijing, however, feels differently. “We have grown up with mobile phones. We should be taught self-management skills, as well as learn how to use our phones wisely to help with our studies,” Li said. “This might be the best way to deal with technology in modern times.”
For Ge Ziqi, the problem with banning phones has more to do with life outside of school. The 13-year-old Beijinger uses a bike-sharing app every day to travel between her home and school. “Today, phones are used everywhere, from taking a bus to buying food,” she said. “If I can’t take my phone with me, I’ll have to buy my own bicycle.”
31．Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the mobile phone ban at school
A．To protect students’ eyesight.
B．To encourage students to pay more attention to study.
C．To improve students’ self-management.
D．To stop students from becoming so interested online games.
32．What does the underlined word “distraction” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．干扰 B．考验 C．分离 D．促进
33．According to the passage, Li Zihan might agree that ________.
A．a mobile phone ban is the best way to deal with technology in modern times
B．a mobile phone mustn’t be brought to school
C．a mobile phone ban has more to do with life outside of school
D．kids should be taught self-management skills to use mobile phones
34．Where is the passage probably from
A．An e-mail. B．A fairy tale.
C．A travel guide. D．A teenage newspaper.
35．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．How to use mobile phones wisely. B．Views on the mobile phone ban.
C．Ideas on how to deal with technology. D．How to use our free time.
Passage 9
Museums, live music and malls—Chinese cities offer everything that a young person might want. But there are many people who don’t have time to enjoy these things. They follow what is called the “996” work schedule—starting work at 9 a.m. and finishing at 9 p.m., six days a week.
The “996” work schedule recently became a heated topic of discussion online after a computer programmer set up a website called “996ICU”. According to the website, the “996” work schedule is unhealthy and could cause people to end up in an intensive care unit （ICU）. This work schedule is common at Chinese tech companies like Baidu, Alibaba and Huawei. Most “996” workers do not receive overtime（加班）pay.
Many tech industry workers have complained about this schedule. “I worked ‘996’ for nine months,” Zhang said, who used to work as a programmer. “I couldn’t sleep because of the pressure. So, I gave up the job at last.” However, the bosses of some tech companies think the “996” work schedule is reasonable. Jack Ma, founder of Alibaba, said it’s a “huge blessing（福气）” for young workers to work “996”.
“If you don’t do ‘996’ when you’re young, when will you ” Ma said. “If you don’t put in more time and energy than others, how will you achieve the success you want ” Many people have questioned Ma’s thinking. In an article in People’s Daily, the writer said, “Valuing hard work does not mean it’s right to force workers to work overtime.”
Cui Zhendong, a lawyer, told China Daily that it is against the law to use a compulsory （强制的） “996” work schedule. China’s Labor Law《劳动法》clearly states that workers should work no more than eight hours a day or no more than 44 hours a week.
36．The “996” work schedule requires a person to work ________.
A．9 hours a day B．18 hours a day C．54 hours a week D．72 hours a week
37．Why do many workers complain about this schedule
A．Because they have no time to go to the hospital.
B．Because their health has been influenced.
C．Because they don’t get enough pay.
D．Because they can’t work well.
38．According to the report of People’s Daily, bosses ________.
A．worked “996” to achieve their success
B．should support the “996” work schedule
C．understand the value of hard work better than workers
D．shouldn’t force workers to work overtime
39．What do we know from the passage
A．“996ICU” was set up to help workers get overtime pay.
B．It is against the law to force workers to work “996”.
C．It’s necessary for young workers to work “996”.
D．Working “996” is an unusual problem in China.
Passage 10
If you are a kid who enjoys playing video games, you must have argued with your parents at least once about the impact (影响) of gaming. Your parents might say that video games are bad for you. They may worsen your eyes, lower your academic performance, and could lead to health problems. As a kid, you probably argue that video games allow you to socialize with your friends, improve your coordination (协调) and memory, and even give you a way to make money through streaming platforms. Could you both be right
One study of game players showed that 35 percent of high school and college students have missed school or work because of games. Some other studies have shown that playing video games leads to poor concentration (注意力) in school or at work. In my seventh—grade science fair study, elementary and high school kids playing games had lower test accuracy slower reflexes (条件反射), less pain awareness (意识), and lower response times to threatening (造成威胁的) sounds during and after having played video games.
On the other hand, a study conducted by Cheryl Olson interviewed 1,000 public school students and found that video games can help kids develop problem—solving skills, make friends, show leadership, and spark creativity. They can also be highly educational, because some games involve problem—solving skills or teach things like history, geography, or culture.
So, I bet you're wondering… should I play video games or not Who is right
I think kids and parents can both win this argument. How Most of the negative impacts of video games happen when kids play for too long, so play moderately. Here's how to do that.
First, talk with your parents and take breaks from your gaming to help around the house or to get some fresh air. Second, try to find video games that are both fun and educational. Third, if you wear a headset to play, take it off every few minutes or leave one ear free so you can hear your surroundings. Fourth, there are also many games that get you up out of your seat. Finally, find some games that you can play with your parents, and you just might surprise them with how enjoyable they are. They may end up having more fun than you!
What do you think Are the good things about video games enough to outweigh the bad
40．What's the main idea of paragraph 1
A．The reasons why playing games is bad for kids.
B．Parents and kids hold different opinions towards video games.
C．Playing games can cause arguments between parents and their children.
D．A story about kids arguing with their parents about playing video games.
41．Cheryl Olson's study is mentioned to _______.
A．express the author's attitude towards playing video games
B．present most public school students like playing video games
C．show the positive impact playing video games can have
D．share the findings of the latest research about video games
42．According to the text, what are the disadvantages video games bring to kids
①They may cause harm to kids' eyesight.
②They may make kids difficult to focus on study.
③They may damage kids' coordination and memory.
④They may put kids in danger because of less response time.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．①②③④
43．The author is most likely to support ___________.
A．playing educational games without breaks
B．always wearing a headset when playing games
C．remaining seated the whole time while playing
D．playing active games which parents can take part in
44．What would be the best title for the text
A．Is playing video games good or bad
B．How to choose the best video games
C．Why does playing games impact kids, health
D．Are the good things enough to outweigh the bad
参考答案
【答案】
1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B
【分析】
生活是一段漫长的旅程，设定目标可以给我们的生活一个方向感。首先你要知道自己人生的目标是什么，如何设定自己的人生目标，这篇短文中作者提出了一些建议。
1．细节理解题。根据“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，设定个人目标可以给我们的人生方向感。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members ”可知，在设定家庭目标的时候，你首先要想清楚你想与父母和其他家庭成员保持什么样的关系。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks.”可知，为了完成一个主要的目标，你应该把它分成几个小目标。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.”可知，当一个目标实现了，享受你的成功，这会帮助你建立自信，这样可以帮助你在下一个目标中做得更好。故选C。
5．标题归纳题。根据文意以及短文中“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，文章中作者首先提到“设定个人目标能给生活方向感”，然后下文介绍了如何设定人生目标。B选项“设定人生目标”符合文章主旨，作为标题最合适。故选B。
【答案】
6．D 7．C 8．B 9．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
6．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
8．词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。
9．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
【答案】
10．A 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．B
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。在学校学习成绩好可以和未来的成功划等号吗？其实学校中的常胜将军可能并非人生赢家，反之亦然。
10．推理判断题。根据“In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that ”可知作者写第一段是为了引出学习成绩好并不能和未来的成功划等号这一话题。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids.”可知在一些家长的眼里，学习成绩对孩子们来说才是最重要的。故选C。
12．词义猜测题。根据“who are successful in life without finishing school”可知此处指的是没上学就取得成功的大人物，big shots意为“大人物”。故选C。
13．观点态度题。根据“That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.”可知想要拥有美好生活，只成绩好是不够的，由此可知“学校成绩并不代表一切。”这一句符合作者的观点。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据“If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.”可知即使完成学业了也要继续学习，学习是一个终生旅程。故选B。
【答案】
15．B 16．C 17．A
【分析】
本文介绍了水资源对我们的重要性，以及它现在所面临的问题，呼吁人们要珍惜水资源。
15．细节理解题。根据“Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too”可知，水不仅仅是地球的重要组成部分，它也是我们身体的一个重要部分；一共提到了两个水资源的重要区域，故选B。
16．句意猜测题。根据下文“Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on”可知，下文讲述了水污染的情况，所以我们必须要保持水资源是干净的，划线句子与C选项的句子同义，故选C。
17．主旨大意题。根据“We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource”可知，作者的目的是让人们珍惜水资源，故选A。
【答案】
18．B 19．D 20．C 21．C
【分析】
本文主要讲述了不同国家的人对于“鼠”这个动物的看法，美国人认为老鼠吃垃圾，身上携带着病毒，称呼别人“老鼠”是非常不礼貌的，而在中国，老鼠被认为是能给人们带来财富的动物，以此作者认为自己需要找到一种对其他事物的新理解——动物、思想甚至是人！
18．细节理解题。根据“Rats are thought to be animals that can bring people wealth” “They are also able to give birth to lots of babies”及“ Rats are believed to have intelligence as well”可知，一共给出了三条理由，故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据“Because rats are sneaky”及“Rats are believed to have intelligence as well”可知，中国人认为老鼠是狡猾但聪明的动物，故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据“Calling someone a rat is very rude. It means we cannot trust him or her easily, or we will be cheated”可知，叫某人是老鼠是很不礼貌的。这意味着我们不能轻易信任他或她，否则我们会被欺骗，所以用“背信弃义”这个词最能形容，故选C。
21．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是作者通过美国和中国对“鼠”的看法来表达了不同文化的观点，故选C。
【答案】
22．B 23．C 24．B 25．D
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过Yao Qing和Xuan Yanmin的例子介绍了随着现代女性独立意识的增强，女性在个人的衣着选择方面更加多元化，而不仅限于传统的连衣裙和短裙。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“tried on her husband’s clothes...got over 70 million views and 15.000 comments.”可知许多女性对男士的服装感兴趣。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据第六段“It’s more important to find the way which suits yourself better.”可知时装设计师建议，找到更适合自己的才是最重要的。故选C。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了女性通过改变穿着方式体现独立。故选B。
25．观点态度题。作者通过两个例子，客观地阐述了女性在穿着方式上的改变，这种改变体现着女性的独立。由此可知作者是用严肃的语气写的。故选D。
【答案】
26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．C
【分析】
本文主要讲述了人们对出生在21世纪的孩子们的一些看法。有人认为他们过度沉迷手机；有人担心他们被宠坏；作者认为他们更有创造力，是更有希望的一代人。
26．细节理解题。根据“Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies to become successful in real life—or ‘IRL’, as you would say ”可知，作者开头通过一个问题来引出下文。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the phone than the world around you.”可知，这一代的孩子们过于对手机感兴趣并经常使用手机，所以被叫做“低头族”。故选C。
28．词义猜测题。根据“Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by ‘helicopter parents’ who were always there to do everything for them.”可知，父母为孩子做一切事情，可推测出孩子们被宠坏了。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据“The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to serve their communities. ”可知，这一代的孩子更有创造力，更愿意参加社会活动。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。根据“So if you are one of them born in the 2000s, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future.”可知，尽管这一代有些孩子沉迷手机，有些被宠坏，但是他们的未来是充满希望的。故选C。
【答案】
31．C 32．A 33．D 34．D 35．B
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了针对教育部颁发的禁止学生带手机去学校这一规定，三位同学给出了他们的观点。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“This aims to……becoming so interested in the Internet and online games”可知，学校禁止使用手机目的在保护学生的视力，确保他们更加关注自己的工作，并防止他们对互联网和网络游戏如此感兴趣，故选C。
32．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“Xu Xiaohe, a 13-year-old boy from Zhejiang, supports the policy (政策)”可知，许小河是支持禁令政策的，所以此处“It’s a distraction from our work”表示他认为手机会对我们的工作有干扰，故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We should be taught self-management skills, as well as learn how to use our phones wisely to help with our studies”可知，李子涵认为我们应该被教授自我管理技能以及如何在我们的学习上合理使用手机，故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要针对手机是否应该进入校园问题而展开论述，因此与学生息息相关，所以在青少年报纸里面最有可能读到，故选D。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容以及下文中三位学生的观点可知，本文主要是关于学生对手机禁令的看法，故选B。
【答案】
36．D 37．B 38．D 39．B
【分析】
本文主要讲述了当下年轻人“996”的工作制度，发表了不同人对此的看法。
36．细节理解题。根据“They follow what is called the “996” work schedule—starting work at 9 a.m. and finishing at 9 p.m., six days a week”可知，“996”工作制度是指“从早上9点工作，晚上9点下班，一周工作六天”，也就是72小时一周，故选D。
37．细节理解题。根据“I couldn’t sleep because of the pressure”可知，身体已经受到影响，故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“Valuing hard work does not mean it’s right to force workers to work overtime”可知，重视努力工作并不意味着强迫工人加班是正确的，也就是认为老板不应该强迫工人加班，故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据“Cui Zhendong, a lawyer, told China Daily that it is against the law to use a compulsory （强制的） “996” work schedule”可知，强迫工人“996”工作是违法的，故选B。
【答案】
40．B 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．A
【分析】
本文讲述家长和孩子对玩电子游戏的不同看法。家长认为电子游戏使视力降低，成绩下降，可能导致健康问题；孩子认为电子游戏有助于交友、提高协调能力和记忆力；研究显示，玩电子游戏能带来的积极影响；作者就如何正确地玩电子游戏提出建议。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“Your parents might say that video games are bad for you… As a kid, you probably argue that video games allow you to socialize with your friends…”父母可能会说电子游戏不好，孩子觉得电子游戏有助于交友等；可知，第一段讲述家长和孩子对电子游戏有不同的看法。故选B。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段“… video games can help kids develop problem…they can also be highly educational … ” 电子游戏可以帮助孩子们发展解决问题的能力、它们也可以是非常有教育意义；可知，谢丽尔·奥尔森的研究显示玩电子游戏能带来的积极影响；故选C。
42．推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段可知，孩子在玩电子游戏后，视力变差；在学校或工作中注意力不集中；玩电子游戏可能会导致孩子们反应慢，使他们置于危险之中；故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据第六段“find some games that you can play with your parents,…They may end up having more fun than you” 找一些可以和父母一起玩的游戏，他们最终可能会比你玩得更开心；可知，作者最有可能支持——玩家长可以参加的活动游戏；故选D。
44．主旨大意题。玩电子游戏是好还是坏，家长和孩子有不同看法。家长认为玩电子游戏不好，孩子则不然；研究显示，玩电子游戏能带来的积极影响；故选A。